Mahmoud Amoudi^1* and Taleb Ahmad¹

¹ Department of Statistics and Programming, Faculty of Economics, Lattakia University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mahmoud  Amoudi, Email:  mahmoud323@gmail.com)

Received: 20/ 5/ 2025      Accepted: 21/ 7/ 2025

Abstract

The researcher aims to study and analyze the economic and performance indicators of the Syrian Agricultural Cooperative Bank. He then reduces the bank’s performance indicators to a smaller number of factors using factor analysis. This approach aims to determine the nature of the relationship between the bank’s performance variables and the economic factors influencing them in Syria using neural networks. This is based on data published by the Central Bureau of Statistics and periodic reports from the Central Bank of Syria and the Syrian Agricultural Bank for a time series spanning the period from 2005 to 2020. The results of the study demonstrated the possibility of reducing the performance variables of the Agricultural Cooperative Bank from eight variables to two main factors. Furthermore, by studying the relationship between the agricultural bank’s performance variables and the economic factors influencing them using a multi-layer perceptron neural network model, we concluded that economic factors had a significant impact on all the performance variables of the Agricultural Cooperative Bank. The most important economic factors influencing the performance of the Agricultural Cooperative Bank were investment variables and inflation rates on the first factor, and money supply and unemployment rates on the second factor.

Keywords: Agricultural Cooperative Bank, economic factors, neural networks, factor analysis.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ahmed soufi^1*

¹ Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmed. E-mail: 7mada.movo9@gmail.com, phone:+963991266905).

Received: 23/ 07/  2024     Accepted: 8/ 10/ 2024

Abstract

The research was carried out in 2024, on the experimental farm in the village of Qara Falah in Latakia Governorate- Syria, to study the effect of treatment with melatonin acid at concentrations (50, 100 and 150 microliters) on some biochemical and productive characteristics of the local tobacco plant (Shak Al-Bint) under conditions of drought soil treatments by Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) solutions (15, 30 and 45 %), corresponding to final osmotic potentials -0.52, -1.04 and -1.56 MPa, which were distributed according to the randomized complete design (R.C.D) with three replicates. Many important indicators were measured, including: leaf content of: chlorophyll (µg/g), proline (µmol/g), manol d-aldehyde MDA (nmol/g), and yield of green and dry leaves (g/plant). The results showed a decrease in the green tobacco yield (75 g/plant) and dry (20 g/plant) under drought stress conditions at a concentration of 45%. The chlorophyll content of the leaves also decreased steadily with increasing applied stress, which in this context reached (463 μg/g). In contrast, the chlorophyll content of the leaves increased when spraying with melatonin at a concentration of 50 μl (710 μg/g), which was positively reflected on the green and dry leaf yield. The proline content of the leaves also decreased (0.9 μmol/g), especially at a low concentration of melatonin. The results showed that the treatment with a diluted concentration of melatonin acid was superior to all treatments and the control for all studied indicators. Therefore, it is recommended to use melatonin acid, especially at a low concentration (50) μl, for its role in improving many chemical indicators, which is reflected in increasing tobacco productivity under drought stress conditions.

Keywords: melatonin, tobacco, Shak Al-Bint cultivar, drought stress.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Nasma Mustafa Sahrawy^1* and Nasr Sheikh Suleiman¹

¹ Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Nasma Mustafa Sahrawy, Email:  nasma.sahrawy@tishreen.edu.sy, Mob: +963-958472751).

Received: 10/ 1/ 2025      Accepted: 28/ 5/ 2025

Abstract

The study was conducted in Al-Breij village، located 4 km from Jableh city, inside an unheated plastic greenhouse during the 2022–2023 agricultural season. The research aimed to study the effects of foliar feeding with the bio-fertilizer “Marine” Ascophylum nodosum seaweed extract and potassium nitrate NO3 on the vegetative and fruit growth of the cucumber hybrid “Prince.” Seven treatments were applied in the study, including a control (unsprayed), foliar spraying with the bio-fertilizer at concentrations of 1 ml/L and 2 ml/L، potassium nitrate NO3 at concentrations of 4 g/L and 6 g/L and mixed foliar spraying treatments (1 ml/L of “Marine” + 4 g/L potassium nitrate, and 2 ml/L of “Marine” + 6 g/L potassium nitrate NO3). The experiment followed a completely randomized block design, with each treatment replicated four times, and each replicate containing 14 plants. Foliar spraying was conducted in three applications، spaced two weeks apart, with the first application performed three weeks after transplanting the seedlings into the greenhouse. The results showed that all foliar spraying treatments with “Marine” and potassium nitrate NO3 significantly outperformed the control (unsprayed plants) in terms of plant height, leaf area and leaf area index. The mixed treatment of 2 ml/L of “Marine” and 6 g/L of potassium nitrate achieved the largest leaf area of 9156 cm²/plant, while the control plants recorded the smallest leaf area at 5338 cm²/plant. Additionally, the results revealed significant differences between foliar spraying treatments and the control in all flowering, fruiting, and total yield traits. The mixed treatment of 2 ml/L of “Marine” and 6 g/L of potassium nitrate resulted in the highest number of flowers (75.2 flowers/plant) and the highest total yield (16.41 kg/m²).

