Effect of Spraying with Yeast Suspension and Plant Density ‎on Some Growth and Yield Components Traits of Vicia faba ‎L.‎

Wafaa Suleiman Khedr^*(1)

(1). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, AlBaath University, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Wafaa Suleiman Khedr. E-Mail: ghassankdr@gmail.com).

Received: 10/02/2019 Accepted: 26/03/2019

Abstract

This research was carried out at Barry Al- Garby village, Al Salameah region during 2017/2018 season to study the effect of spraying with yeast suspension and plant density on some growth and productivity traits of faba bean crop (var. Kubrusy). Three concentrations of yeast solution were used (2, 4 and 6) g/l in addition the control treatment. Three densities were studied (12.5, 16.7 and 25 plants/m²). A split plot design with three replications was used. Spraying with yeast suspension (6) g/l caused a significant increase in plant height (75.21) cm, number of branches/plant (3.65), pod length (11.33) cm, number of pods (11.18) pod/plant, weight of dry seeds (33.37) g/plant and seed yield (0.58) kg/m². Increasing plant density to (25) plant/m² caused an increase in plant height (75.2) cm, the first pod height (18.57) cm and seed yield (0.53) kg/m², while it caused a significant decrease in number of branches/plant (2.97), number of pods(6.5) pod/plant , weight of dry seeds (21.12) g/plant. Spraying (6) g/l of yeast and planting (25) plants/m² gave the highest seed yield (0.69) kg/m².

Key words: Faba bean, Yeast, Plant density, Yield components, Seed yield.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Response of Some Growth and Productivity Traits of ‎Coriander Plant (Corianderum sativum L.) Under Different ‎Sources of Organic Fertilization

Hala Mohammad^*(1) Mohamead Abd Elaziz⁽¹⁾ and Roula Yacoub⁽²⁾

(1). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakis, Syria.

(2). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Hala Mohamed: halamohammad445@gmail.com).

Received: 23/03/2019 Accepted: 14/04/2019

Abstract

The lack of information about the cultivation of coriander plants in Syria increased the importance of this study, which examined the effect of some sources of organic fertilization (cow muck, compost and poultry fertilizer) at a rate of 15 tons/ha of each fertilizer. This study was conducted in Tartous at Banias region during 2018 season. A complete randomized block design arranged according to split split plot was used with three replicates. The results showed that there were significant differences between most of the studied traits. Compost manure exceeded cow muck and poultry manure in most traits (plant height, number of branches/plant, number of leaves and number of shoots/plants) )58.40 cm, 7.33, 5.70 and 17.00) respectively, while poultry fertilizer gave the highest values (9.38 g/plant, 10.78 g) of weight of seeds/plant and weight of 1000 seeds, respectively.

Key words: Coriander, Organic fertilizer, Compost, Cattle, Poultry.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Determination of Some Selection Indicators in Chickpeas ‎‎(Cicer arietinum) Under Water Stress Conditions‎

Hiba Alatrash^*(1)Mohammad. Sh. Hakim⁽¹⁾ Abdallah ALYoussef⁽²⁾Mohammad. J. Hamndosh⁽¹⁾ and Ahmad. Sh.A. Shaaban⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Aleppo Research Center, General commission for scientific Agriculture Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Biotech Engineering, Faculty of Technological Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Hiba Alatrash. E-Mail: hiba.fad.16@gmail.com).

Received: 26/05/2019 Accepted: 12/06/2019

Abstract

The study was carried out at AL-Sfireh location which belongs to Scientific Agriculture Research Center in Aleppo during 2016/2017, in order to study the phenotypic-genotypic correlation and to define the most important selection indicators by path coefficient analysis of seed yield traits. (28) genotypes and two varieties i.e. Ghab4 and Ghab5 as control were planted in two experiments (under drought stress and non-drought stress conditions) in randomized complete block design with tow replications. The traits (100-seeds weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, plant height, no. of days to flowering, no. of days to maturity) were studied. The results showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits in both experiments, the correlation analysis showed a positive and significant relationships between seed yield and number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100-seeds weight and plant height, while a significant and negative correlation was noticed between seed yield and no. of days to flowering and no. of days to maturity under drought stress experiment and in the non-drought stress experiment. Positive and high significant relationships were recorded between seed yield and number of pods per plant and positive significant correlation was recorded between seed yield and number of seeds per plant and 100-seeds weight. Path coefficient analysis exposed that number of pods per plant had the highest positive direct effect on seed yield followed by 100-seeds weight, but number of pods per plant had the highest positive indirect effect on seed yield through the number of seeds per plant followed by plant height whereas no. of days to flowering and no. of days to maturity had the highest negative indirect effects on seed yield through the number of pods per plant under drought stress experiments. Also, under non drought stress experiments number of pods per plant had the highest positive direct effect on seed yield followed by 100-seeds weight but number of pods per plant had the highest positive indirect effect on seed yield through number of seeds per plant followed by plant height. This study confirmed the importance of number of pods per plant, 100-seeds weight and early flowering as indicators for the development of drought tolerant genotypes.

