The Effect of Potassium Fertilization on the Tolerance of ‎Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Sham 6) to Water Stress

Bothena Omran⁽¹⁾ and Ghiath A. Alloush*⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ghiath A. Alloush. Email: galloush@scs-net.org).

Received: 21/11/2019 Accepted: 11/01/2020

Abstract

A pot experiment was conducted at a greenhouse during the growing season 2016/2017 to study the effect of water stress (FC=65 and 75%) on growth and productivity in the presence and absent of K fertilization (0 and 100 mg K/kg soil). Two control treatments at (0 and 100 mg K/kg soil) watered to 100% of FC were also included. Water stress was implemented during the whole life cycle of wheat crop and at three different wheat phonological stages: up to ending of tillering, up to beginning of spike heading, and up to beginning of grain filling. Water stress was then relieved and plants were watered to 100% of FC. Regardless of K application, water stress at 65 and 75% of FC decreased total number of tillers which mostly remained weak and unfertile compared to the control plants. The application of K to plants grown at 100% of FC increased the number of fertile tillers. Wheat plants subjected to 65 and 75% of FC water stress up to grain filling were unable to compensate for the lost fertile tillers after the stress was relieved. Whereas, stressed plants at tillering and spike emerging stages were able to compensate and increased number of fertile spikes not only similar, but even higher than those obtained for control plants. The decrease in grain weight per spike of main stem and tillers less apparent at 75% of FC, and that K application had no significant effect among treatments of the different water stress stages. The effect of water stress at different growth stages and K fertilization on the number of fertile tillers and weight of grain in spikes influenced grain productivity. Imposing continuous water stress led to decrease grain yield from 11.78 to 4.28 and 7.44 ton/ha at 65 and 75% of FC, respectively, in case of no K application. The decrease in grain yield for the same treatments were from 11.94 to 4.89 and 7.75 ton/ha in the presence of K application. In treatments subjected to water stress up to spike emerging stage yielded 7.44 and 8.58 ton/ha at 65 and 75% of FC and no K application, and 7.77 and 9.16 ton/ha for the same treatments receiving K application. Water stress at 65 and 75% of FC at tillering stage had small reducing effect on grain yield and produced as much as 90 and 97% of the grain yield of the control plants without K application. Grain yield was 91 and 99% of the yield in the control treatments receiving K application.

Key words: Bead wheat,Water stress, Potassium, Grain yield, Grain protein

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The Effect of Two Spotted Spider Mite in the Presence of the ‎Predator Phytoseiulus Persimilis Athias-Henroit on the Quality ‎of Some Climbing Beans Cultivars under Greenhouse ‎Conditions ‎

Riad Tofik Zidan⁽¹⁾ Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad⁽²⁾and Alisar Nadim Shaabow^*(1)

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Alisar Shaabow. E-Mail: alisar.nadeem@yahoo.com).

Received: 24/12/2018 Accepted: 24/02/2019

Abstract

The effect of the infection of the two spotted spider mites and using the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henroit, as biological control agent to control it, and its effect on the quality of the bods of climbing beans cultivars: Kentucky wonder white, Blue lake, Fatima, Purple Queen, Zilioni and Gigant. The study was carried out at a greenhouse at Lattakia Center for Rearing Natural Enemies during 2017 and 2018. Results showed a negative effect of T. urticae on the pod’s quality that it decreased its contents of soluble solids, fibers, dry matter, protein and vitamin C, and it increased nitrates contents. While releasing the predatory mite P. persimilis on the infected plants controlled this pest and improved pod’s quality, and that it increased its contents of soluble solids, fibers, dry matter, protein and vitamin C, and conversely it decreased nitrates. In terms of Beans cultivars the results showed that the higher content of dry matter was attained in Kentucky wonder white and Blue lake cultivars’ pods, while the higher content of soluble solids, fibers, protein, vitamin C, and the lower content of nitrates was notices in Fatima’s pods.

Key words: Climbing bean, Greenhouse, Cultivar, Tetranychus urticae, Phytoseiulus Persimilis

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Carcass Characteristics in Three Lines of Quail (Coturnix ‎coturnix spp) and their Crosses. I- The Weights

Shekhmous H. Hussen^*(1) Asia M. Hassan⁽¹⁾ Jameela H. Salih⁽¹⁾ and Khabat N. Hussein⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Shekhmous H. Hussen. E-Mail: sheikhmous68@gmail.com).

Received: 13/01/2020 Accepted: 12/03/2020

Abstract

A total of 54 birds aged 42 days old from both sexes (equally) of different quail genotypes resulted from complete diallel cross design of three lines (White-W, Light brown-L and Dark brown-D) were used in the present study. The trial was conducted at Animal Production Dept., College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Sumail, KR-Iraq, during 2016. The aim was to investigate the carcass characteristics of the quail genotypes. Live body weight and the following carcass characteristics; blood, feather, shank, head, gizzard, heart, liver, thigh, drumstick, breast, back, neck, wing and dressing carcass (with giblets) were weighed (gm.). The results showed that there were significant differences among studied genotypes and between both sexes, in addition to their interaction. In general, the best genotype for carcass characteristics was LL line; but for some main cuts, economic cuts and inedible out-parts, the DW reciprocal cross shared LL line the superiority; while for gizzard weight, the DL reciprocal cross recorded the superiority compared to the rest genotypes. However, the average carcass weights as affected by genotype were ranged from 118.5 – 144.5 gm. The females recorded higher values than males for all significant characters. The interaction between genotype and sex appeared that few genotypes interacted significantly with specific sex (female). As conclusion, the crosses didn’t appear any superiority for carcass characteristics; while a specific line and specific reciprocal cross appeared superiority in specific characters.

Key words: Quail, Lines, Crosses, Carcass weights.

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A Survey Study on Mushroom Cultivation Knowledge of ‎Participant’s at Kapasia in Gazipur, Bangladesh ‎

Kamal Krishna Mistry^*(1)and Kazi Farhad Iqubal⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Akbar Ali Khan Technical Institute (Education Complex) under the Ministry of Education, Comilla-3517, Bangladesh.

(2). Department of Environmental Science, State University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Kamal Krishna Mistry, E-Mail: kkmistryphd@yahoo.com ).

Received: 05/02/2020 Accepted: 23/03/2020

Abstract

The survey was carried out to determine the knowledge of mushroom cultivation by the farmers. The study was conducted at five villages of Kapasia Gazipur in Bangladesh. Data was collected randomly from 97 selected trained farmers from list of 972 farmers of the study area that was done through personal contact by interview schedule during the period from 01 to 30 June 2019. The study revealed that the highest 60.82% of the respondents had medium knowledge on mushroom cultivation, while 27.64 percent had low knowledge and the rest 16.50 percent had the highest knowledge on mushroom cultivation. The correlation analysis indicated that education, belief about the mushroom, neighborhood influence, length of training, organizational participation and adoption of mushroom cultivation of the farmers. Age, family size and extension contact had no significant relationships with their knowledge of mushroom cultivation.

Key words: Mushroom cultivation, Trained farmers, Bangladesh.

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Biology of the Lessepsian Pufferfish Lagocephalus suezensis ‎‎(Clark & Gohar, 1953) in Syrian Marine waters:‎ Length-Weight Relationship and Gonads Development Stages

Mai Masri*⁽¹⁾ and Waad Sabour⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mai Masri. E-Mail: mememasri96@gmail.com)

Received: 16/02/2020 Accepted: 01/04/2020

Abstract

The length-weight relationships (LWRs) were determined for (320) specimens of Lagocephalus suezensis captured in the Syrian seawaters (Eastern Mediterranean). The histological study of gonads at different development stages was performed. Fishing samples were taken with trammel net at a depth between 3 and 50 m, during April 2014 and September 2015.Total length and weight of each specimen were recorded with accuracy of 0.1 cm and 0.01 g, respectively. The calculated values of (b) were 2.8932 for male individuals and 2.8416 for females. The coefficient of determination (R²) was significant for all individuals. The types of growth for both sexes were negatively allometric. The development stages and gonad maturation, are similar with regard to the tissue structure and the form of gonads, and for the six development scale.