Keywords: Seaweed, cucumber, greenhouse, vegetative growth, fruit growth, potassium nitrate.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mais Deeb^1*, Ali Mostafa¹, Ghina Jawhara¹ and Abeer Ali¹

¹ Tartous Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mais Deeb, Email: mais.deeb@yahoo.com )

Received: 17/ 10/ 2024     Accepted: 25/ 6/ 2025

Abstract

The study was conducted at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Tartous Governorate during the agricultural seasons 2022-2023, 2023-2024 by studying the effect of application three levels of compost of urban waste manufactured in Wadi Al-Hada factory (15, 30, 45 tons/ha) alone and combined with 50% of the fertilizer recommendation for Zea mays, in addition to a control treatment without fertilization, and a mineral fertilization treatment only (100% fertilizer recommendation) on the growth and productivity of Sweet Corn. The complete randomization design was adopted in the research design with three replicates for each treatment, 18 plants in each replicate. The results of the study showed a positive effect of adding a mixture of compost and mineral fertilization in improving the growth and productivity of Sweet corn. An increase was observed in all studied growth indicators with increasing rates of compost addition, where the mineral fertilization treatment with the fertilizer recommendation and the mixed fertilizer addition treatment of 45 tons/ha of compost + 50% fertilizer recommendation gave the highest value for each of the indicators: average plant height (173, 171.3 cm) respectively, wet weight (566, 519.3 g) and dry weight of the plant (92.67, 118 g/plant), and productivity of the unit area (15.8, 13.91 tons/ha) respectively. While the mixed fertilization treatment (45 tons/ha of compost + 50% fertilizer recommendation) gave the highest value for the leaf surface area (7523 cm2), and the leaf surface index (2.69 m2/m2), followed by the mineral fertilization treatment with the fertilizer recommendation, which gave a leaf surface area of 7493 cm2/plant, and a leaf surface index of 2.68 m2/m2.

Keywords: Compost, urban waste, fertilization, growth, productivity, sweet corn.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Majeed Shenawa Safih Al-Omairy^1* and Sabah Muhammad Al-Haj Nasan ²

¹ Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shatrah University, Shatrah, Iraq.

² Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Homs University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Majeed Shenawa Safih Al-Omairy, Email:  dr.majeed@shu.edu.ig ).

Received: 4/ 11/ 2024      Accepted: 3/ 8/ 2025

Abstract

The research reviewed the importance of genetic material (DNA) and its role in regulating vital processes and maintaining genome stability, and the factors that lead to genetic material damage, whether internal, such as oxidative stress, or external, such as harmful radiation and chemicals. The research also focused on the advanced biological mechanisms that cells use to repair DNA damage, such as base excision repair (BER) and double-strand break repair (NHEJ and HR), and the clinical and biological importance of repair mechanisms that contribute in protecting the body from genetic mutations and serious diseases such as cancer.

Keywords: genetic material damage, DNA, repair mechanisms.

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Maya Al-Abdala^1*, Afraa Sallowm ² and Safwan Aboassaf ¹

¹ General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

² Department of agricultural economics, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Damascus University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: May Al-Abdala, Email:  Mayaabdala6@gmail.com ).

Received: 11/ 5/ 2024      Accepted: 16/ 9/ 2024

Abstract

The research aims to reach several alternatives of optimal crop structures that achieve minimizing irrigation water consumption, and maximizing the net return from the water unit in Swaida governorate, in the areas of spread of irrigated vegetable cultivation for the 2020 season, within the constraints of available agricultural productive resources. Through the processing and analysis of secondary data, the primary data collected through the field survey form and the formulation of a mathematical linear programming model in which the crop structure was restructured and crop areas and productive resources are redistributed. The results showed that the first alternative achieved an increase of 13.26% over the net return of the irrigation water unit in the actual composition, with a difference of 2.54 million syp. The second alternative achieved savings of 44.86% over the amount of water in the actual structure, so the total water requirement for the proposed structure was 3.25 million m3, compared to 5.9 million m3 of water for the actual structure. The research recommended modifying the crop structure in Swaida to achieve the optimal crop structure that achieves the minimization of irrigation water, and maximizing the net return from the irrigation water unit.

Keywords: Optimal Management, Linear Programming, Minimization, Maximization, Swaida.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF