Tag Archives: Grain yield

Combining Ability and Gene Action in Single Crosses of ‎Maize (Zea mays L.) Using (Line×Tester) Method

Reem Saleem Ali*(1)   Samir AL-Ahmad(2)   Bolous Khoury(3)

(1). Agricultural Research Center of Lattakia, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center of Tartous, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Field Crops department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Eng. Reem Ali. E-Mail: reem.s.ali@gmail.com).

Received: 11/03/2019                               Accepted: 01/06/2019

Abstract

The present research was conducted at Lattakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria, to study combining ability and gene action of ear length (cm), number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, and grain yield (ton/ha). Thirty crosses produced using Line × Tester method (10 × 3) in 2016 season which were evaluated during 2017 season. The experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results indicated that non-additive gene action was more important than additive gene action in controlling all traits. The ratios σ2GCA/σ2SCA was less than one for all traits. General Combining Ability (GCA) effects showed that the lines (IL.291), (IL.358), and (IL.322) had good general combiners for grain yield. Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects showed that the crosses (IL.21×IL.155), (IL.21×IL.1), (IL.121×IL.200), (IL.121×IL.322), (IL.121×IL.291) and (IL.197×IL.98) were the best F1 cross combination for grain yield. The Lines showed the highest contribution ratios in variation of grain yield (77.9%), ear length (42.8%) and number of rows per ear (61.8%), while the crosses showed the highest contribution ratios for number of kernels per row (65.9%).

Key words: Maize, Grain yield, Combining ability, Line × tester.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for ‎Agro-Morphological Traits in Lentil (Lens culinaris) ‎Genotypes

Dinesh Ghimire*(1) Aatish Gurung(1) Sushmita Kunwar(1) Archana Paudel(1) Rajendra Prasad Poudel(1) and Ganga Ram Kohar(2)

(1). Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Paklihawa Campus,    Rupandehi, Nepal.

(2). Andhra University, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Varanasi – 221 005, India.           

(*Corresponding author: Dinesh Ghimire. E-Mail: dineshghimire01@gmail.com).

Received: 19/04/2020                               Accepted: 13/05/2020

Abstract

Assessing variability and correlations for agro-morphological traits of lentil are the important aspects in the development of lentil varieties. Six lentil genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications at Agronomy Research Farm of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal during winter season of 2018/19 to assess the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for agro-morphological traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all traits. The values of Phenotypic Coefficient of Variance (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variance (GCV) for all the characters, and the number of pods per plant exhibited high estimates of both PCV and GCV indicating substantial scope of improvement through selection. The number of secondary branches showed the highest PCV (0.89) and GCV (0.50) whereas the lowest PCV (0.02) and GCV (0.00) were recorded for date to 50% maturity. High heritability (0.62) coupled with high genetic advance (192.63) as percent mean was observed for the grain yield. Grain yield showed positive and significant phenotypic correlation with number of pods per plant (r=0.424) and plant height (r=0.420). The highest positive direct effects were observed in plant height followed by number of grains per pods, number of secondary branches and number of pods per plant; suggesting the importance of these characters and the necessity of adopting them as selection criteria for grain yield improvement.

Key words: Lentil, Grain yield, Heritability, Correlation, Path analysis.

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The Effect of Potassium Fertilization on the Tolerance of ‎Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Sham 6) to Water Stress

Bothena Omran(1) and  Ghiath A. Alloush*(1)

(1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ghiath A. Alloush. Email: galloush@scs-net.org).

Received: 21/11/2019                               Accepted: 11/01/2020

Abstract

A pot experiment was conducted at a greenhouse during the growing season 2016/2017 to study the effect of water stress (FC=65 and 75%) on growth and productivity in the presence and absent of K fertilization (0 and 100 mg K/kg soil). Two control treatments at (0 and 100 mg K/kg soil) watered to 100% of FC were also included. Water stress was implemented during the whole life cycle of wheat crop and at three different wheat phonological stages: up to ending of tillering, up to beginning of spike heading, and up to beginning of grain filling. Water stress was then relieved and plants were watered to 100% of FC. Regardless of K application, water stress at 65 and 75% of FC decreased total number of tillers which mostly remained weak and unfertile compared to the control plants. The application of K to plants grown at 100% of FC increased the number of fertile tillers. Wheat plants subjected to 65 and 75% of FC water stress up to grain filling were unable to compensate for the lost fertile tillers after the stress was relieved. Whereas, stressed plants at tillering and spike emerging stages were able to compensate and increased number of fertile spikes not only similar, but even higher than those obtained for control plants. The decrease in grain weight per spike of main stem and tillers less apparent at 75% of FC, and that K application had no significant effect among treatments of the different water stress stages. The effect of water stress at different growth stages and K fertilization on the number of fertile tillers and weight of grain in spikes influenced grain productivity. Imposing continuous water stress led to decrease grain yield from 11.78 to 4.28 and 7.44 ton/ha at 65 and 75% of FC, respectively, in case of no K application. The decrease in grain yield for the same treatments were from 11.94 to 4.89 and 7.75 ton/ha in the presence of K application. In treatments subjected to water stress up to spike emerging stage yielded 7.44 and 8.58 ton/ha at 65 and 75% of FC  and no K application, and 7.77 and 9.16 ton/ha for the same treatments receiving K application. Water stress at 65 and 75% of FC at tillering stage had small reducing effect on grain yield and produced as much as 90 and 97% of the grain yield of the control plants without K application. Grain yield was 91 and 99% of the yield in the control treatments receiving K application.

Key words: Bead wheat,Water stress, Potassium, Grain yield, Grain protein

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Determination of Some Selection Indices in Wild Chickpea

Ghada Ahmad*(1) Maysoun Saleh(1) and Yousef Wjhani(1)

(1). Genetic Resources Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Ghada Ahmad. E-Mail:  ghadaahmad245@gmail.com).

Received: 01/10/2018                                Accepted: 21/11/2018

Abstract

16 genotypes belong to eight wild annual genotypes of chickpea which represented the common species in west Asia and north Africa were planted in Dara’a Research Centre (Ezra Station), General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Researche (GCSAR) in addition to local chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during 2011/2012 season in Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD with three replications, in order to study the correlation between studied traits and to determine selection indices for chickpea grain yield via path analysis to figure out direct and indirect effects and to define their contribution% in grain yield. The studied traits were (days to maturity, flower peduncle height, plant height, pod number per plant, first pod height, grain number per plant, hundred grain weight and grain yield per plant). Results showed that grain yield had a positive significant correlation with each of pod number and grain number per plant and hundred grain weight (0.615**, 0.633**, 0.606**) respectively, and with flower peduncle height (0.514*), and had negative correlation with days to maturity (-0.412*). Results of path coefficient analysis showed that all studied traits contributed  in grain yield in a rate of 65.2%, and the direct effect for each of pod number per plant and hundred grain weight on grain yield were high and positive (0.8066, 0.5122) respectively, while high but negative for each of days to maturity and grain number per plant and medium and negative for the first pod height and low and negative for flower peduncle height (-0.1709). Results showed also that pod number per plant had  the highest contribution in grain yield as a direct effect 65.07)) %, followed by the indirect and cooperate effect of number pod per plant and hundred grain weight (39.38) % then the direct effect of hundred grain weight (26.23) %, so they could be considered as selection indices for grain yield in chickpea.

Key words: Contribution%, Correlation, Path coefficient, Grain yield, Wild chickpea.

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Evaluation Some Agronomic Traits in Some Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Genotypes

Yousef Wjhani*(1) and Maysoun Saleh(1) and Nader Alkarki(2)

(1). Genetic Resources Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Dara’a Agricultural Centre, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Yousef Wjhani. E-Mail: yowj2015@hotmail.com).

Received: 03/10/2018                                Accepted: 19/12/2018

Abstract

Thirteen local and entries tetraploid genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were planted at Izra’a Station (Dar’a Centre), General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, during three seasons (2013/2014, 2014/2015 and 2015/2016) under rainfed conditions, in addition to the local variety Sham3 as a check in a Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD with three replications. The studied traits were (days to maturity, plant height, spike number per plant, spike length, weight of grain per spike, weight of thousand grains and individual plant grain yield) in order to evaluate the variance between genotypes and seasons and the interaction between them, and to define the superior genotypes to provide them to the breeding programs. Results showed that the genotype wheat1527 was significantly superior in spike length, grain weight per spike, thousand grains weight, and individual plant grain in a rate of 36.92, 32.10, 21.43 and 36.47% respectively, compared to the check variety Sham3. Results also showed that the genotype wheat 1471 was significantly superior in spike number in a rate of 23.07% comparing to the check Sham3 as the number of spikes in plant was (10.67, 8.67) for each of them respectively. Each of plant grain yield, spike length, spike number per plant and days to maturity were all significantly superior during the season 2016 comparing to both seasons 2014 and 2015.

Key words: Genotypes, Durum wheat, Grain yield.

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Evaluation of Bio-fortified Wheat Genotypes for Grain Yield, Zinc and Iron Content

Rajendra Prasad Yadav*(1) Madhav Prasad Pandey(2) Bishnu Raj Ojha(2) Dhruba Bahadur Thapa(3) Jiban Shrestha(3) and Krishna Hari Ghimire(4)  

(1). National Wheat Research Program, Bharahawa, Lumbini, Rupandehi, Nepal.

(2). Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

(3). Agriculture Botany Division, NARC, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal

(4). National Agriculture Genetic Resources Centre, NARC, Khumaltar, Nepal

(*Corresponding author: Rajendra Prasad Yadav. E-Mail: rajendrapyadav15@gmail.com).

Received: 02/05/2018                                Accepted: 01/10/2018

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal during November to April, 2015/2016 with the objective of identifying high yielding, zinc and iron rich bio-fortified spring wheat genotypes.  A total of 27 wheat genotypes selected from 5th Harvest Plus Yield Trial (HPYT), were evaluated along with three check genotypes (Tilottama, BAJ#1 and KACHU#1) using Alpha Lattice design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed significant (P≤0.05) differences among the genotypes for days to maturity, plant height, spike length, number of grains/spike, 1000-kernels weight, grain yield and grain zinc and iron content. The wheat genotype namely Neloki/3/ IWA8600211//2*PBW343*2/Kukuna produced the highest grain yield (3.953 kg/ha) followed by Francolin#1/3/ Croc_1/Ae. squarrosa (210)//2*PBW343*2/Kukuna (3.870 kg/ha) and C80.1/3*Batavia//2*WBLL1/3/Attila/3*BCN*2//Bav92/4/WBLL1*2/Kuruku/5/IWA8600211//2*PBW343*2/Kukuna (3.839 kg/ha). The grain Fe content ranged from 35.33 to 49.03 ppm whereas grain Zn ranged from 22.76 to 34.03 ppm among the evaluated genotypes. The highest grain Zn content was found in Croc_1/Ae.squarrosa(210)//Inqalab91*2/Kukuna/3/PBW343*2/Kukuna (34.03 ppm), whereas the highest grain Fe content was  recorded in  TRCH/Srtu//Kachu/5/Toba97/Pastor/3/T.dicocconPI94624/Ae.squarrosa(409)//BCN/4/BL1496/Milan//PI610750 (49.03 ppm). Based on the high grain yield and the grain Zn and Fe content, the wheat genotype namely Neloki/3/ IWA8600211//2*PBW343*2/Kukuna was identified a promising genotype and can be further evaluated and promoted as a candidate variety. A positive correlation (r=0.237) was observed between grain Fe and Zn content. The studied wheat genotypes could be valuable resources for the development of Zn and Fe enriched wheat varieties to address the malnutrition problem in Nepal.

 Keywords: Bio-fortified wheat, Grain yield, Iron content, Zinc content.

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Using SSM Model to Simulate Growth of Durum Wheat “Cham 7” Under Gradual Levels of Supplemental Irrigation

Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban*(1) Ahmad Alhafez(2) Abdullah Al-Yousef(2) and Osama Al-Issa(3)

(1). Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Technical Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Aleppo Research Center, General Community for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). General Organization of Seed Multiplication, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban. E-Mail: Shaabany57@gamail.com).

Received: 08/03/2018                                Accepted: 05/09/2018

Abstract

The study was conducted to compare the effect of supplemental irrigation levels on some productivity traits and water use efficiency of durum wheat variety “Cham 7”, and use SSM simulation model to study the effect of supplemental irrigation scenarios on water consumption and grain yield (GY). For that, the study was carried out in two steps: the first one was a field experiment with completely randomized block design with three replications during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 seasons at Srbaya Research Station. Three treatments of supplemental irrigation were used i.e. 33%, 66% and 95%, in addition to the rainfed treatment as a control. Water balance and water consumption were estimated depended on neutron prop readings. Yield and its components were taken at maturity. The second step was a simulation study using SSM simulation model based on daily climatic data during the period 2001-2011. The irrigation water quantities were added at rain rate at three dates according to results of field experiment. The results of field experiment showed an increase in grain yield of 72% and 59% for each season when using supplemental irrigation at 95% compared with the control. Significant differences were found in grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and weight of thousand grains for the two studied years. In addition, simulation results showed an existence of high significant differences for the studied traits. Positive regression correlation was observed between water use efficiency and GY, and between transpiration efficiency and GY. In addition, results showed that the supplemental irrigation subscribes to increase the grain yield of durum wheat crop in percentages 23.7, 40.7 and 49.2%, with increase of evapotranspiration values in a values of 21.8, 39.3 and 52% for treatments 33%, 66% and 95% respectively compared to the control (rainfed), and the increasing ratio of evaporation did not exceed 7.5% in extremes. When these ratios were transformed on country level, the adding of supplemental irrigation will increase national production of durum wheat about 201, 339 and 407 thousand tons for treatments 33%, 66% and 95% respectively compared with the control (rainfed).

Key Words: Simulation, Supplemental irrigation, Water balance, Evaporation, Transpiration Efficiency, Grain yield, Durum wheat.

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Effect of Spraying with Humic Acids and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Some Growth and Productivity Traits of Maize (Var. Gouta82)

Wafaa Suleiman Khedr*(1)

(1). Crops Field Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Wafaa Suleiman Khedr. E-Mail: ghassankdr@gmail.com).

Received: 10/03/2018                                Accepted: 03/10/2018

Abstract

The research was conducted during 2017season at a field in Talkalakh region in Western Area of Homs governorate. The research objectives were to study the effect of spraying humic acids 2.5cm3/l and adding nitrogen fertilizer on growth and productivity of maize variety (Gouta82). Three treatments of humic acids were used: control, one time of spraying after 15 days of planting and two times of spraying humic acids (the first one after 15 days of planting while the second one after 30 days of planting). Four levels of nitrogen fertilizer were used i.e. 0,60,90 and 120 kgN/ha. Spilt – plot design with three replications was applied. Humic acids treatment were allocated in the main plots but nitrogen fertilizer treatments were represented in the sub plots. Results showed that increasing number of spraying humic acids to two times caused an increase in: number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, plant height, ear characters, grain yield and its components. Also, increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels caused an increase in: number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, plant height, ear characters, grain yield and its components. Spraying humic acids two times and adding 120 kgN/ha  gave the highest grain yield (7229.25) kg/ha.

Key words: Zea maize, Humic acids, Nitrogen fertilizer, Grain yield.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Genotype x Environment Interaction and Stability for Grain Yield of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum Geartn)

Manoj Kandel(1) and Jiban Shrestha*(2)

 

(1). Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Hill Crops Research Program (HCRP), Baiteshwor-4, Kabre, Dolakha, Nepal.

(2). Agriculture Botany Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal.

(*Corresponding author: manojkandel24@gmail.com).

Received: 23/08/20219                               Accepted: 05/09/2019

Abstract

Stability analysis is an important step in developing cultivars. Seven buckwheat genotypes were evaluated at hilly regions of Nepal namely Dolakha, Ramechhap, Solukhumbu, Kaski, Dailekh, Surkhet, Jumla and Doti districts during winter seasons of 2017 and 2018 using randomized complete block design with three replications to identify stable and high yielding genotypes. The genotype × environment interaction for grain yield was significant (P≤0.05). The genotypes ACC#2227-1 (1.62 t/ha) and ACC#2223-1 (1.52 t/ha) were found higher sensitive to environment and produced higher mean grain yield across the locations. Joint regression analysis showed that genotypes ACC#2227-1 and ACC# 2223-1 had regression coefficient of 1.41 and 1.33, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) for genotypes, ACC#2227-1 and ACC#2223-1 were higher. The GGE biplot analysis showed that ACC#2227-1 and ACC#2223-1 were more stable and adaptive across the locations; therefore, they can be taken for general cultivation.

 Keywords: Buckwheat, G×E interaction, Stability, Grain yield.

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Estimation of Potence Ratio and Heterosis for Some Quantitative Traits in Single Hybrids of Yellow MaizeEstimation of Potence Ratio and Heterosis for Some Quantitative Traits in Single Hybrids of Yellow Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Reem Saleem Ali*(1) Samir AL-Ahmad(2) Bolous Khoury(3)

(1). Agricultural Research Center of Latakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center of Tartous, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Eng. Reem Ali. E-Mail: m.reem.s.ali@gmail.com).

Received: 22/07/2018                              Accepted: 08/10/2018

Abstract

The present research was conducted at the Agriculture Scientific Research Center in Latakia to estimate heterosis and potence ratio for plant height, ear height, ear length, number of rows per ear, 100 seeds weight, and grain yield. Thirty hybrids produced using Line × Tester method (10 × 3) in 2015 season which were evaluated during 2016 season. Results indicated that most of hybrids revealed desirable heterosis values compared with mid and better parents for all of studied traits. The hybrids (IL.21×IL.155), (IL.21× IL.358) and (IL.21× IL.1) showed highly significant and positive heterosis values relative to mid and better parent in grain yield. Results of potence ratio indicated that inheritance of grain yield, plant height, ear length and number of rows per ear, were controlled by over dominance for all of hybrids, while inheritance of ear height and 100 seeds weight were controlled by over dominance for most of hybrids and partial dominance for some of hybrid’s behavior.

Key words: Maize, Heterosis, Potence ratio, Grain yield.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF