Tag Archives: Quinoa

The Effect of Plant Density on the Morphological and ‎Production Traits of Some Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa ‎Willd) Varieties

Entessar Al Jbawi*(1) Manal Othman(1) Doaa Homsi(1) Nahla Al Mahmoud(1) Entessar Hasan(1) Thamer Al Huniesh(2) Mu’ad Abdu-Latif Kiyyam(3) and Mohammad Ali(2)

(1). Sugar Beet Research Department, Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Crops Research Administration, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan.

(*corresponding author: Dr. Entessar Al Jbawi. E-Mial:dr.entessara@gmail.com).

Received: 10/03/2020                               Accepted: 29/05/2020

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Karahta Agricultural Station, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during 2018 season, to study the effect of six plant densities (10, 15 and 20 cm between plants within the row; 30 and 50 cm between rows) and five quinoa varieties i.e Giza, Titicaca, Red Carina,  Q26 and NSL-106398) on the morphological and production traits. A factorial trial was executed according to Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results exhibited significant differences between plant densities of all studied traits. In terms of varieties, there were significant differences in plant height (cm), grain yield (Kg/ha) and bio-yield (Kg/ha), where the highest values were achieved at low densities. But there was a significant effect of the interaction between plant densities and varieties on bio-yield. The study recommends to grow quinoa using 100, 133 and 200 thousand plants per hectare, but the distance between should be 50 cm, to get the best morphological and production traits. Also, Red Carina and Titicaca varieties are recommended to be grown to get the highest grain yield (2747 and 2818 Kg/ha) and biological yield (6702 and 6561 Kg/ha) respectively, as compared with the other varieties.

Key words: Quinoa, Plant densities, Varieties. 

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Determination of the Physical, Chemical and Sensory Properties of Gluten-Free Biscuits by Mixing Different Proportions of Anbar Rice Flour and Quinoa Flour

Resala Husain Al-Lami(1) Raghad Salman Mohammed*(2) and Raghdan Hashem Muhsen(3)

(1). Facultu of Biology Technique, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq.

(2). Ministry of Science and Technology, Iraq.

(3). Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baraa University, Al-Basraa, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Raghad Salman Mohamed. E-Mail: raghad1974@yahoo.com).

Received: 14/11/2019                                Accepted: 31/12/2019

Abstract

This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the possibility of making free gluten biscuits and estimating their quality by analyzing the characteristics of the biscuits resulting from the mixing of quinoa flour with rice flour, to make different combinations of biscuits for children with gluten allergy, after some physical treatments such as cleaning, soaking and drying of quinoa, peeling and grinding of rice in order to make three mixtures of biscuits. The first mixture was 100% quinoa flour, the second mixture was quinoa flour of 50% and rice flour of 50%  and the third mixture was quinoa flour  of 25% and  rice flour of 75%, in order to test the best mix of biscuits based on the highest chemical and quality tests such as, moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrates, fat and energy. As well as measuring the ratios of some mineral elements and comparing them with the recommendations of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for children’s food. Beside measuring important active compounds, amino acids and sensory evaluation such as external appearance, texture, color, taste, sensory and physical and chemical properties of biscuits. Physical and sensory results showed that the best mix was the second which was 50:50 quinoa and rice. Which were characterized by acceptable characteristics in terms of taste, appearance and the spread of biscuits produced.

Key words: Gluten allergy, Biscuits for children, Quinoa, Anbar rice.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Determination of the Optimal Sowing Date of Quinoa [Chenopodium quinoa Willd] in Some Syrian Areas

Saud Shehab*(1) Thamer Alhenish(1) Attalla Algareeb(1) Weal Melly(2) Ahmed Ez Aldeen(2) Ahmed Al Ali(2) Abd AL Nasser Alomar(2) Ryad Baleesh(1) and Mohamed Ali(1)

(1). Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center of Hama, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Saud Shehab. E-Mail: saudshehab@gmail.com).

Received: 22/07/2018                                Accepted: 14/11/2018

Abstract

Experiments were carried out at Qarahta Research Station and Hama Research Center during the growing seasons 2016 and 2017. Four varieties were studied and three sowing dates, in order to identify the optimal planting date (1st February, 15th February and 15th March) and the best variety (NSL-106398, AMS-13923, AMS-13761 and Zeer) in terms of yield. The Results of compound analysis of flowering days showed significant differences (P≤0.05) between locations, planting dates and varieties. The earliest was Qarahta location, third sowing date and Zeer variety (75, 59, 72 days) respectively, the same differences obtained for physiological maturity on third sowing date (114 days) and Zeer variety (120 days). The plant height had significant differences between locations and varieties where the highest values were for Hama location (157 cm), second sowing date (149 cm) and AMS-137161variety (168 cm). The heads number per plant showed significant differences for location, sowing dates and varieties and the highest values were for Qarahta location, first sowing date and AMS-13923 variety (8, 9, 9 heads) respectively. The grain yield showed significant differences, the highest grain yield was in Hama (3.510 t/ha), first sowing date (2.980 t/ha) and Zeer variety (3.620 t/ha). Zeer and NSL-106398 varieties and early sowing dates from 1st to15th February are recommended to plant in Syria.

Key words: Quinoa, Sowing dates, Morphological characteristics, Quinoa yield.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Drainage Water on Some Soil Properties and Production of Quinoa, Study of Water and Fertilizers Requirements

Mohammad Manhal Al-Zubi *(1) Haitham Eid(2) Mohammad Hakkoun(1) Mahmoud Barhoum(2) Razan Karfoul(2) Mahmoud Asaad(2) Khattar Darwish(2) Nawar Al Jrdi(2) and Yamen Ahmad(2)

(1). Administration of Water Resources, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Tartous Agricultural Research Center, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Manhal Al-Zubi. E-Mail: manhalzo@yahoo.com).

Received: 01/02/2018                                Accepted: 14/04/2018

Abstract

The effect of irrigation with drainage water on the productivity of quinoa variety (NSL-106398), and determination of fertilizer and water requirements were studied. A field experiment was conducted at Zahed Research Station, Tartous Research Center for two growing seasons 2016 and 2017. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design with three replications. Tow water quality treatments were applied [drainage water (DW) and fresh water (FW)], and three fertilizer levels were used NPK1 (80 kg N/ha, 30 kg P2O5/ha, 30 kg K2O /ha), NPK2 (100 kg N/ha, 40 kg P2O5/ha, 40 kg K2O /ha), and NPK3 (120 kg N/ha, 50 kg P2O5/ha, 50 kg K2O/ha). The results showed a significant increasing in the soil conductivity EC under drainage treatments DW (1.15 dS/m) compared to the fresh water FW treatment (0.68 dS/m) in the first season, whereas the differences were not significant in the second season. Soil was analyzed at the end of the two seasons, the results showed significant increasing in total nitrogen when treatments irrigated with DW (0.153%) compared to the treatments irrigated with FW (0. 132%) in the first season. While phosphorus and potassium were not significantly increased when fertilization of these two elements was increased within the treatments of water quality and mineral fertilization treatments, but the difference in available potassium in the second season, was significant within water quality treatments. The grain yield regarding DW treatment was significantly increased (2.65 ton/ha) compared to the FW (2.055 ton/ha), also the grain yield significantly increased by mineral fertilization treatments (2.04, 2.347, 2.67 ton/ha respectively). Whereas in the second season DW increased the grain yield (2.22 ton/ha) compared to the FW (2 ton/ha). The grain yield increased significantly in treatment NPK3 (2.56) compared to the treatments NPK1 and NPK2 (2.023, 1.745 ton/ha respectively). Straw productivity was increased in mineral fertilization treatments (10, 9.83, 10.42 ton/ha) in the first season. Furthermore, results showed that water use efficiency in the treatment NPK3 was the best for both water types DW, and FW (1.3 and 1 kg/m3, respectively). Therefore, the study recommends that the water requirement of quinoa under the conditions of Tartous Governorate was 2000 m3/ha, and the fertilizer recommendation was (120 kg N/ha, 50 kg P2O5/ha, 50 kg K2O /ha)

Key wards: Drainage water, Quinoa, Water requirement, Mineral fertilizers.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF