Tag Archives: Salinity

The Role of Drip Irrigation and Mulch on Changing Soil Moisture and Salinity and its Effect on Cotton Yield

Galia Abdel Majeed(1) Abdel Naser Aldarir(2) Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban(3) and Abdallah AL Yosef*(4)

(1). Research Center of AL-Haskeh, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Rural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). Department of Biotechnologies Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(4). Research Center of Aleppo, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Addullah Al-Youssef, Email: dr.abdalyoussef@gmail.com).

Received: 12/11/2018                                Accepted: 16/12/2018

Abstract

Drip irrigation and mulch is the best methods for increasing in cotton yield. A field experiment was implemented at the Research Station of AL-Hasaka governorate through 2011/2012, using randomized complete block design containing three levels of irrigation: the first treatment (A) was to irrigate 100% of water requirement, when the soil moisture went down to 80% of field capacity, with  sufficient quantity of water to raise the soil moisture to field capacity, and the second  treatment  (B) was irrigated at the same time of (A) treatment, but with 75% of the quantity of A, and the third treatment (C) was also at the same irrigation time, but with half the quantity of (A). Four methods of covering was adopted; drip irrigation without mulching, drip irrigation with white, black plastic film and straw cover as Mulch, with three replicates. The goal of the research was studying the effect of mulch on soil moisture and salinity of the soil profile of cotton, the distance was 35 cm, 17.5 cm, under the drop pipe and its effects on production. The results showed that in mulch condition the soil moisture did not differ all over the pipe, contrary to drip irrigation without mulching treatment in which the soil moisture was higher under drop pipe particularly, while the soil moisture decreased whenever the distance went away from the pipe. Salinity of soil rised whenever soil moisture decreased. Concentration of soil salinity increased in upper section (0-30 cm) in low irrigation treatment (C) and drip irrigation without mulching treatment compared with mulching treatment. So, the production varied between 1019-7081 kg/ha for straw mulch under 50% moisture and white mulch with 100% moisture respectively.

Keywords: Drip irrigation, Salinity, Plastic mulch, Deficit irrigation, Soil moisture, Cotton.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Study of Some Garbage Compost Properties Produced by Wadi Al-Hada Center for Solid Waste Treatment in Tartous

Hasan Alaa Aldeen(1) Saosan Haifa(2) Ibrahim Nishfi(1) and Shafak Harfoush*(1)

(1). Forestry and Environment Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng: Shafak Harfoush. E-Mail: shafakhar@hotmail.com).

Received: 29/04/2018                                Accepted: 23/07/2018

Abstract

The research was carried out at the laboratories of the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, during the period 2/11/2016 to 2/12/2016. It aimed to study some of the compost characteristics of organic matter fermentation at Wadi Al – Huda Center for solid waste treatment in Tartous. Two experiments were carried out to identify the changes in its characteristics, the first experiment after the use in agriculture or over time after storage for a year with three replicates for each treatment, and the second for the compost filter after washing eight times and three replicates per leachate. The results showed good content of the organic material in the three compost treatments (new, planted, stored), and the percentage of organic matter significantly decreased after cultivation, C/N ratio= 1/13 and good content of major essential nutrients. The percentage of heavy elements within the permissible limits, without significant differences between the three treatments, but it was found that the salinity decreases after the use in agriculture and increased after storage significantly, while the value of pH was reduced by insignificant differences after storage and use in agriculture. The increase in the washed compost led to an intestinal increase in the value of pH and a significant decrease in the value of salinity and relative stability in the content of nutrients and heavy elements.

Keywords: Compost, Salinity, Acidity, Heavy elements, Organic matter.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Genetic Behaviour and Heterosis of Grain Yield of Single Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Under Different Salinity Levels

Ahmad Elali Elkhalf*(1) Ahmed El-Shaih Kador(2) Mohammad Jamal Hamandouch(2) and Abed El Karim El Gasem(3)

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Raqqa Research Center

(2). Dept. of Field Crops Science Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo

(3). Cereal Marketing and Store Association, Raqqa, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ahmad Elali Elkhalf. E-Mail: dr.ahmadelkhalf@gmail.com).

Received: 18/01/2018                                Accepted: 07/03/2018

Abstract

This study was carried out at the Scientific Research Center in Raqqah, arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), during the growing seasons 2012-2013-2014, to study of genetic behaviour of 29 genotypes (21 maize hybrids, 7 inbred lines and basel-1was control) under 4 levels of salinity (0, 4, 8, and 12) m moss, to determine mid-parents heterosis (%), and heritability for 100 kernel weight (g) and grain yield (ton/ha). Significant differences were noticed between hybrids in different levels of salinity and the effect of interaction between two factors, salinity and genotype. All hybrids were influenced at 8, and 12 m moss level of salinity, but with different degrees. Seven hybrids had exceeded the control at the level of 8 m moss, and P4XP7 recorded the best value in grain yield (7.633 t/ha) and heterosis value (59.5**) at the same level of salinity. Also, nine hybrids had exceeded the control, and P2XP3 showed the best value in grain yield (5.642 t/ha) and heterosis value (45.8**) at 12 m moss level of salinity.

Key words: Maize, Genetic Behaviour, Heterosis, Salinity.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Salinity and Radiation on Regeneration of Two Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes Callus In vitro

Saadoon AL-Ajeely(1) Shaza Yousif(2) and Zeinab AL-Hussaini*(2)

(1). Faculty of Girl Education, Kufa University, Kufa, Iraq.

(2). Agricultural Research Directorate, Center of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.

(*Correponding author: Dr. Zienab Al-Hussaini. E-Mail: zainab.goldy@yahoo.com).

Received: 07/12/2017                           Accepted: 24/01/2018

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to study effect of radiation and salt levels on plant regeneration from callus for two cultivars of potato i.e. Riviera and Burren, under in vitro condition. Results showed that the efficiency of radiation in induced regeneration from callus in Riviera cultivar at salt level of (10 dS m-1) and Burren cultivar at salt levels (8, 12 dS  m-1). For the purpose of making sure inheritance of salinity tolerant, mutant clones (plants induced from salt tolerant calli, which planted at salt levels of 8, 10, 12 dS m-1 and plants induced from non salt tolerant calli, which planted at salt level of 6 dS m-1) and their parental cultivars (Riviera and Burren) by exposing to salt stress conditions and comparing them with control (6 dS m-1). Results revealed that the lowest percentage of reduction in plant height, number of nods per plant and tuberization were observed in salt tolerant mutants. Plant height and number of nodes/plant can be considered as selective morphological markers for  in vitro salt tolerance .

Key words: Potato,  Radiation,  Salinity, Regeneration, in vitro. 

Full paper in Arabic: PDF