Tag Archives: Barley

Spot Diseases Survey on Barley in North Eastern of Syria and Evaluation the Response of Some Varieties Against Spot Blotch

Alan Remo*(1)

(1). Al Qamishly Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Alan Remo. E-Mail: alanremo123@hotmail.com).

Received: 16/10/2018                                Accepted: 24/02/2019

Abstract

Barley is an important crop in Syria, many fungal pathogens caused barley foliage diseases. So this study aimed to survey the main diseases in the region, identify the most frequent pathogenic fungi, and evaluate reaction of some released varieties of barley against Helminthosporium sativum at two stages, the first was at both tilling and extension, while the second was at the extension stage only, therefore, barley fields in the North Eastern Syria were  surveyed during the two growing seasons 2013 and 2014. The results showed spread some barley diseases such as Helminthosporium sativum, Alternaria alternate and Rhynchosporium secalis, in the region, and the most frequent pathogen was Helminthosporium sativum. Arabi Aswad variety was the most susceptible variety to H. sativum, while Furat 2, Furat 3 and “Furat 6” were the most resistant/tolerance at tiller stage, and Furat 7 was the most susceptible, while, Furat 2 and Furat 6 were the most resistant/tolerances cultivars in the extension stage.

Keywords: Syria, Barley, Leaf necrosis, Helminthosporium sativum.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Study of Genetic Diversity and Correlation of some Important Traits of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.( Genotypes Using Diversity Array Technology Markers (DArT)

Abdullatef Ahmad Al-Assaf*(1) Mohammad Shafik Hakim(1) Mohammad Fadi Basmaji(2) and Stefania Grando(3)

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Aleppo Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Abdullatef Ahmad Al-Assaf. E-Mail: a.alassaf74@gmail.com).

Received: 13/11/2018                                Accepted: 02/12/2018

Abstract

The research was conducted in corporation between Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University and General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) and International Center for Agricultural Researches in Dry Area ICARDA at three locations: Tal Hadya, Homeimeh and Breda during two seasons 2008/2009 and 2099/2010. RCBD was used with three replications. The study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity in barley using 43 collected genotypes from seven different geographical regions in the world to be used in the breeding programs. In addition, to study the association between markers with grain yield and plant height and some root traits in barley seedlings under controlling conditions to determine assisted markers for selection this trait in dry areas. 70 DArT markers (Diversity Array Technology) were used in the DNA analysis, and 139 alleles were detected in the whole collection. The number of alleles detected per locus varied from zero to 2, with an average of 1.99 alleles per locus. The genetic diversity GD values ranged between zero and 0.5, with an average of 0.366, while the Polymorphism Information Content PIC values ranged between zero and 0.488 with average of 0.358. The high level of genetic diversity and the absence of genetic similarity among genotypes indicated high genetic variability levels within barley collection. The results indicated that the collection regions had high genetic diversity of barley genotypes. Moreover, there is a positive association between molecular markers and barley traits, as 27 markers were associated with the traits in whole barley genome.

Key words: Barley, Genetic diversity, Molecular markers, DArT, Association analysis.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Study of Genetic Variability and Traits Correlations in Some Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes under Wet and Dry Conditions in Syria

Abdullatef Ahmad Al-Assaf*(1) Mohammad Shafik Hakim(2) Mohammad Fadi Basmaji(1) and Stefania Grando(3)

(1).  Aleppo Agricultural Research Center, General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). International Center of Agricultural Research in Dry Area (ICARDA), Aleppo Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng: Abdullatef Ahmad Al-Assaf. E-Mail: a.alassaf74@gmail.com).

Received: 14/10/2018                                Accepted: 29/11/2018

Abstract

Experiment was conducted out at Tal Hadya and Houmeimeh Stations in Aleppo Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Researche (GCSAR) during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons. Forty-three barley genotypes were used with three replications under RCBD design. The aim of search was to study phenotypic, genetic and ecological variability, with heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations. Genotypes were evaluated for: plant height, spike length, grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight and grain yield, besides some root traits. The results showed a large variability through studied traits. The genetic and phenotypic variances were larger than ecological variance for most traits. The highest value for heritability was 91.12% for plant high. Under dry conditions, plant growth was significantly decreased as measured by all characters. The percentage of reduction, ranging from 66.96 % to 1.90 % was recorded on grain yield and kernel weight, respectively. The injury index ranging from 2,03 to 0.02 was recorded on grain yield and kernel weight, respectively. The correlation coefficients among characters were nearly the same in the wet and dry experiments. Positive and highly significant correlation (r=0.95**) was found between the percentage of reduction and injury index. Using GGE Biplot the genotypes were arranged in three, clearly separated groups that varied in their tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes: 4, 17, 16, 18 and 28 were tolerant to drought stress.

Key words: Barley, Genotypic variation, Genotypic correlation, Injury index, Drought tolerance.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Interaction Between Agricultural Extension and Barley Farmers and the Most Important Problems of Production in Sweida Governorate

Safwan Abou Assaf*(1) Bassam Al Atalah(1) Ghada Janoud(2)and Remal Saab(1)

(1). Sweida Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Directorate of Agriculture and Agricultural Reform, Sweida, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Safwan Abou Assaf. E-Mail:aboassaf2011@hotmail.com).

Received: 21/06/2018                                Accepted: 05/11/2018

Abstract

Agricultural policies and plans try to support barley as an important component of crop combination in Sweida governorate. The research aimed to identify the most important interactions between agricultural extension and barley farmers in Sweida governorate (located in the south of Syria), and to identify the most important problems of production facing barley farmers. To achieve these goals, different statistical tools were used including Spearman and Pearson coefficients and 4-point Likert scale. Data were collected from a random sample of barley farmers in Sweida governorate during season 2014/2015. The results revealed that interaction degree was weak in 51.74% of the sample and moderate in 30.23%. In spite of this result, there was a significantly positive relation between the interaction degree and each of: the presence of the agricultural extension unit in the village, registration in an agricultural cooperative, farmer’s age, experience in agriculture, the main work of the farmer (whether it is related to agriculture or not). The most important problems face barley production from the farmers’ point of view was the increase in labor and fuel prices. The participation of the farmer in the research and in the extension unit’s activities at all stages, is highly recommended to improve the interaction with agricultural extension and scientific research centers.

Keywords: Agricultural extension, Extension activities, Barley, Sweida governorate.

Full paper in English: PDF

Study of Genetic Variability and Traits Correlations in Some Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes under Wet and Dry Conditions in Syria

Abdullatef Ahmad Al-Assaf*(1) Mohammad Shafik Hakim(2) Mohammad Fadi Basmaji(1) and Stefania Grando(3)

(1). Aleppo Agricultural Research Center, General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(3) . International Center of Agricultural Research in Dry Area (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Abdullatef Ahmad Al-Assaf. E-Mail: a.alassaf74@gmail.com).

Received: 14/10/2018                                Accepted: 29/11/2018

Abstract

The experiment was conducted at Tal Hadya and Houmeimeh Agricultural Stations in Aleppo Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Researche (GCSAR) during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons. Forty-three barley genotypes were used with three replications under RCBD design. The aim of the research was to study the phenotypic, genetic and environmental variability, heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations. Genotypes were evaluated for plant height, spike length, grain number per spike, thousand grains weight and grain yield, besides some root traits. The results showed a large variability within studied traits. The genetic and phenotypic variances were larger than environmental variance for most traits. The highest value of heritability was 91.12% for plant high. Under dry conditions, plant growth was significantly decreased as measured by all characters. The percentages of reduction, ranged from 66.96 % to 1.90 % for grain yield and grain weight, respectively. The injury index ranged from 2,03 to 0.02 for grain yield and grain weight, respectively. The correlation coefficients among characters were nearly the same in the wet and dry locations. Positive and highly significant correlation (r=0.95**) was found between the percentage of reduction and injury index. Using GGE Biplot the genotypes were arranged in three groups that varied in their tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes 4, 17, 16, 18, and 28 were tolerant to drought stress.

Key words: Barley, Genotypic variation, Genotypic correlation, Injury index, Drought tolerance.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Combining Ability Estimation of Earliness Traits and Yield Components in Some Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes

Saleh Saleh(1) Mohammed Shafik Hakim(1) Abdullah Al-Yousef*(2) and Ahmed Shams ElDien Shaaban(3)

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Aleppo Agricultural Research Center, General Community for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Technical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Addullah Al-Youssef. E-Mail: dr.abdalyoussef@gmail.com).

Received: 19/03/2018                                Accepted: 19/04/2018

Abstract

The research was conducted at Al_Sfireh location in Aleppo during 2015/2016 and 2016/207 seasons to estimate general combining ability GCA and specific combining ability SCA for seven genotypes of barley. Three of them were local: Arabi Aswad (P1), Arabi Abyad (P2) and Furat 3 (P3), and four entries were: Alanda-01 (P4), Rihan-03 (P5), Arizona (P6) and Avit (P7). Half-Diallel cross system were preformed between parents at first season. In the second season, parents and hybrids were planted to study days to heading (DTH), days to maturity (DTM), fertile tillering number per plant (FT), grain number per main spike (GN) and thousand kernel weight (TKW). The parents p1 and p3 showed a high general combining ability for the most studied traits.  The hybrid (P1×P3) had significant value for SCA effects in most studied traits. The hybrids: (P4×P6, P5×P7, P4×P5) had significant value for SCA effects for (GN). Variance component of GCA and SCA were highly significant, and this indicates to the importance of additive and non-additive gene action in inheritance of the studied traits. The ratio of GCA/SCA was less than 1.0 for DTH, DTM and TKW and this indicates to importance of dominant and over dominant genes in inheritance of these traits. Whereas the ratio was bigger than 1.0 for FT and GN and this indicates to importance of accumulated genes in inheritance of these traits

Key Words: Half-Diallel cross, Combining ability, Earliness, Yield, Barley.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Using Gradual Drought Technique to Discriminate Moisture Stress Tolerance Capacity of Some Barley Genotypes

Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban(1) Abdullah Al-Youssef*(2) Naim Al-Hussein(2)

Yaman Jabbour(2) Saleh Saleh(2) and Hiba Al-Atrash(2)

(1). Dept. of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Aleppo Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Addullah Al-Youssef.  Email: dr.abdalyoussef@gmail.com).

Received: 03/11/2016                                 Accepted: 21/12/2016

Abstract

Gradual drought experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions at a Field of Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Syria, during 2016 season to compare transpiration rate of eight barley genotypes. Relations between Normalized Transpiration Ratio (NTR) and Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water (FTSW) were determined using linear plateau models. Results showed that, there were differences in the curve of relation between NTR and FTSW for the studied genotypes. The lowest threshold values were 0.43 for Furat 5 genotype, while the highest value was 0.64 for Araby Aswad genotype. Also, Araby Aswad genotype had the minimum decreasing in wet biomass after gradual drought imposing, where the decreasing in biomass was (19.3%), followed by Furat 3 (31.5%). Whereas, decreasing ratio in other genotypes exceeded 65%, and ranged between 66.5% for Furat 2 genotype to 80.3% for T6669 genotype.

Key words: Gradual dehydration, Transpiration ratio, Water stress threshold, Barley.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Zeolite Effect on Two Saline Alkaline Soils and the Productivity of Some Forage Crops under Deir Azzor Governorate Conditions

Zeolite Effect on Two Saline Alkaline Soils and the Productivity of Some Forage Crops under Deir Azzor Governorate Conditions

Arij Khuder*(1) Awadis Arslan(2) and Omar Abdulrazzak(3)

(1). The General Commission for Scientific Research
(2). The Higher Commission for Scientific Research
(3). Department of soil and soil reclamation/Faculty of Agriculture DeirAzzor.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Arij Khuder. Email: areejalkeder@gmail.com).

Received: 20/04/2016                           Accepted: 24/05/2016

Abstract

Two forage crops sorghum and barley were sown within crop rotation to study the effect of zeolite on two saline alkaline soils, in two soils differ in salinity where the ECe values of (7.92 and 14.91)  dS/m for the first and second soils, respectively. The experiment was conducted at the Third Location of Almrieih, Agricultural Research Center in Euphrates Basin, Deir Ezzor/Syria. Zeolite was added in two rates (20 and 30 t/ha) besides the control (no addition), using Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD, with three replicates. The results obtained by the end of 2009/2010 season showed a reduction in soils salinity under the effect of adding zeolite. The application of zeolite 30 t/ha was superior in ECe reduction, where it reached 15 and 23% compared with control for medium and high salinity soils, respectively that cultivated with sorghum. The reduction rates for the soils cultivated with barley were 18.8 and 17.89% for medium and high salinity soils, respectively. Also there was a reduction in the pH and the concentration of ions in the soil extracts. The analysis showed positive improvement in soil physicist, chemical and fertility characters because of zeolite addition, such as ESP reduction, which it reached 35.48 and 28.40 % compared with control for medium and high salinity soils, respectively cultivated with sorghum. The reduction rates for the soils cultivated with barley were 44.84 and 35.73% for medium and high salinity soils, respectively. The results exhibited an increase in the productivity of fresh and dry weight of sorghum and grain yield of barley, as a result of zeolite addition, where the increase in yield for medium salinity soil was double than that of high salinity soil. The addition of zeolite of 30 t/ha was significantly superior over the other treatment and the control.

Keywords: Zeolite, Barley, Sorghum, Soil salinity and alkalinity, Forage productivity, Grain yield.

Full paper in Arabic: Zeolite Effect on Two Saline Alkaline Soils and the Productivity of Some Forage Crops under Deir Azzor Governorate Conditions