Key words: Chickpea, Yield components, Phenotypic-genotypic correlations, Path analysis, Selection indicators.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Plant Density and Nitrogen Fertilization on Some ‎Morphological, Physiological and Productivity Characteristics ‎of sorghum bicolor L.‎

Mohamed Abd Alaziz⁽¹⁾ and Fatema Antar^*(1)

(1). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Fatema Antar. E-Mail: anterfatemah@gmail.com).

Received: 28/11/2018 Accepted: 06/02/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out in the coastal area at Bauqa Farm, and at the laboratories of Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, during the season 2018 in order to study the effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilization and their interaction on some morphological, physiological and productivity parameters of sorghum plant to obtain the highest grain yield. Jumbo variety was used which obtained from General Organization of Seed Multiplication in Latakia. The design of the experiment was Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with the arrangement of split plot design with three replicates. The density treatments were distributed in the main plots (3.33, 5 and 10 plants/m²), while nitrogen fertilization levels were allocated in the sub plots (200, 300 and 400 kg/ha) in addition to the control treatment without nitrogen addition. The density of 10 plants / m² and the nitrogen fertilization of 300 kg/ha gave the highest grain yield (ton/ha) under the conditions of the experiment. While the density of 3.33 plants/m ² and the nitrogen addition of 400 kg/ha gave the highest length of the plant number of leaves/plant, number of grains/rosset and weight of 100 seeds. The grain yield correlated positively and significantly with rosset length (r=0.541**), grains number (r=0.509**), area index (r=0.502 **) and the rosset weight (r=0.456 **). Thus it is possible to improve the productivity by improving the mentioned traits above due to the positive correlation with them.

Key words: Sorghum bicolor, Plant density, Nitrogen fertilization, Yield, Morphological traits.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Response of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Varieties to Mineral and Bio ‎Fertilizers

Lamiaa. M. Al-Freeh^*(1) Kadhim H. Huthily⁽¹⁾ and Sundus. A. Alabdulla⁽¹⁾

(1). Crops Department, Facultu of Agriculture, Basrah University, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Lamiaa. M. Al-freeh. E-Mail: lamiaaalfreeh610@gmail.com).

Received: 16/01/2020 Accepted: 22/03/2020

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out during the growing seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 at Al-Zubair district, Basra Province, to study the response of three varieties of oats (Ganzania, Shafaa and Carrolup) to mineral and bio fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum), phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Pantoea agglomerans) and potassium solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus subtits and Bacillus mucilaginosus) were used in seven levels: (B0 = control, B1 = mineral NPK, B2= NPK bio fertilizer, B3 = N bio. + mineral PK, B4 = NP bio. + mineral K, B5 = NK bio. + mineral P and B6 = PK bio. + mineral N) on yield components, grain yield and the concentration of NPK nutrients in grains and vegetative parts. Randomized complete block design RCBD was used which arranged according to split-plot design with three replicates, the fertilizers were placed on the main plots, while varieties were at the sub-plots. The results showed that fertilization with bio-fertilizer NPK (B2) increased significantly the studied traits (NPK% concentration in grains and vegetative part, panicles/m², grains/panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and protein yield). For the two seasons, while treatment B2 gave an increase in grain yield of 189.96 and 197.3%, and the biological yield 112.92 and 137.36% compared with control treatment for the two seasons respectively. Varieties differed in most of the studied traits, Ganzania resulted in highest grain yield in the first season (5.774 t/ha) while Shafaa gave the highest yield in the second season (8.691 t/ha). The interaction of Ganzania with B2 and gave the highest grain yield (8.429 t/ha) in the first season, while in the second season all varieties showed significant superiority with B2 and produced the highest grain yield, biological yield and protein yield without significant difference between them. The study recommends the use of bio-fertilization that containing various microorganisms (nitrogen-fixing and phosphorous potassium solubilizing bacteria) and it is preferable to grow Ganzania or the Shafaa variety.

Key words: Oat, Varieties, Bio fertilizers, Mineral, Yield.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Evaluation Production, Quality and Morphological Traits of ‎Summer Fodder Beet (Beta vulgaris L. sub Crassa) Under ‎Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer

Entessar Al Jbawi*⁽¹⁾ Ahmad AlAli⁽²⁾ and Ahmad Fahd AlRaei⁽²⁾

(1). Sugar Beet Research Department, Crops Research Administration, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Hama Agricultural Research Center, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Entessar Al JBawi. E-Mail: dr.entessara@gmail.com).