Key words: Lagocephalus suezensis, Lessepsian pufferfish, LW relationship, Histological structure Gonads, Syrian seawaters.

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A New Record of Parasitoid Trechnites flavipes (Mercet) ‎‎(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on the Pauropsylla buxtoni ‎‎(Laing, 1924) that Infests Cultivated Fig in Syria

Mahran Zeity⁽¹⁾^*and Majeda Mofleh⁽²⁾

(1). Agriculture Research Center in Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific and Agricultural Research, (GCSAR), Damasucus, Syria.

(2). (GCSAR), Damasucus, Syria.

(^* Corresponding author: Dr. Mahran Zeity. E-Mail: mzma2009@gmail.com).

Received: 17/03/2020 Accepted: 10/04/2020

Abstract

The study was conducted to identify the parasitoid of the fig gall psyllid, Pauropsylla buxtoni, which was collected from Damascus, Syria during 2019. The parasitoid of the psyllid was collected from the infested leaves in plastic boxes with moistened cotton and was kept at a laboratory condition for the emergence of the adult parasitoid. The parasitoid was identified as Trechnites flavipes (Mercet), which was recently reported in Palestine during 2018.This study provided a new collection data about two psyllid species that infests the cultivated fig in Syria, namely, fig gall psyllid, Pauropsylla buxtoni and the free living fig psyllid, Homotoma ficus.

Key words: Syria, Parasitoid, Cultivated fig, Homotoma ficus, Bio-control.

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Households Solid Wastes (HSW) Management at Azimpure ‎Colony in Dhaka City

Kamal Krishna Mistry^*(1)and Kazi Farhad Iqubal⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Akbar Ali Khan Technical Institute (Education Complex) under the Ministry of Education, Comilla-3517, Bangladesh.

(2). Department of Environmental Science, State University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Kamal Krishna Mistry, E-Mail: kkmistryphd@yahoo.com ).

Received: 05/02/2020 Accepted: 03/04/2020

Abstract

This study was carried out with HSW and environmental pollution at Azimpur Colony in Dhaka City, Bangladesh to find out the HSW components, management, and the respondents’ view about environmental pollution. Data was collected randomly from 150 selected respondents through questionnaires by personal interviews from the study area in May, 2018 and data analyzed with the SPSS program. The study revealed that waste collection managed by ‘Tokai/Collectors’ and the waste generation recorded 0.42 Kg/Cap/Day. Vegetables and food waste (73.91%) were found dominant and the less amount was leather and rubber (0.72%). The most respondents (57%) had been preferred to place of waste in the dustbin and 40% of the respondents were agreed to waste collection by ‘rickshaw-vans’. The maximum 85% of people preferred daily waste disposal. Majority respondents were given their opinions that environmental pollution caused by HSW and awareness build up.

Key-words: HSW, Management, Environmental pollution, Dhaka city.

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Effect of Planting Date and Plant Density on Growth and Yield of (Daucus carota L.) plants in Hama Governorate

Ahmed Mohamed Jarjanazi^*(1)

(1). Second Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Jarjanazi. E-Mail: Jarjnazi1965@gmail.com.

Received: 24/11/2018 Accepted: 16/01/2019

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of sowing the carrot (Daucus carota. Var. Nantes) on three dates (24/9, 8/10 and 23/10) and two densities: high (80) plants/m² and low (40) plants/m² under the conditions of Hama governorate, according to the split design. The early sowing showed a significant superiority over the other dates in all the studied traits (germination; maturity; length of leaves; length, diameter and weight of root; number of leaves per plant; fresh plant weight, and marketable productivity). The low density was significantly higher in the number of leaves per plant; length, diameter and weight of root, and fresh plant weight, while the opposite was noticed in terms of the length of the leaves and the marketable productivity. While the speed of germination and maturity were not affected with the plant density. In terms of the interaction between the date and the density, the plants that were sown on the first date at low density achieved the highest germination velocity; maturity; length, diameter and weight of root; number of leaves per plant and fresh plant weight (10 days, 118 days, 23.1 cm, 31.33 mm, 136 g, 15 leaves/plant, 158 g/plant, respectively), while the highest leaf length and marketable productivity (28 cm, 5.71 kg/m² respectively) were achieved at the first date and high density.

Keyword: Carrot, Daucus carota, Sowing date, Density; Marketable productivity.

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Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity in Prunus ursina KY Genotypes in the Syrian Coast

Wafaa Choumane ⁽¹⁾Haytham Ismael⁽¹⁾ Safaa Sabbouh^*(2) Mazen Rajab⁽³⁾ and Ammar Amran⁽³⁾

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Administration of Horticulture, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Biotechnology, Latakia Research Center, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

Received: 16/06/2019 Accepted: 02/08/2019

Abstract

The target of this research was the molecular characterization and the estimation of genetic diversity of trees belonging to P. ursina in the Syrian coastal area. This study was conducted during the period started from 2016 to 2018. 35 trees (genotypes) were collected from (6) sites (Jabla, Kasab, Drekesh, Kab, Brmant AL mshaeh and Msiaf) and were used for DNA analysis by 17 SSR primer pairs. The results showed that out of 17 primer pairs, only 6 were polymorphic and produced 14 different alleles. Number of alleles ranged from (2) to (4) with a mean of 2.3 alleles/primer pair. The genetic diversity was estimated for each locus and ranged from 0.37 (TPScp9F/ TPScp9R) to 0.51 (BPPCT038F/BPPCT038R) and (CPDCT014/AY862451). Dendrogram based on genetic distance results was established and two groups were obtained. The first group included samples from Brmant AL mshaeh, Kasab and Jabla, while the second group had samples from Msiaf, Kab and Drekesh. Samples from Drekesh were the most distant. No variation was detected between samples from the same site, but found among the different sites. Level of genetic diversity in P. ursina was low in the sites investigated, therefore there is a need to continue collecting more samples from other sites to detect the genetic diversity of p. ursina and keep them in gene bank gene bank in order to use them in future genetic improvement programs.

Key words: P. ursina, Molecular characterization, Geneticdiversity, Syrian coast.

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The Contribution of Plant Improvement to the Color Change of Flowering Ornamental Plants Throughout History

Fatema Abdrahman^*(1) and Mohammed Hisham AlNasan⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Applied Science History, Institute of Arab Scientific Heritage, Aleppo University

(*Corresponding author: Fatema Abdrahman. E-Mail: fa573507@gmail.com).

Received: 13/11/2018 Accepted: 01/01/2019

Abstract

The research aimed to highlight the important aspect of agricultural science in the books of Arab agriculture in the period studied, namely, changing the color of flowers and obtaining new colors using simple, easy and inexpensive methods that can be applied. These methods were: Saffron and Nile or change the PH value of the soil by adding acid or by hybridization and obtain a new color different from the color of the parents. It was noticed that there were only five scholars of agriculture interested in this subject viz. Ibn al- Awam al- Andalusi and his book is: Alfilaha Alandalusia, Anonymous author and his book is: Miftah Alrraha Li Ahl Alfalaha, Radi Aldiyn Alghazi and his book is: Jamie Fawayid Almilaha Fi Jawamie Fawayid Alfalaha, Abdul Ghani Al Nabulsi and his book: Elim Almilaha Fi Elim Alfilaha and Alhusayni and his book: Misbah Alfalah Fi Altib Walziraea. It was found that Ibn- al- Awam was a forerunner in this field compared to the other of the agricultural scientists aforementioned, and as he was the only one who was unique in the method of hybridization, and Arab agricultural scientists had preceded the modern science in changing the color of flower, and developed the principles of the science of improvement and hybridization, and they built the foundation on which genetics was based.

Key words: Flower color, Plant improvement, Arabic farming books plant, Botanic heritage.

Full Paper in Arabic: Word