Tag Archives: Sunflower

The Effect of Water Stress on the Most Important Economic Traits of Two Genotypes Oilseed Sunflower

Divana Youssef*1

1 Department of Crops, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Lattakia, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Divana Youssef. E-Mail: Divanayousseef@gmail.com ).

Received: 28/ 06/ 2025                 Accepted: 7/ 09/ 2025

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in the Damsarkho area of Latakia Governorate, during the 2024 season. The research included two genetically derived sunflower seeds (Model 90 – Municipal variety) obtained from the Crops Department of the General Authority for Agricultural Scientific Research. They are two genetically distinct oil types, with fluctuating productivity. With the aim of searching for genetic models that are most suitable for local environmental conditions, and determining the effect of lack of irrigation water on growth characteristics, seed yield and their components. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the design of complete random sectors with three iterations, and the experiment included four levels of moisture stress: witness treatment, depletion of 25)%) of ready-made water, and other third treatments that represent 50% – 75% – 100% of field capacity during two stages from planting until the formation of the flower bud and from the formation of the flower bud until maturity. The results showed that the greater the water stress, the more the first of the two models entered the flowering and maturity stages compared to the witness. With the Model 90 outperforming the Badi variety under water stress in morphological characteristics (plant height) and all productive characteristics (disc diameter 15.63 cm, number of seeds per disc 1040.1 seeds, weight of 100 seeds 5.16 g, productivity 2.92 tons/e). The lack of morale when irrigating is 100-75% of the field capacity for most morphological and productive characteristics, and thus a large amount of irrigation water necessary to complete the sunflower life cycle can be provided without moral reduction in the value of characteristics, especially productivity.  The value of proline also increased when water stress occurred compared to the witness, and the highest was in the municipal variety, 38.65 micromol/g.

Keywords: sunflower, water stress, prolin.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Estimation of Some Genetic Indicators of Sunflower Helianthus annus L. Varieties Growth and Production Characteristics under Different Plant Densities

Mohamed Nael Khattab*(1) Waseem Adla(2) and Erwa Suleiman(1)

(1). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Al-Ghab Agricultural Scientific Research Center. General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohamed Nael Khattab. E-Mail: aboalabd876@gmail.com).

Received: 03/01/2019                                Accepted: 20/02/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out with the aim of estimating some genetic indicators of growth and productivity characteristics to determine the important trait or traits in the selection to be used in breeding programs, for five varieties of sunflower Helianthus annus L. (variety 90, variety 19, variety 9, local variety, and variety 54), which were received from the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), and were planted in three densities (44000, 55000, and 74000 plants/ha), according to randomized completely block design arranged in split-plot with three replicates. The varieties were distributed in the main plots, while the plant densities were allocated in the secondary plots in AL-Gab region (Hama) during season 2018. The results revealed that there were genotypic and phenotypic homogeneity, according to the lowest genetic variance coefficient (GCV) and phenotypic variance coefficient (PCV) for most of the studied traits. Genetic variability was the largest percentage of phenotypic variation. The broad sense heritability values ranged from 83% to 96%, especially at the density of 74000 plants/ha of some traits and reflected on genetic progress which was high and ranged between 14-30%. The results also showed that the best variety that can be evaluated for several years and in more than one geographic location was (variety 9), if planted in a density of 44000 plants/ha to get high productivity components. The characteristics of number of days until flowering, maturity, plant length and productivity kg/ha are better on density of 74000 plants/ha. It is concluded that number of seeds per head and seeds weight can be used as selection indices.

Keywords: Sunflower, Densities, Genetic indicators.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF