Hasan Asad* ⁽¹⁾, Hassan Khojah ⁽²⁾, and Ghaitha Hasan ⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Tartous Research Center, Syria

(2). Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria

 (*Corresponding author: Hasan Asad, Email: ashsn132@gmail.com , Mobile: 0994137992)

Received 31/3/2024                     Accepted 11/7/2024

Abstract

The research was carried out at Al-Jammasa Research Station during (2020-2021, 2021-2022) seasons; to study the genetics behavior of some important specifications of eggplant fruits, based on appropriate genetic indicators. Six parents of protected cultivation types of eggplant were evaluated and their fifteen individual hybrids were hybridized by half-diallel reciprocal crossing., using a Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three replications, to study general and specific ability effects and dominance degree for some fruits quality (total sugars%, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, dry matter and firmness). The results showed highly significant differences between the parental types for all the studied traits except the acidity percentage%. The variances due to GCA and SCA were highly significant, which indicates that both additive and non-additive genes effects control these traits. But however, the ratio of GCA/SCA variance was greater than one (1) for all studied traits; This indicates that the contribution of additive effect genes was greater than of the non-additive effect genes. The average degree of dominance was less than one (1) in those traits. This also confirms the predominance of additive effect genes when these traits are inherited.

Keywords: Additive effect, Dominance, Eggplant, General ability, Protected cultivation, Specific ability.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ali Hassan* ⁽¹⁾, Nabil Abo Kaf ⁽²⁾, and  Iyad Mohammed⁽³⁾

(1). PhD Student, Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(3). Researcher, Director of the Plant Protection sector, Ministry of Agriculture, Damascus, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Ali Hassan, E-Mail: alihasan1990944@gmail.com, Mob: 0988346017)

Received: 21/1/2024          Accepted: 29/7/2024

Abstract

The research was carried out in the insect laboratory of plant protection department at the faculty of Agricultural engineering, Tishreen University, Syria, under controlled laboratory conditions during 2022, with the aim of studying the Parasitism rates of the parasitoid Scutellista caerulea on the citrus wax scale Ceroplastes floridensis using life tables based on sex and age stage to analyze data. Life and parasitism rate, as Cucurbita moschata fruits were used as host plants for this insect, and infection with the pest was obtained from infected citrus trees in the form of females containing eggs (infection stage). Results showed that the highest value of the net Parasitism rate (C₀) for the parasitoid was 6.08 offspring/individual at 25°C, while the lowest was at 20°C, that it reached 5.21 offspring/individual, and the highest value of the limited Parasitism rate was 0.0608 offspring/individual at 30°C and 0.0513 offspring/individual at 30°C, and the highest value of the Parasitism rate associated with the age stage (c_xj) of parasitoids females was 12.3 offspring/individual at a temperature of 25°C.

Keywords: life tables, Ceroplastes floridensis, Scutellista caerulea, laboratory conditions, parasitism rate, temperature.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Walaa Ammar^(1)*, Safaa Rahmoun⁽¹⁾ and Mohamed El Helou⁽²⁾

(1). Crops Research Administration, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria

(2). Hama Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*corresponding author:  Walaa Ammar. E-Mial: walaa.lulu90@gmail.com).

Received: 22/2/2024        Accepted:  29/7/2024

Abstract

The study was carried out at the Center for Scientific Agricultural Research in Hama, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria, during the 2022/2023 agricultural season with the aim of studying the phenotypic correlation coefficient and path analysis of some phenological and morphological traits and yield components (days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of pods on the plant, number of branches per plant, weight of 100 seed, seed yield) for 12 faba bean genotypes. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between the seed yield trait and the days to flowering (r=0.634**), days to maturity (r=0.510**), plant height (r=0.777**), number of pods on the plant (r=0.657**), weight of 100 seed (r=0.898**). Path analysis clarified that weight of 100 seed (0.7553), number of pods on the plant (0.2699), had a direct effect on seed yield, In addition to the indirect effect of weight of 100 seeds on plant height (0.6412), days to flowering (0.4822), days to maturity (0.4082), and number of pods on the plant (0.4584). The days to maturity, the number of pods on the plant, and weight of 100 seeds are among the characteristics that contribute most to increasing seed yield, as their contribution rate reached (70.72%).

Key words: phenotypic correlation coefficient, path analysis, seed yield, faba bean.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Nowar Zeid^(1)*, Essa Kabibou⁽¹⁾ and Jehan Mtawaj⁽²⁾

(1). Department of soil and water science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). The General Organization for Seed Multiplication, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Nowar Zeid. E.Mail: :Zeidnowar@gmail.com, Mob.: 0981206790).

                                       Received:   7/3/2024           Accepted:  28/7/2024

Abstract

The research was carried out in Sitmarkho village – Latakia, within a sealed room, during April – June 2023; For study the effect of 3 factors on the amount of Oyster mushroom production and its protein content .Factorial experiment method was used including three factors: (two mushroom strains Gosm and Florida, two sterilization liquids: water, and olive mill water, and three substrates: (Wheat straw, sawdust, and their mixture equally), using the completely randomized design, which  included twelve combinatorial treatments, each one with three replicates. GenStat-12 program was used with Duncan-LSR parameters at 1% level. Results showed Florida strain was significantly superior on production quantity (500.1g/1kg wet weight) to the Gosm strain (386.1)g, while the Gosm strain was significantly superior to the Florida strain in protein content of wet weight (3.40, 3.22)% respectively. Sterilization with water also outperformed sterilization with Olive mill water in producing (473.1, 413.1 g/1 kg dry weight), respectively, while sterilization with the Olive mill water was superior in protein content (3.392, 2.231%), respectively. The Wheat straw substrate outperformed the rest substrates significantly in production trait, while the sawdust was superior in protein content%. The combinatorial treatments varied significantly; the treatment T4: (Wheat straw + water sterilization + Florida strain) outperformed all treatments in the production (923.3) g/1 kg. While the treatment (T8: sawdust + Olive mill water sterilization + Gosm strain) outperformed all treatments in Protein content (3.670%) of wet weight.

Keywords: Oyster mushrooms, Olive mill water, production, protein. 

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Nsreen Dahe Mohamad*⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Nsreen Dahe Mohamad, E-mail: nsreenmohamad1986@gmail.com, mob.: 0988487892)

Received:   23/3/2024         Accepted:  13/7/2024

Abstract

The research was carried out in the Al-Haffa area, the village of Bamrin, in the country side of lattakia, during the 2022 growing season on Washington navelate orange trees were grafted on Citrus aurantium L. rootstock, in order to study the effect of foliar and ground fertilization with humic acid on some leaf’s characteristics and fruit qualitative. The experiment was designed according to completely randomized design. The experiment included seven treatments and three replicates. Foliar and ground fertilization with humic acid was used at concentrations of 0.25,0.5,1 g/l for the foliar and 3,4,5 g/l for the ground at the following dates : the stage of flower bud swelling in the middle March , the stage of fruit set  in May , After month from the second spraying in June . The two concentrations 1 foliar and 5 ground fertilization were distinguished by the other two concentrations by giving the highest leaf area (43.95, 43.607) cm², respectively, compared to the control 30.837 cm² . Fertilization with humic acid also led to improvement the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits. As the two concentrations of 1 g/l for the foliar and 5 g/l for the ground fertilization gave the highest values in terms of the weight and volume of the fruit and the of percentage the juice, superior to rest of the treatments, but without significant differences between these two concentrations. the  content of the fruits of total soluble solids, total sugars and vitamin c also increased when treated with humic acid compared to the control , while the acidity content of juice fruit  was reduced when treated with humic acid, and the control treatment gave the highest acidity percentage 1.720 % As for the total chlorophyll content of the leaves , the two concentrations of 1 g/l for the foliar and 5 g/l for the ground were superior to the rest of the treatments (11.74,11.61)mg/g respectively, but without any significant differences between these two ,while the control gave the lowest value for total chlorophyll is 9.69 mg/g.

Key words: humic acid, weight and volume of the fruit,”Washington navelate”, chlorophyll leaf, leaf area. 

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF         

N.M. Zaid⁽¹⁾,   A. Al-shamere⁽¹⁾,  and  S. mourshed⁽¹⁾

(1). Agricultural Research $ Extension Authority, Northern Highlands Sana’a- Yemen.

(*Corresponding author: Naji  Zaid,  email: n.zied2014@gmail.com,
Tel: +967-770541186).

Received:   23/4/2025         Accepted:  8/10/2025

Abstract

This research was conducted at the experimental farm of Northern Highlands Research Station El-Errh–Sana’a an area located about 15 km North of Sana’a during two years 2022 -2023.Seed of three pea genotypes which were entered into a diallel cross scheme during the winter season 2022and gave six 6 F¹ Hybrids, to induce variability preference favored for some agronomic traits and planted to obtain F¹ generation in 2022 summer season. Sixty-eight individual plants were selected from F² populations based on morvologecal plant type, The selected segregations were primary evaluated in three replications as F³ generation in 2023 winter season.  The results showed that using the genotype (Sa’id) as a mother and the genotype (Umran-1) as a father resulted in a significant number of pods in their reciprocal hybrids. The results also showed that the hybrids were characterize by high heterosis existing of genetic variation in the first segregating generation. The estimation of broad-sense heritability in the second and third segregating generations for the studied traits (days to 50% flowering, number of pods/plant, plant height, hundred seed weight and sees yield/plant) was high. This indicates that these traits are useful due to their high heritability, and therefore can be relied upon to follow the genetic segregations and study their genetic stability, which will inherit desirable traits and characteristics, such as resistance to lodging and high grain yield in pea crop.  

Key Words: Breeding, Heritability, Hybridization, pea.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Menos Asaad^(1)*, Malek Oumran⁽²⁾, Nouraldin daher hjaij⁽¹⁾, and  Khalil moukayees⁽²⁾

 (1). General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(2). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tishreen, Lattakia, Syria

(*Corresponding author Menos asaad . E-Mail: menos.asaad@hotmail.com).

Received:   12/4/2024         Accepted:  1/8/2024

Abstract

This study was carried out at both the apiary and laboratory of Lattakia Scientific Agricultural Research Center during April and May of the year 2022 on 12 bee colonies with strength of 8 honeycombs. It aims to evaluate the hygienic behavior of the hybrid honeybee colonies by using two assays (pin-killed brood and freeze-killed brood). The readings were taken after 12, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours. After 48 hours, the findings showed that 50% of bee colonies had achieved high hygienic behavior of more than 95% and average hygienic behavior ranging between 63.66 and 97.66% for the tested colonies. However, the average hygienic behavior of colonies in the freeze-killed brood assay ranged between 61.66 and 96.66%, and the average hygienic behavior exceeded 95% in 41.66% of tested colonies. The findings also showed that the colonies that did not show hygienic behavior in the pin-killed brood assay did so in the freeze-killed brood assay.

Keywords: Hygienic behavior, pin-killed brood, freeze-killed assay, Syria.  

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mosa Marhij *⁽¹⁾

(1). Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Tartous, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mosa Marhij. E-Mail: mosa.marhij@gmail.com)

Received: 2/4/2024                Accepted: 1/8/2024

Abstract

The research aimed to demonstrate the impact of some of the studied factors on farmers’ adoption of strawberry cultivation in greenhouses in Tartous Governorate, and their preference over other agricultural crops in the governorate, by relying on measures of central tendency such as averages, percentages, and estimating the Pearson correlation coefficient between production and each of the achievement variables. Education, age, type of tenure (ownership, rent), number of hired workers, selling price per kilogram, farmers’ opinion about the prices at which they sell, statement of opinion on the strawberry crop, and whether strawberries are a main or secondary crop through the use of the statistical analysis program (Spss, 27). The results of the research showed the significance of the variables studied, with the exception of the selling price per kilogram, and the educational attainment variable outperformed all other variables in the results of estimating frequencies and percentages. The most important production problems facing strawberry farmers were low prices, high production requirements, and high transportation costs. While the most important marketing problems facing strawberry growers are the high cost of marketing supplies, transportation fees, and workers, in addition to the short lifespan of the fruits, the control of prices by brokers and intermediaries, and the high risk of not being able to store, the research recommended working to solve the large gap in prices. In Which strawberry farmers in Tartous Governorate Sell, which no longer even cover production costs. and attention to social aspects such as education and training in strawberry cultivation in the studied area, because of its role in developing strawberry cultivation, and working to address the production problems facing strawberry farmers by providing Production requirements at the lowest prices, working to raise the price of the crop by opening the door to export, establishing cooperative societies concerned with perishable products, working to reduce production costs, working to address the marketing problems facing strawberry farmers by establishing special markets for perishable products, and Storage facilities accommodate Surplus production. The trend towards industrialization.

Keywords: strawberries, protected cultivation, Tartous Governorate, production, social factors, Pearson correlation coefficient.   

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohannad al-ebrahim Al-ghajar *(1)

(1). Dept. Of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of AL- Furat.

(*Corresponding author: Mohannad alebrahim alghajar. E-mail: mhndghjr06@ gmail.com)

Received:   19/3/2024         Accepted:  11/7/2024

Abstract

The research purposed to study effect weathering properties in each location on fertility characteristic, and study relation with Soil properties. Complex soil at depth (0-30) cm were taken from Eight different locations in rainfall stability areas in the north and north east of Syria. including (Jueik, Hemo) the first rainfall stabilization area, (AL- hasakeh and Ras AL ein) the second rainfall stabilization area,and (Al-zahabeia, Balat) the third rainfall stabilization area, And (Khanaser,Ariesh) the fourth rainfall stabilization area. The study showed that the studied soils were different properties in its fertility characteristic as rainfall stabilization areas. Where the percentage of the clay and organic matter decreases from the first to the fourth rainfall stabilization area, which explains the role of the stability area in the distribution of the clay part distributed in proportion to rainfall range. While The percentage of calcium carbonate, and lime Active increases from the first to the fourth stabilization area. Also The study concluded strong positive correlation between Clay percentage and each organic matter,available phosphours Reached to (r²=0.90, r² =0.93) respectively. While available phosphours related strong positive with organic matter (r²=0.97), strong negative by calcium carbonate (r²=0.96).

Keywords: rainfall stability, fertility, calcium carbonate, clay, available phosphours.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammad Nizam⁽¹⁾, Ziad Khouri⁽¹⁾, Fuad Wassof ⁽²⁾, and Ammar Abbas ⁽¹⁾

(1). Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Homs Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(^*Corresponding author: Dr: Mohammad Nizam. E-Mail:  mohammad.nizam.85115@gmail..com).

Received: 22/4/2024             Accepted: 29/7/2024

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in in Kassab research station of scientific agricultural research center – Latakia during two years (2022-2023) on peach trees (Michelin cv.) governorate to study the impact of potassium silicate (3 and 5 g/l) and potassium humate (2 and 4 g/l) foliar application on some characteristics of fruit growth of the studied trees. The experiment showed that the foliar application with potassium humate (4 g/l) was significantly superior to other treatments in terms of fruit weight, fruit size and total soluble solids on peach fruit (134.12 g, 125 cm³, 10.63 %) respectively. Also, the foliar application with potassium humate (2 g/l) improved the percentage of anthocyanin pigment in fruits (23.53 mg/100g fresh weight) compared to control trees (17.81 mg/100g fresh weight).

Key words: Peach, Foliar application, Potassium silicate, Potassium humate.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF