Tag Archives: Heterosis

Genetic Analysis of Some Productivity Traits and Earliness in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Rawaa El-Shiekh Attiea*(1)

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rawaa El-Shiekh Attiea. E-Mail: dr. rawaa3@gmail.com).

Received: 12/11/2019                                Accepted: 31/12/2019

Abstract

Genetic potential, combining ability, heterosis effects and heritability were studied in F1 genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum L., at Cotton Research Station in Deir Ezzor, Syria. Four parental genotypes (Aleppo 33/1 (P1), Deir Ezzor 22 (P2), Line 106 (P3) and Line G73 (P4)) and their six F1 half diallel progenies were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2011 season to study seed cotton yield (S.C.Y.kg/don.); lint percentage (L.P.%) and earliness percentage (E.P.%). Results showed significant (p≤0.01) differences among the genotypes, parents and crosses for seed cotton yield and lint percentage. Significant (p≤0.05) differences were observed for parent vs. crosses indication to average heterosis over all hybrids for the above two traits. For earliness, insignificant differences were showed among genotypes, crosses and parent vs. crosses, but significant (p≤0.05) differences were showed among parents. Results indicated that best genotypes which performed highest mean and general combining ability were: lines 106 and G73 for seed cotton yield; Deir Ezzor 22 for lint percentage and Aleppo 33-1 for earliness percentage. Thus, it could be suggested that these parental varieties could be utilized in a breeding program for improving these traits to pass favorable genes for improving hybrid and subsequently producing improved genotypes through the selection in segregating generations. Best crosses based on mean performance and/or heterosis and/or specific combining ability were Aleppo 33-1*G73 followed by Aleppo 33-1*line 106 for seed cotton yield; Aleppo 33-1*G73 for lint percentage and Line 106*G73 for earliness percentage. Suggesting that these crosses could be used in breeding program to improve such traits. On the other hand, results showed high value of H2b % and low value of H2n%for seed cotton yield,  ascertained that dominance effects had great role in the existence of the variability of this trait, which insure that the expected gain from recurrent back crossing for seed cotton yield would be high in the breeding program. However, estimates of H2b % and H2n% for both of lint percentage and earliness percentage were high. Theses convergence of narrow and broad heritability values revealed that both additive and non-additive gene actions played important roles in the inheritance of these two above traits, so breeding program should contain selection and hybridization for improving these traits.

Kay words: Cotton, Combining ability, Heterosis, Heritability.

Full Paper in English: PDF

Estimation of Heterosis and Combining Ability For the yield Components in Single Crosses of Corn (Zea mays L.)

Haitham A. Sattar Saeid*(1) Azeez H. Majeed(1) and Aziz S. Shallal(1)

(1). Breeding and development Plant Center, Agricultural Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Haitham A. Sattar Saied. E-Mail: abd.hethem@yahoo.com).

Received: 19/09/2019                                Accepted: 20/11/2019

Abstract

The study used half diallel cross among six inbred lines of maize namely (1) DP198, (2) WA245, (3) HK258, (4) SA266, (5) AH401 and (6) IK58 were used. The seeds of inbred lines and its single cross hybrids were grown in an experiment using randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replicates at a field of Research Center of Plant Breeding Improvement (AL-Latefea Station(, during fall season of 2017 to evaluate the hybrids and to estimate heterosis and their general and specific combining ability. The studied characters were; days number to silking and tasseling 75%, plant height, ear diameter and length, number of rows per ear, number of grains per ear, 300 – kernel weight, yield per plant and protein and oil percentages. Some hybrids showed significant heterosis for most studied traits, for the single cross (1× 5) it reached (3.3) for days number of tasseling, and (127.7) for yield per plant. The squares mean of general and specific combining abilities at 0.01 level were highly significant for all traits except protein percentage, which did not appear a significance for general combining ability. Parents differed in their general combining ability effects, the results showed that the parent (6) had positive significant effects for most of the studied traits. So, the two lines (1 and 5) could be used in single hybrid production with desired traits, thereby using hybrid breeding.

Key words: Diallel cross, Single crosses, Heterosis, Combining ability.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Genetic Behaviour and Heterosis of Grain Yield of Single Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Under Different Salinity Levels

Ahmad Elali Elkhalf*(1) Ahmed El-Shaih Kador(2) Mohammad Jamal Hamandouch(2) and Abed El Karim El Gasem(3)

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Raqqa Research Center

(2). Dept. of Field Crops Science Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo

(3). Cereal Marketing and Store Association, Raqqa, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ahmad Elali Elkhalf. E-Mail: dr.ahmadelkhalf@gmail.com).

Received: 18/01/2018                                Accepted: 07/03/2018

Abstract

This study was carried out at the Scientific Research Center in Raqqah, arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), during the growing seasons 2012-2013-2014, to study of genetic behaviour of 29 genotypes (21 maize hybrids, 7 inbred lines and basel-1was control) under 4 levels of salinity (0, 4, 8, and 12) m moss, to determine mid-parents heterosis (%), and heritability for 100 kernel weight (g) and grain yield (ton/ha). Significant differences were noticed between hybrids in different levels of salinity and the effect of interaction between two factors, salinity and genotype. All hybrids were influenced at 8, and 12 m moss level of salinity, but with different degrees. Seven hybrids had exceeded the control at the level of 8 m moss, and P4XP7 recorded the best value in grain yield (7.633 t/ha) and heterosis value (59.5**) at the same level of salinity. Also, nine hybrids had exceeded the control, and P2XP3 showed the best value in grain yield (5.642 t/ha) and heterosis value (45.8**) at 12 m moss level of salinity.

Key words: Maize, Genetic Behaviour, Heterosis, Salinity.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Estimation of Potence Ratio and Heterosis for Some Quantitative Traits in Single Hybrids of Yellow MaizeEstimation of Potence Ratio and Heterosis for Some Quantitative Traits in Single Hybrids of Yellow Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Reem Saleem Ali*(1) Samir AL-Ahmad(2) Bolous Khoury(3)

(1). Agricultural Research Center of Latakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center of Tartous, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Eng. Reem Ali. E-Mail: m.reem.s.ali@gmail.com).

Received: 22/07/2018                              Accepted: 08/10/2018

Abstract

The present research was conducted at the Agriculture Scientific Research Center in Latakia to estimate heterosis and potence ratio for plant height, ear height, ear length, number of rows per ear, 100 seeds weight, and grain yield. Thirty hybrids produced using Line × Tester method (10 × 3) in 2015 season which were evaluated during 2016 season. Results indicated that most of hybrids revealed desirable heterosis values compared with mid and better parents for all of studied traits. The hybrids (IL.21×IL.155), (IL.21× IL.358) and (IL.21× IL.1) showed highly significant and positive heterosis values relative to mid and better parent in grain yield. Results of potence ratio indicated that inheritance of grain yield, plant height, ear length and number of rows per ear, were controlled by over dominance for all of hybrids, while inheritance of ear height and 100 seeds weight were controlled by over dominance for most of hybrids and partial dominance for some of hybrid’s behavior.

Key words: Maize, Heterosis, Potence ratio, Grain yield.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Genetic Behavior of Some Quantitative Traits of Yellow Maize (Zea mays L.) Single Crosses

Ali Wannows*(1) Samir AL Ahmad(2) Ghassan AL Lahham(1) Razan AL Najjar(1)  Elias Aweel(1) and Reem AL Mansour(1)

(1). Maize Research Department, Crops Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center of Tartous, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ali Wannows. E-Mail: aliwannows@yahoo.com).

Received: 11/02/2017                           Accepted: 27/03/2017

Abstract

Half diallel set of crosses between six inbred lines of maize were executed at Maize Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria, during 2010 and 2011 seasons to study heterosis, general and specific combining ability components for grain yield (ton/ha), ear height, length and diameter (cm), and silking date (day)  compared with control varieties Basel-1 and the hybrid Spirou S-4-985 to identify the best hybrid in terms of yield. Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replicates. General (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability mean squares of the inbred lines, and crosses were significant for all traits, except SCA mean square for ear height. This showed the contribution of additive and non-additive gene action in those traits. The ratio of σ2GCA/σ2SCA showed the dominance of additive gene action for ear height and length, but non-additive gene action for grain yield, and silking date. On the other hand, it indicated additive and non-additive gene action for ear diameter. Heterosis of all hybrids for all traits was significant compared with mid and better parents. The results confirmed that the lines IL.766-06, and IL.792-06 had a good GCA for grain yield, while four hybrids had a good SCA, which means the necessity to be included in yield trails, specifically the hybrid (IL.459-06 × IL.292-06) for grain yield.

Key words: Maize, Half diallel cross, GCA, SCA, Heterosis.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Genetic Behavior for Some Productive and Qualitative Traits of Soybean Genotypes [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Ghrood Al Aswd*(1)  Ghassan AL Lahham(1)  and Saoud Shehab(1)

(1). Crops Researcher Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Ghrood Al Aswd. E-Mail: ghroodaswd@yahoo.com).

Received: 28/10/ 2015                                     Accepted: 02/12/ 2015

Abstract

The present investigation was conducted at the 1st May Station in General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria, during two successive seasons 2011 and 2012. The main objective was to study both the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities and mid and better-parents heterosis of days to flowering, 100 seeds weight, percent of oil, percent of protein and grain yield. Half diallel cross was employed in randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Results revealed the dominance of variances of specific combining ability of yield and 100 seeds weight, indicating the importance of non-additive gene action. Therefore, these traits were affected by the over-dominance gene effect, while the additive gene action was predominant for days to flowering, percent of oil and percent of protein, that means the last three characters were affected by partial-dominance gene effect. The hybrids Sb239×Sb308, Sb235×Sb305, Sb235×Sb298, Sb181×Sb305 and  Sb181×Sb235 showed a positive and significant heterosis values comparing with best parent for grain yield trait. Because of that they are subjected to the over dominance effect, and most of those hybrids owned significant and positive SCA, this is can be attributed to the strong genetic relationship between them, because their effect is related to the existence of dominance.

Keywords: Half- diallel cross, General and specific combining ability, Heterosis, Soybean.

Full paper in Arabic:

السلوكية الوراثية لبعض الصفات الإنتاجية والنوعية لطرز من فول الصويا  [.Glycine max (L.) Merr]

Heterosis for Seed Yield and its Components Seed Characters and its Quality of Squash Cucurbita pepo L.

Abdulmohsen Khaleel Murie*(1) Mohammad Yahya Muaalla(2) Mitiadi George Burass(3) Bollous Khouri(2) and Antoen Antoen(1)

(1). Hurticulture Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
(3). Hurticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Correponding author: Dr. Abdulmohsen Khaleel Murie. E-Mail: abdmmurie@yahoo.com).

Received: 08/04/ 2015                                     Accepted: 22/06/ 2015

Abstract

The study was conducted at Altyba Research Station of the  General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria,  during 2008-2009 seasons, using nine parental lines and their 36 F1 hybrids, which were obtained by half diallel crossing,  to study the charateristics of the mature friuts, seed yield and its components, seed charateristics and their quality, also to estimate hetrerosis, to determine the superior hybrids that to be invested in the agricultural production. Randomized complete block design with three replications was applicated. Results showed that most of the crosses recorded a positive and high significant of heterosis, in most characters, the heterosis ranged from 2.92% to 141.06% compared to mid parents, and ranged from 0.19% to 134.83% compared to the better parent.  Hybrids of (5×6، 4×7، 4×6) exhibited higher heterosis values (102.74%، 89.48%،77.23%) for seed yield, modrate heterosis values for 100 seed weight (14.06%، 16.80%، 19.63%), and for fat content (7.48%، 8.90%، 5.44%), respectively. Hybrids )5×6، 4×7، 4×6) are considered promissing to be invested for seed production purpose, and supporting raw medical material to extract vitamin E.

Key words: Cucurbita pepo, Heterosis, Seed yield components, Seed characters, Quality characters,

Full paper in Arabic:

قوة الهجين للإنتاجية البذرية ومكوناتها، صفات البذور وخصائصها النوعية في قرع الكوسا Cucurbita pepo