Received: 10/03/2020 Accepted: 01/04/2020

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Hama Research Station, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons, to compare production, quality and morphological characteristics of monogerm fodder beet variety, i.e. Jamon under four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (20, 80, 120 and 180 pure units of N, urea 46%/ha). The experiment was sown in summer during September. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three replications. The statistical analysis of both seasons exhibited a significant effect of the nitrogen fertilizer (N) on all of the production traits (shoot yield (ton/ha)) and morphological traits (shoot weight per plant (g), and root length and diameter (cm)). Also, there were no significant differences in quality traits (dry matter in root and shoot (%) and sucrose (%)). The least significant difference test (LDS_0.05) showed the possibility of adding 80 pure units of Urea/ha to get the best production, quality and morphological traits.

Key words: Fodder beet, Nitrogen fertilizer, Production traits, Quality traits, Morphological traits.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

General and Specific Combining Ability for Some Fodder Components Yield Traits of Pearl Millet Single Crosses [Pennisetum glaucum )L.( R. Br.]

Ghassan AL Lahham*⁽¹⁾ Elias Aweel⁽¹⁾Saoud Shehab⁽¹⁾Majeda AL Rwely⁽¹⁾Razan AL Najjar⁽¹⁾ Reem AL Mansour⁽¹⁾ Ali Wannous⁽¹⁾ Thamer AL Hniesh⁽¹⁾

(1). Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: E-Mail: gh_lahham@hotmail.com).

Received: 02/05/2019 Accepted: 01/10/2019

Abstract

Half diallel set of crosses between six inbred lines of pearl millet were executed at First of May Research station, Syria, during 2011 and 2012 seasons to study the heterosis, and general and specific combining ability components for silking date (day), plant height(cm), number of leaves, number of tillers per plant and green and dry fodder yield (ton/ha), to be compared with the average. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. The results showed that the variation of inbred lines and crosses was highly significant in the inheritance of all studied traits, and the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities mean squares of the inbred lines, and crosses were significant for all traits, this showed the contribution of additive and non-additive gene action in those traits. The ratio of σ²_GCA/σ²_SCAshowed the dominance of additive gene action in inheritance of these traits. Heterosis of hybrids (P1 × P4, P1 × P6, P2 × P3, P3 × P6, P4 × P6 and P5 × P6) was significant compared with mid and better parents for most studied traits in particular green and dry fodder yield. The lines (P6, P5, P4) also showed a positive and significant general ability for yield of green and dry forage. while the hybrids (P1 × P2, P1 × P3, P2 × P6 and P4 × P6) had the highest significant good SCA for green fodder yield (14.22**, 16.37**, 17.92** and 31.92**) respectively. This confirms the need to include them in the selection and breeding programs of this crop.

Key words: Pearl millet, Half diallel cross, GCA, SCA, Heterosis.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Estimation of Some Genetic Indicators of Sunflower Helianthus annus L. Varieties Growth and Production Characteristics under Different Plant Densities

Mohamed Nael Khattab^*(1)Waseem Adla⁽²⁾and Erwa Suleiman⁽¹⁾

(1). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Al-Ghab Agricultural Scientific Research Center. General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohamed Nael Khattab. E-Mail: aboalabd876@gmail.com).

Received: 03/01/2019 Accepted: 20/02/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out with the aim of estimating some genetic indicators of growth and productivity characteristics to determine the important trait or traits in the selection to be used in breeding programs, for five varieties of sunflower Helianthus annus L. (variety 90, variety 19, variety 9, local variety, and variety 54), which were received from the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), and were planted in three densities (44000, 55000, and 74000 plants/ha), according to randomized completely block design arranged in split-plot with three replicates. The varieties were distributed in the main plots, while the plant densities were allocated in the secondary plots in AL-Gab region (Hama) during season 2018. The results revealed that there were genotypic and phenotypic homogeneity, according to the lowest genetic variance coefficient (GCV) and phenotypic variance coefficient (PCV) for most of the studied traits. Genetic variability was the largest percentage of phenotypic variation. The broad sense heritability values ranged from 83% to 96%, especially at the density of 74000 plants/ha of some traits and reflected on genetic progress which was high and ranged between 14-30%. The results also showed that the best variety that can be evaluated for several years and in more than one geographic location was (variety 9), if planted in a density of 44000 plants/ha to get high productivity components. The characteristics of number of days until flowering, maturity, plant length and productivity kg/ha are better on density of 74000 plants/ha. It is concluded that number of seeds per head and seeds weight can be used as selection indices.

Keywords: Sunflower, Densities, Genetic indicators.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Yield and its Components in Some Maize Zea maiz L. Genotypes Using Factorial Mating System

Ahmed H. A. Anees^*(1) andWatheq H. M. Thiaib Al-Gaisi⁽¹⁾

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Tikrit University, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmed H. A. Anees . E-Mail: Ahmed75hawas@yahoo.com).

Received: 28/12/2019 Accepted: 24/02/2020

Abstract

A factorial mating was carried out between male parents (OH₍₁₎, ZP-31₍₂₎, UN440₍₃₎, INbread12₍₄₎ and ZP-607₍₅₎) and female parents (SH₍₆₎, IK-58₍₇₎, IK-8₍₈₎ and R-153₍₉₎). It had been done during spring 2014 at a farm in Baiji district. Parents and their hybrids had been evaluated at Shwan Research Station, Directorate of Agriculture in Kirkuk in autumn 2015 to figure out parents general combining ability (GCA), hybrids specific combining ability (SCA) and dominant gene action for number of days till male and female flowering, plant height, leaf area, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, 100 grain weight and single plant yield. Results showed a significant genetic difference among the genotypes in most of the characteristics except number of rows per ear for male parents. The male parents (INbread12₍₄₎ and ZP-607₍₇₎)weresignificantly combined positively for plant height and leaf area in INbread12₍₄₎and 100 grain and yield for ZP-607₍₇₎. The same positive direction was obtained in female parents (IK-8₍₈₎ and R-153₍₉₎) for number of days till female flowering, number of rows per ear and yield for IK-8₍₈₎, and leaf area, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row and yield for R-153₍₉₎. Hybridssignificantly combined in a desired direction as well. For example, (OH X R-153), (INbread12 R-153X) and (ZP-607 X IK-58) combined in growth and yield characteristics. The components ratio of (GCA) to (SCA) was less than one, and the dominance variance was more than the additive variance. This was reflected on the broad sense heritability which was high, and on the narrow sense heritability which was low. Finally, it is possible to prognosticate that studied characteristics were controlled by the dominant gene action, and can be selected as promising hybrids and avoiding the selection in the early generations.

Kew words: Maize, Factorial mating system, Genetic parameters.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Genetic Analysis of Some Productivity Traits and Earliness in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Rawaa El-Shiekh Attiea*⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rawaa El-Shiekh Attiea. E-Mail: dr. rawaa3@gmail.com).

Received: 12/11/2019 Accepted: 31/12/2019

Abstract

Genetic potential, combining ability, heterosis effects and heritability were studied in F1 genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum L., at Cotton Research Station in Deir Ezzor, Syria. Four parental genotypes (Aleppo 33/1 (P₁), Deir Ezzor 22 (P₂), Line 106 (P₃) and Line G73 (P₄)) and their six F1 half diallel progenies were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2011 season to study seed cotton yield (S.C.Y.kg/don.); lint percentage (L.P.%) and earliness percentage (E.P.%). Results showed significant (p≤0.01) differences among the genotypes, parents and crosses for seed cotton yield and lint percentage. Significant (p≤0.05) differences were observed for parent vs. crosses indication to average heterosis over all hybrids for the above two traits. For earliness, insignificant differences were showed among genotypes, crosses and parent vs. crosses, but significant (p≤0.05) differences were showed among parents. Results indicated that best genotypes which performed highest mean and general combining ability were: lines 106 and G73 for seed cotton yield; Deir Ezzor 22 for lint percentage and Aleppo 33-1 for earliness percentage. Thus, it could be suggested that these parental varieties could be utilized in a breeding program for improving these traits to pass favorable genes for improving hybrid and subsequently producing improved genotypes through the selection in segregating generations. Best crosses based on mean performance and/or heterosis and/or specific combining ability were Aleppo 33-1*G73 followed by Aleppo 33-1*line 106 for seed cotton yield; Aleppo 33-1*G73 for lint percentage and Line 106*G73 for earliness percentage. Suggesting that these crosses could be used in breeding program to improve such traits. On the other hand, results showed high value of H²_b % and low value of H²_n%for seed cotton yield, ascertained that dominance effects had great role in the existence of the variability of this trait, which insure that the expected gain from recurrent back crossing for seed cotton yield would be high in the breeding program. However, estimates of H²_b % and H²_n% for both of lint percentage and earliness percentage were high. Theses convergence of narrow and broad heritability values revealed that both additive and non-additive gene actions played important roles in the inheritance of these two above traits, so breeding program should contain selection and hybridization for improving these traits.

Kay words: Cotton, Combining ability, Heterosis, Heritability.

Full Paper in English: PDF