Tag Archives: Maize

Combining Ability and Gene Action in Single Crosses of ‎Maize (Zea mays L.) Using (Line×Tester) Method

Reem Saleem Ali*(1)   Samir AL-Ahmad(2)   Bolous Khoury(3)

(1). Agricultural Research Center of Lattakia, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center of Tartous, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Field Crops department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Eng. Reem Ali. E-Mail: reem.s.ali@gmail.com).

Received: 11/03/2019                               Accepted: 01/06/2019

Abstract

The present research was conducted at Lattakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria, to study combining ability and gene action of ear length (cm), number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, and grain yield (ton/ha). Thirty crosses produced using Line × Tester method (10 × 3) in 2016 season which were evaluated during 2017 season. The experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results indicated that non-additive gene action was more important than additive gene action in controlling all traits. The ratios σ2GCA/σ2SCA was less than one for all traits. General Combining Ability (GCA) effects showed that the lines (IL.291), (IL.358), and (IL.322) had good general combiners for grain yield. Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects showed that the crosses (IL.21×IL.155), (IL.21×IL.1), (IL.121×IL.200), (IL.121×IL.322), (IL.121×IL.291) and (IL.197×IL.98) were the best F1 cross combination for grain yield. The Lines showed the highest contribution ratios in variation of grain yield (77.9%), ear length (42.8%) and number of rows per ear (61.8%), while the crosses showed the highest contribution ratios for number of kernels per row (65.9%).

Key words: Maize, Grain yield, Combining ability, Line × tester.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Irrigation Scheduling of Maize Crop Under Different Levels of Sprinkler Irrigation and the Correlation with Some Productivity Traits

Ali Kinjo(1) Jamil Abbas(1) Rabee Zaina(2) andNeveen Hassoun*(1)

(1). Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.                                                                                                                  

(2). Latakia Research Center, General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Neveen Hassoun. E.Mail: nevenhassoon80@gmail.com).

Received: 14/05/2019                                Accepted: 04/07/2019

Abstract

The research was conducted at Sit Kheris Agricultural Station in Latakia Agriculture Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) in Syria, during the season 2018. The maize variety (Gasper) was used. Three levels of irrigation were applied (70, 80 and 90%) of the total water requirements of plant in addition to the control (100%). The experiment was executed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCED) with three replicates. Evapotranspiration values (ETo) were calculated by (Eto calculator ) program and the evaporation values of Class A Basin which were periodically taken in order to study the efficiency of water use efficiency, water  consumption and scheduling crop irrigation, in addition to the study of correlation and regression of productivity, and the most important components of maize variety under the conditions of the Syrian coast. The results showed a positive and strong correlation between ETo values ​​calculated using ETo calculator program and evaporation ETo values that were calculated by Class A basin (r = 0.975). The largest quantity of the total consumption of water was at flowering stage where it ranged between 619.92 m3/ha at the level of (70%) to 885.69 m3/ha at (100%), while the lowest was at the seedling stage where it ranged between 103.32 m3/ha at the level of (70%) to 147.69 m3/ha at (100%). The results also showed that there was a positive correlation between the productivity of the individual plant with the weight of 100 grains (r = 0.963 **) and moderate positive correlation with single leaf area (r=0.605), leaf area (r=0.603*), harvesting index (r = 0.537), and ear length (r = 0.489). The regression showed that applied irrigation program can increase the weight of 100 grains which will lead to an increase in the individual productivity of plant by 92%.

Key words: Irrigation scheduling, Evapotranspiration, Maize, Correlation coefficient, Regression coefficient.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Genetic Behaviour and Heterosis of Grain Yield of Single Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Under Different Salinity Levels

Ahmad Elali Elkhalf*(1) Ahmed El-Shaih Kador(2) Mohammad Jamal Hamandouch(2) and Abed El Karim El Gasem(3)

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Raqqa Research Center

(2). Dept. of Field Crops Science Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo

(3). Cereal Marketing and Store Association, Raqqa, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ahmad Elali Elkhalf. E-Mail: dr.ahmadelkhalf@gmail.com).

Received: 18/01/2018                                Accepted: 07/03/2018

Abstract

This study was carried out at the Scientific Research Center in Raqqah, arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), during the growing seasons 2012-2013-2014, to study of genetic behaviour of 29 genotypes (21 maize hybrids, 7 inbred lines and basel-1was control) under 4 levels of salinity (0, 4, 8, and 12) m moss, to determine mid-parents heterosis (%), and heritability for 100 kernel weight (g) and grain yield (ton/ha). Significant differences were noticed between hybrids in different levels of salinity and the effect of interaction between two factors, salinity and genotype. All hybrids were influenced at 8, and 12 m moss level of salinity, but with different degrees. Seven hybrids had exceeded the control at the level of 8 m moss, and P4XP7 recorded the best value in grain yield (7.633 t/ha) and heterosis value (59.5**) at the same level of salinity. Also, nine hybrids had exceeded the control, and P2XP3 showed the best value in grain yield (5.642 t/ha) and heterosis value (45.8**) at 12 m moss level of salinity.

Key words: Maize, Genetic Behaviour, Heterosis, Salinity.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Estimation of Potence Ratio and Heterosis for Some Quantitative Traits in Single Hybrids of Yellow MaizeEstimation of Potence Ratio and Heterosis for Some Quantitative Traits in Single Hybrids of Yellow Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Reem Saleem Ali*(1) Samir AL-Ahmad(2) Bolous Khoury(3)

(1). Agricultural Research Center of Latakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center of Tartous, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Eng. Reem Ali. E-Mail: m.reem.s.ali@gmail.com).

Received: 22/07/2018                              Accepted: 08/10/2018

Abstract

The present research was conducted at the Agriculture Scientific Research Center in Latakia to estimate heterosis and potence ratio for plant height, ear height, ear length, number of rows per ear, 100 seeds weight, and grain yield. Thirty hybrids produced using Line × Tester method (10 × 3) in 2015 season which were evaluated during 2016 season. Results indicated that most of hybrids revealed desirable heterosis values compared with mid and better parents for all of studied traits. The hybrids (IL.21×IL.155), (IL.21× IL.358) and (IL.21× IL.1) showed highly significant and positive heterosis values relative to mid and better parent in grain yield. Results of potence ratio indicated that inheritance of grain yield, plant height, ear length and number of rows per ear, were controlled by over dominance for all of hybrids, while inheritance of ear height and 100 seeds weight were controlled by over dominance for most of hybrids and partial dominance for some of hybrid’s behavior.

Key words: Maize, Heterosis, Potence ratio, Grain yield.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Genetic Behavior of Some Quantitative Traits of Yellow Maize (Zea mays L.) Single Crosses

Ali Wannows*(1) Samir AL Ahmad(2) Ghassan AL Lahham(1) Razan AL Najjar(1)  Elias Aweel(1) and Reem AL Mansour(1)

(1). Maize Research Department, Crops Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center of Tartous, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ali Wannows. E-Mail: aliwannows@yahoo.com).

Received: 11/02/2017                           Accepted: 27/03/2017

Abstract

Half diallel set of crosses between six inbred lines of maize were executed at Maize Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria, during 2010 and 2011 seasons to study heterosis, general and specific combining ability components for grain yield (ton/ha), ear height, length and diameter (cm), and silking date (day)  compared with control varieties Basel-1 and the hybrid Spirou S-4-985 to identify the best hybrid in terms of yield. Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replicates. General (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability mean squares of the inbred lines, and crosses were significant for all traits, except SCA mean square for ear height. This showed the contribution of additive and non-additive gene action in those traits. The ratio of σ2GCA/σ2SCA showed the dominance of additive gene action for ear height and length, but non-additive gene action for grain yield, and silking date. On the other hand, it indicated additive and non-additive gene action for ear diameter. Heterosis of all hybrids for all traits was significant compared with mid and better parents. The results confirmed that the lines IL.766-06, and IL.792-06 had a good GCA for grain yield, while four hybrids had a good SCA, which means the necessity to be included in yield trails, specifically the hybrid (IL.459-06 × IL.292-06) for grain yield.

Key words: Maize, Half diallel cross, GCA, SCA, Heterosis.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

The Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Manure Biogas on the Productivity of Maize and Some Soil Properties

Lina Maydaa(1) Zuhair Zaher(1) Nabila Kridi*(1) and Haitham Eid(2)

(1). Natural Resources Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2). Tartous Agricultural Research Center, Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Eng. Nabila Kridi. E-Mail: nabilakridi@hotmail.com).

Received: 18/12/2015                           Accepted: 20/04/2016

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the impact of nitrogen fertilizer, and biogas manure on the productivity of hybrid maize crop (cv. Merritt), and some soil properties, at Western Zahid Research Station, Agricultural Research Center of Tartous, GCSAR/Syria, during the seasons 2011, 2012, and 2013. Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) was adopted with three replicates. The treatments were 12 (3 levels of nitrogen fertilizer i.e., 0, 12, and 24 kg/ha, and 4 levels of biogas manure i.e., 0, 6, 8, and 10 l/ m2). The results showed a significant increase in the productivity of maize by increasing the addition of manure biogas and mineral nitrogen fertilizer. The best treatment was fertilized by 24 kg N/ ha, and 10 l/m2 of biogas manure in all three seasons (15.82, 16.31.16.89 ton /ha, respectively). Soil organic matter was increased in most treatments which fertilized with biogas manure. It was observed a gradual increase in the soil organic matter with the increment in manure biogas in the absence of N fertilizers compared with the control. Total nitrogen increased in the soil gradually by increasing the addition of manure biogas. As well as the available phosphorus and potassium in soil increased in all treatments of manure biogas.

Key words: Manure biogas, N fertilizers, Organic matter, Soil properties, Maize.

Full paper in Arabic: The Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Manure Biogas on the Productivity of Maize and Some Soil Properties

Effect of Different Irrigation Methods on Water Use Efficiency of Maize in Homs Governorate

Bassam Oudeh*(1) Boshra Khozam(1) Abd-Al-Karim Jerdy(1) Nedal Khanem(1) and Tallal Al- Abdo(1)

(1). Mokhtaria Research Station, Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Homs, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Bassam Oudeh. Mobile: 0988284819,
E-Mail: B_oudeh@hotmail.com).

Received: 06/06/ 2015                                     Accepted: 07/08/ 2015

Abstract

The study was carried out using different irrigation methods i.e. sprinklers with different spaces 9×9 m, and 12×9 m, drip irrigation GR, surge flow and the traditional surface irrigation as control, at Mokhtaria Research Station, Agricultural Research Center in Homs, Syria, started from 2008 to 2012 seasons. The results showed that using irrigation methods (sprinklers 9x9m, sprinklers 12x9m, drip GR, surge flow drainage 0.75 L/sec/row and surge flow drainage 0.50 L/sec/row) gave an average of gross water consumption as follow: 4313, 4717, 3592, 4617 and 5190 m3/ha, respectively, while the percentage of  irrigation water saving was (49.2, 45.5, 56.5, 51.1, and 45.1%) respectively, and the yield was (6756, 6258, 7278, 6088, and 5818 kg/ha), respectively, and the increase in yield compared with control was (71, 58, 84, 54, and 47%), respectively, gross water use efficiency was (1.57, 1.33, 2.03, 1.32, and 1.12 kg/m3/ha), respectively. The average of gross water consumption of the traditional surface irrigation was 9447 m3/ha with a yield of 3956 ton/ha. The results above showed that drip irrigation (GR) was the best in yield and saving irrigation water, and was the highest in gross water use efficiency as compared with other irrigation methods, and it is recommended to be executed as modern technique for irrigation of maize crop in Homs Governorate.

Key words: Water use efficiency, Different irrigation methods, Maize, yield.

Full paper in Arabic:تأثير استخدام طرائق ري مختلفة على كفاءة استخدام مياه الري لمحصول الذرة الصفراء التكثيفية بمحافظة حمص

Path Coefficient and Correlation of Some Morphological and Yield Components Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Razzan Al Najjar*(1) Saoud Shehab(1) Ghassan Al Lahham(1) Ali Wannous(1)  Sameer Al Ahmad(1) and Thamer Al Henish(1)

(1). Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Razzan Al Najjar. E-Mail: razanhamoda2009@gmail.com)

Received: 26/08/ 2015                                     Accepted: 18/09/ 2015

Abstract

The study carried out at Corn Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus/Syria, during seasons 2011 and 2012, in order to estimate the correlation, and path coefficients of some yield components and morphological traits i.e. number of rows per ear, ear length and ear diameter (cm), number of grains per ear, 100 grain weight (g), grain yield of individual plant (g), plant height, and ear height(cm). In this study SH maize families were used, which are improved by the National Program in Syria. The experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. The results showed a high significant positive correlation between grain yield of the individual plant, and each of plant height (r=0.879 **) ear length, height, and diameter (r=0.587 **, 0.818 **, 0.873 **) respectively, and number of grain per ear (r=0.863 **) and 100 grain weight (r=0.700 **), and number of rows per ear (r=0.798 **). According to that, those traits are considered selection criteria to improve grain yield in maize. The study of path analysis revealed that each of ear diameter, number of grain per row, and ear height, are the most studied traits that contribute of grain yield of individual plant (% 92.2), and thus they could be adopted as a selection criterion, in improving grain yield of maize crop.

Key word: Correlation coefficient, Path coefficient, Individual plant grain yield, Maize.

Full paper in Arabic:

معامل المسار والارتباط لبعض الصفات الشكيلة ومكونات الغلة الحبية في الذرة الصفراء (.Zea mays L)