Category Archives: V7N2-April 2020

Effect of Dates of Foliar Application by Micronutrients on ‎Some Growth and Productivity Characteristics of Olive Tree ‎‎(Kaisi cv.)‎

Amani Berawi*(1) Abd Al-Gani Khorchid(2) Mahammad Manhal Al-Zoubi(3) Ayham Asbah(1) and Saher Al-Bakeer(4)

(1). Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Hama, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria

(2). Department of soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria.

(4). Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Hama, (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria.

(5). Department of horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Amani Berawi. E-Mail: eng.amani199001@gmail.com).

Received: 16/12/2018                               Accepted: 08/02/2019

Abstract

The experiment was carried out in an olive orchard, Hama Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during 2016 and 2017 seasons in order to study the effect of foliar application dates by micronutrients on some vegetative, floral and productivity characteristics of olive tree (Kaisi cv.). The trees of the experiment were selected to be homogeneous in growth and age as possible. The foliar fertilizer contained all the necessary minor elements, and was sprayed in a constant concentration to all treatments (0.5 g/L) in different dates: one spray F1 (Before inflorescence), twice spray applications F2 (Before inflorescence and after fruit set) or three times F3 (Before inflorescence, after fruit set and one month before harvest date), in addition to the control without spraying (for comparison). The experiment was designed according to complete randomized block design, with three replicates for each treatment. The results showed that F2 treatment was significantly superior compared to other treatments except F 3 treatment, in term of vegetative growth traits. Thus, the effect of the foliar fertilizer on fruit set ratio and production had been obvious. The treatment F2 gave the highest productivity (34.27 kg) whereas F0 and F3 treatments gave (24.11 and 33.16 kg/tree respectively).

Key words: Olive, Micro-elements, Dates of foliar spray, Kaisi cultivar.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Studying the Effect of Using Several Systems of Soil ‎Management on Some Growth and Productivity Parameters ‎of Apple Trees Var. Golden delicious

Tahani Kousa*(1) and Rasheed Kharboutly(1)

(1).Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Tahani Kousa. E-Mail: tahanikousa@hotmail.com).

Received: 16/07/2019                               Accepted: 03/08/2019

Abstract

This study was conducted during the years 2014 and 2015 on 10-year-old apple trees var. Golden delicious  which planted in Kassab town, Latakia governorate to determine the effect of using  four soil management systems (tillage,  service corridors greening, tillage with a cover crop and  herbicides) on the growth and productivity of apple trees. The results showed that the best growth and the largest production of apple trees were in the mixed system of soil management (tillage + cultivation vetch in autumn). The highest average of fruit weight (157.50 g) was in the greening system of service corridors by planting grass plants. In addition, there were no significant differences in the growth and production of apple trees between the two soil service management (mixed system and herbicide).

Key words: Soil management, Apple tree, Golden delicious.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Pollination Patterns of some Olive (Olea europaea L.) ‎Varieties on the Quantitative and Morphological Traits of ‎Fruits and Seeds ‎

Tala Al Fozo*(1)

(1). Homs Agricultural Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Tala Al Fozo. E-Mail: talalfo544@gmail.com).

Received: 31/08/2019                               Accepted: 27/10/2019

Abstract

This research was carried out during the period (2016- 2018) at Homs Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria, in order to study the effect of pollination types (self, cross, and free pollination) of some olive varieties (Olea europaea) on qualitative and quantities traits of fruits and seeds. According to the cross- pollination of olive varieties namely, AlKaissi (♀), Al Beareny (♂), Al Sorani (♂), and Al–Frantoio (♂), the results showed that there were some changes in qualitative characteristics (fruits and seed shape) beside some quantitative changes i.e.  fruit and seed weight, more over the self-compatibility of Al Beareny was partial. The varieties Al Beareny,  Al Sorani and Al–Frantoio can’t be considered as a good pollinators. Also, the results showed the effect of crossing of Al–Frantoio (♀) X Jlot (♂) was on the quantitative characteristics of fruits and seed. Moreover Jlot variety was self-incompatibility. Whereas Jlot variety was a pollinator for  Frantoio. Besides, the effect of crossing of Al–Shamlali (♀) X Jlot (♂) was on the quantitative characteristics of fruits and seed. Moreover Al–Shamlali variety was self-compatibility. Whereas Jlot variety was a pollinator for  Al–Shamlali.

Key words: Olea europaea L., Cross-pollination, Self-compatibility.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Lunar Agriculture in the Books of Arab Agriculture Between ‎the Centuries (6-12H/ 12-18 AD)‎

Fatema AbdAlrahman*(1) and Mohammed Hisham AlNaasan(1)

(1). Department of Applied Science History, Institute of Arab Scientific Heritage, Aleppo University. Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Fatemaa Abraman. E-Mail: fa573507@gmail.com).

Received: 03/12/2018                               Accepted: 26/01/2019

Abstract

The research aimed to focus on the genius of Arab agriculture scientists in the field of meteorology; the linkage between the cosmic aspects to an important aspect of agriculture, to determine the best dates for sowing the seeds of plant and the cultivation of leaf, vegetative and root crops, and the best date for conducting the agricultural practices such as pruning, weeding, irrigation and harvesting, according to the moon phase, i.e. the phases of lunar shining, Badr and Mehaq and between them from the first, second and third quadrants, in addition to correlate with the ascending and descending moon track to achieve the best results in accelerating and improving growth, concentration of aromatic oils in the vegetative parts of aromatic leafy plants and increasing the active ingredient in medicinal plants. When the moon in the ascending track it sends magnetic energy that attracts the plant’s juices and concentrates it in the peripheral parts, so the active ingredients increased, and it considered the best time  to take the peripheral parts. On the other hand, when the moon is in the descending track in front of the towers, the moon sends energy that affects the roots and stimulates their activity, and it considered the best time for irrigation, where the root absorption of water is increased and therefore the quantities of waste water can be saved. Because of the importance of this subject, it was studied by the agriculture scientists in the period of time between the two centuries (6-12HD/ 12-18AD), and it was found that they had preceded the scientists of the west and modern science. The Arab scientist were the first who talked about it, and Ibn-Al- Awam Aladalusi of the century (6HD/12AD), was the pioneer in this field, he explained the reality of what the scholars of agriculture had said by the comparison of their theories with the theories of modern science, namely the tidal mechanism and Newton’s physical laws.  

Key words: Lunar agriculture, Moon phases, Arab agriculture book, Agricultural heritage.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

The Effect of Grafting Method and Initial Compatibility of ‎Grafting between some Prunus cerasia Blanche and Almonds ‎Cultivars

Mohammad Nizam*(1) Haitham Ismael(2) and Hafez Mahfoud(3)

(1). Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Biotechnology Research, GCSAR, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Nizam. E-Mail: mohammad.nizam85@hotmail.com).

Received: 21/07/2019                               Accepted: 09/09/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out during 2017 and 2018 on 24 shrubs of Prunus cerasia Blanche which naturally prevailing on 12 sites in the Syrian coast, to determine the initial compatibility of a collection of almonds cultivars (plum, peach and apricot) and P. cerasia rootstock. The findings showed that the plum cultivar was more significant (at 5% level) than apricot and peach cultivars in terms of grafting survival percentage, average length and thickness of annual shoots for both tongue grafting and T-budding methods. In addition, the apricot cultivar was more significant than peach cultivar in terms of grafting survival percentage and shoots length. The peach was more significant than studied apricot cultivar in terms of average of shoots thickness. LK1 and LK2 in Kassab location showed the best grafting results, where the grafting survival percentage, average shoot length and thickness were the highest for grafting with plum cultivar (86.66%, 48.16 cm, 3.9 mm) and (100%, 57 cm, 6.16 mm), respectively for both grafting methods.

Key words: Wild plum, Grafting method, Degree of compatibility.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Study the Productivity and Qualitative Characteristics of ‎Grafting Muskmelon Palmeta F1 on Some Pumpkins ‎Rootstocks in Al-Ghab Region

Bassam Ibrahim Alsayed*(1) Ahmad Majed Jalloul(1) and Nasr and Sheikh Suleiman(1)

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.  

 (٭Corresponding author: Eng. Bassam Ibrahim Alsayed. E-mail: bsssa2014@gmail.com).

Received: 07/12/2018                               Accepted: 31/01/2019

Abstract

This research was carried out at Al-Ghab, Hama Province, during the two agricultural seasons 2016 and 2017, to study the effect of some rootstocks on productivity quantitatively and qualitatively. The experimental design was randomized completely blocks design. The hybrid muskmelon Palmeta F1 was grafted on three rootstocks namely; Forza F1, Jawad F1, and Lagenaria siceraria. Mol, in addition to the control, and each treatment replicated 4 times. The results showed that grafting contributed to a significant increase in the average of total productivity and marketing, which attained the highest values in the plants grafted on pumpkin rootstock  Lagenaria siceraria. Mol (5.85, 5.29 tons/dunum) compared to the control (2.33, 1.98 tons / dunum), respectively. Also, the grafted plants showed a significant increase in the thickness of the cortex, the size of the seed cavity and the firmness of the fruits. The chemical content of the fruits showed a significant decrease in the ratio of dry matter and total soluble solids of the plants that were grafted on the Jawad F1, and pumpkin Lagenaria siceraria. Mol rootstocks compared with the control and the plants that were grafted on Forza F1 rootstock. While the fruits of the grafted plants had high content of vitamin C compared to the control which gave the lowest value (12.49 mg/100 g).

Keywords: Muskmelon, Grafting, Rootstocks, Productivity, Vitamin C.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

The Effect of IBA (Indol-3-Butyric Acid) Treatment on ‎Rooting of Some Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) ‎Rootstock Genotypes

Tharwat Salim Khaddour*(1) Hafiz Mohammad Mahfouz(1) and Mazen Ali Nassour(2)

(1). Scientific Agricultural Research Center of Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Tharwat Saleem Redwan. E-Mail: tharwat.redwan@yahoo.com). 

Received: 26/06/2019                               Accepted: 27/09/2019

Abstract

This study was conducted at glasshouse of ACSAD  nursery in Lattakia, during (2018 and 2019) using four genotypes of Rosa damascene (RD1, RD2, RD3 and RD4) treated with three different concentrations of IBA i.e.500, 1000 and 2000 ppm in addition to the control treatment 0 ppm, in order to determine the best concentration of IBA. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with two factors in four replicates. The results indicated that the use of  IBA encouraged the rooting at different rates according to the genotype and the concentration of IBA. Treatments (1000 and 2000) ppm were significantly higher than the other treatments in rooting rate (%(89.8- 88.27 respectively. The response of the rootstocks to IBA differed according to the studied genotypes. Genotypes RD1 and RD2 were superior when treated with 2000 ppm concentration in root percentage (90.2- 90.3)%, callus creation (80- 81)%, root number (8 and 8.1) and root length (5.41 and 5.4) cm respectively.

Keywords: Rosa damascena, Propagation, rootstock, Auxin IBA, Genotypes.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Pruning and Foliar Spray with Nutritious Solution ‎‎(Huzone) on Quality of Watermelon Fruit (Niagara cv.) Under ‎the Conditions of Deir Al-Zour Governorate

Fawaz Al-haji Abboud(1) Ibrahim Al-Shetewi(1) and Nada Huseen ALAmeir*(1)

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alfurat University, Deir Al-Zour, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Nada Huseen ALAmeir. E-Mail: nadaa10074@gmail.com).

Received: 16/11/2018                               Accepted: 29/01/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out during 2017 and 2018 at a private farm in Deir Al-Zour in Agawat area on red watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) Niagara cultivar. The aim was to study the effect of different methods of pruning and foliar spray with nutritious solution on the quality of watermelons fruit by using different concentrations of the nutrient solution (Husone) (0, 2, 4 and 6) cm3\l per plant. The first time of spray was at the second real leaf formation, and the second spray was at the beginning of , while the third application was before two weeks of fruits maturity. Four pruning methods were followed, the first (A) was to keep three stems per plant and keep one fruit in each stem, the second (B)  was to keep four stems per plant and keep one fruit in each stem, the third (C) was to keep five stems per plant and keep one fruit in each stem, and the control (without pruning). The experiment was laid out according to RCBD (factorial) with four replications. The results showed  that there was a significant effect of pruning and Husone concentration in all studied traits. The control (without pruning) and the concentration of 0 cm3/L achieved the highest percentage of moisture in the fruits, which attained (94-93.6%) for the first and second seasons respectively, while the lowest value was when the plants pruned with four branches and sprayed with a concentration of 6 cm /L of Husone. The highest value of soluble solids was achieved when using the pruning method (A) with a concentrations of (4 and 6) cm3/L for the first and second seasons, while the lowest value was attained in the control which was not sprayed with Husone and reached (0.10 and 0.11%) for the first and second seasons, respectively. The results showed that the interaction between the pruning and Husone concentrations had a clear effect on the content of ascorbic acid in fruits, which reached the highest content when using the pruning method (A) with a concentration of 6 cm3/L (9 and  9.8 mg/100 g) for the first and second seasons respectively. The values ​​decreased significantly in the control which was not sprayed with Husone. The highest fruit weight was achieved when using the pruning method (A) with a concentration of 4 cm3/L (9 and  10.7 Kg/fruit) for the first and second seasons respectively. while the lowest value was attained in the control which was not sprayed with Husone and reached (4.4 and 5 Kg/fruit) for the first and second seasons, respectively.

Key words: Watermelon, Nutrient solution (Huzone), Pruning, Fruits quality.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Relationship of the Polymorphisms Resulted from Point ‎Mutations (G2572T and G2688C) on the HSP70 Gene with ‎the Productive Traits of Holstein Cows

Bashar Adham Ahmad*(1) and Wasan Jassim Al-Khazraji(2)

(1). Department of Animal Production,  College of Agriculture, Diyala University, Iraq.

 (2). Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Bashar Adham Ahmad. E-Mail: basharadh83@gmail.com).

Received: 27/02/2020                               Accepted: 29/03/2020

Abstract

The research was conducted at Taj Al-Nahrain Cows Station, located in Al-Qadisiya Governorate, Diwaniya District, which is 180 km from the center of Baghdad, for the period (19/3/2018 to 20/3/2019) and molecular genetic analyzes were conducted at the laboratory of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad. The samples were sent to the Korean Macrogen Corporation to read the sequence of nitrogenous bases for the HSP70 gene, and the relationship between the genetic variation caused by the two mutations was examined with the traits of milk (daily milk production, total milk production, peak production, persistence of production and length of milk season) and milk components (fat ratio, non-fat solids, density, protein ratio and lactose ratio) and the heat tolerance coefficient (summer heat tolerance coefficient, autumn heat tolerance coefficient, winter heat tolerance coefficient and general heat tolerance coefficient). The results showed the presence of the first mutation (G2572T) in three genotypes (GG=26 GT=14 TT=13) and allele frequency of (G 0.62 and T 0.38), while the second mutation (G2688C) appeared in two genotypes (GG=50 GC=3)  and allele frequency of (G 0.97 and C 0.03), and the first mutation (G2572T) did not show significant effect on milk production traits, but significantly affected the fat ratio, where the individuals which were carrying the mutant genotype TT were superior. While the wild genotype GG significantly surpassed the two genotypes GT and TT in non-fatty solids, density, protein ratio and lactose ratio and the autumn and winter heat tolerance coefficient and general heat tolerance coefficient. The second mutation (G2688C) had no significant effect in the all traits.

Key words: Cow Holstein, Heat tolerance coefficient, Gene HSP70.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Protection of Nephrotoxicity Caused by Anti-Cancer Agents in ‎Hamster Using Some Nutrition Compounds

Fadi Al-Mohammad*(1) and  Amad Hamdi Mokresh(2)

(1). Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hamah University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Fadi Al-Mohammad. E-mail: fadi71985@gmail.com).

Received: 06/09/2019                               Accepted: 17/10/2019

Abstract

The experiment was conducted on (108) of adult hamsters, at the laboratory of pathology in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Hama, with the aim of studying the effect of honey, ginseng and vitamin E on nephrotoxicity after peritoneal injection of anti-cancer agents (doxorubicin and cisplatin) in hamsters, and to determine the extent of preventive effect for these materials on nephrotoxicity. The ages of hamster ranged from 3.5 to 4 months and their weights between 60-70 grams. The experimental animals were divided into nine groups, (12) hamsters in each group, according to the following: G1 (control), G2 (injection of anti-cancer without oral administration of any substance), G3 (anti-cancer injection + oral administration of honey), G4 (anti-cancer injection + oral administration of vitamin E), G5 (anti-cancer injection + oral administration of ginseng), G6 (anti-cancer injection + oral administration of honey and vitamin E), G7 (anti-cancer injection + oral administration of honey and ginseng), G8 (anti-cancer injection + oral administration of ginseng and vitamin E), G9 (anti-cancer injection + oral administration of honey, ginseng and vitamin E). The experiment continued for 6 weeks, after peritoneal injection of anticancer agents. Clinical symptoms were studied, and blood samples were taken from the lateral venous plexus of the eye at the end of the 6th week to measure serum creatinine by Jaffe’s reaction method, then the anatomy of hamsters were executed to study histopathological changes of the kidney. The peritoneal injection with anti-cancer agents led to many clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, neurological disorders, loss of appetite and hair loss. The blood changes were in the form of high serum creatinine level which indicated to the damage of kidney and low glomerular filtration rate, but the histopathological changes were in the form of necrotic epithelial cells lining the renal tubules, necrosis of the renal glomerules and loss of their structure and building. It was also noted that oral administration of protective materials (honey, ginseng and vitamin E), led to the reduction of clinical symptoms, reduction of creatine levels, and preservation of the kidney histological structure in experimental animals. Therefore, The study recommends the use of these preventive materials during treatment with anti-cancer agents.

Key words: Anti-cancer agents, Nephrotoxicity, Hamster.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF