Category Archives: v7n3June 2020

Effect of planting Date, Seed Rate and Location on the ‎Incidence of Luteoviruses Affecting Chickpea under Natural ‎Infection in Syria

Nader Assad*(1) Safaa Kumari(2) Amin Haj-Kassem(3) Salah Al-Chaabi(4) and Attia Arab(4)

(1). AlGhab Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Torbol Station, International Center for Agriculture Research in Dry Area (ICARDA), Albekaa, Lebanon.

(3). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(4). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascuse, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Nader Assad. E-Mail: asaad_nader@yahoo.com).

Received: 21/03/2020                               Accepted: 12/05/2020

Abstract

Field experiments were carried out during 2017/2018 cropping season to study the effect of three planting dates (5 December, 25 December and 15 January) and five seed rates (80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 kg/ha) in two different sites/locations (Al Ghab Research Center and Jeb Ramleh Research Station/ Syria) on the chickpea infection with luteoviruses (aphid-born persistently transmitted viruses), which causing yellowing and stunting symptoms under natural infections. Tissue blot-immunoassay (TBIA) results showed that luteoviruses (family Luteoviridae) were the main causal of stunting and yellowing symptoms on randomly selected chickpea plants. High level of significant differences (P < 0.001) were recorded within the two experimental sites/locations. The early sowing date (5 December) reduced the percence of virus incidence by 75 and 85%, and grain yield were increased by 3.5 and 30.9% compared to other sowing dates (25 December and 15 January, respectively). Also, incidence of luteoviruses was reduced by 41% and remarkable enhancement of grain yield up to 28% was recorded on the second sowing date (25 December) compared to 3rd planting date (15 January). Disease incidence differed significantly (P< 0.001) at all levels of seeding rates, and it decreased gradually (2.7> 1.9> 1.5> 0.97> 0.63 %) in contrary to increased seeding rates (80< 100< 120< 140< 160 kg/ha, respectively). In addition, significant interactions were recorded between planting date and seed rate treatments, whereas the best treatment which was recorded when planting at the rates of 100 and 120 kg/h in early date (5 September), and the highest grain yield were 2,495 and 2,487 kg/ha, respectively, with low luteovirus incidence (0.5 and 0.45%, respectively). On the other hand, increasing of seed rates up to 140 and160 kg/ha played a positive role by decreasing the rate of virus infections by 64.3 and 76.7%, respectively, and enhancing the grain yield up to 25.7 and 30%, respectively when planting date was late on (15th January), to the contrary of early planting date where high seed rates resulted into negative effects on the grain yield. The highest parameters (except the disease severity levels) were significantly recorded (P<0.001) in Al Ghab Research Center in comparison to that of Jeb Ramleh Research Station with rates of 12, 40 and 39.5% for grain yield, infected plants per plot and disease incidence %, respectively; and in general, the performance of parameters were somehow similar in both locations with some differences.  

Keywords: TBIA, chickpea, seed rate, planting dates, Syria, Luteoviruses.

Full paper in English: PDF

Assessment the Effect of Aqueous Extract of Peganum ‎harmala Seeds on Fertility of Male Mice

Samira Musa ELghul*(1) Nagia Musa Sasi(2) and  Ebtesam Mohammed Ahmed(3)

(1). Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tripoli University, Libya.

(2). Biotechnology Center, Tripoli, Libya.

 (3). Zoology Department, Collage of Science, Sirte University, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Samira Musa ELghul. E. Mail: samira_18_3@yahoo.com).

Received: 22/03/2020                               Accepted: 18/05/2020

Abstract

Peganum harmala is one of the medicinal plants, it is a widely used in a traditional medicine to treat several diseases, so the aim of this study was to evaluate of effect of aqueous extract of Peganum harmala seeds on fertility in male mice. Sixteen male mice were used in this study at age of 6 – 10 weeks, they were divided into two groups of 8 mice each, the control group was given distilled water by mouth, while another group was received aqueous extract of Peganum harmala seeds at a dose of (300 mg/kg) for three weeks. The results showed a significant decline in body and epididymis weight in the treated group comparing to the control group. There was no any effect of aqueous extract of Peganum harmala on sperm parameters and testicular tissue. Also no significant change was observed in percent of deformed embryos and dead embryos of females impregnated by males treated with the aqueous extract when compare to control.

Key words: Peganum harmala, Male mice, Testis, Fertility.

Full paper in English: PDF

The Application Effect of GA3 on Plant Growth, Yield and ‎Quality Attributes of Tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill.) ‎

Kamal Krishna Mistry*(1) Kazi Farhad Iqubal(2) and Shyama Prasad Bapari(3)

(1). Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Akbar Ali Khan Technical Institute (Education Complex) under the Ministry of Education, Comilla-3517, Dhaka

(2). Department of Environmental Science, State University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

(3). Ministry of Education, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Kamal Krishna Mistry. E-Mail: kkmistryphd@yahoo.com)

Received: 13/04/2020                               Accepted: 22/05/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted at the ‘Integrated Farm’ of the International Anjel Association, Voluntary Organization of Japan, Konabari, Gazipure during the period of 10 November-30 January 2018, Bangladesh to find out the better performance of GA3 treatments doses on tomato variety Ratan. Data were collected on plant height, leaves number, fruits number per plant, fruit weight per plant, ascorbic acid and total soluble solids (Brix) regarding five levels of gibberellic acid viz. 20  ppm (T1), 40 ppm (T2), 60 ppm (T3), 80 ppm (T4) and 100 ppm (T5) beside T0 which represents the control. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Application of GA3 at 100 ppm caused an increase in plant height (50.30 cm), leaves number (50), fruits number (29.50 per/plant), fruit weight (1.52 kg/plant),  ascorbic acid (1.80 mg/100gm) and total soluble solids (4.10 Brix) among the different treatments of GA3.

Keywords: Gibberellic acid (GA3), Tomato, Yield, Quality, Bangladesh.   

Full paper in English: PDF

First Report of Polymorphism of Hippodamia variegata ‎‎(Goeze) (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) in the Coastal Area of ‎Syria (Latakia Governorate)‎

Mohammad Ahmad(1) Majeda Mohammed Mofleh(2) and Hiba Makhlouf*(3)

(1). Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University, Latakia,
Syria.
(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria.
(3). Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Latakia, (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Eng. Hiba Makhlouf. E-Mail: hibalim87@gmail.com).

Received: 25/04/2020                               Accepted: 05/06/2020

Abstract

In this study, various morphological patterns of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777)(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were identified. Adult specimens were collected from various places of the Syrian coastal area, in Lattakia governorate, and reared in the laboratory at different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35)˚C during the period 2014-2016. Different colorations were noted in various forms on the elytron. The number of patches located on the elytron was variable and ranged from 3 to 7 spots. Depending on the number, size and shape of these spots, 37 morphs of H. variegata were identified.

Key words: Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Hippodamia variegata, Lattakia, Polymorphism, Syria.

Full paper in English: PDF

Carcass Characteristics in Three Lines of Quail (Coturnix ‎coturnix spp) and Their Crosses II- The Percentages

Shekhmous H. Hussen*(1)

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, KR– Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Shekhmous H. Hussen. E-Mail: sheikhmous68@gmail.com).

Received: 23/03/2020                               Accepted: 29/05/2020

Abstract

A total of 54 quail birds aged 42 days from both sexes within nine genotypes (WW, LL, DD, WL, WD, LD, LW, DW and DL) – that resulted from full diallel cross of three lines (White, Light brown and Dark brown) – were used in this research. The trial was conducted at Dept. of Animal production, college of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, KR-Iraq, 2016. The live birds were weighed (LBW) and then slaughtered to be dissected into four major parts after eviscerating; the giblets part, the whole slaughtered birds (carcass), both legs and finally the rest body (included breast and back of both sides). These major parts were weighed and calculated as ratio to LBW to be percentage (%). The findings showed that the effect of genotype, sex and their interaction were significant on all studied characteristics, except the effect of sex on giblets %. The WD cross recorded the highest carcass and body %, while the WW line achieved the highest giblets % and DL reciprocal cross resulted in the highest leg %. The males surpassed females in carcass, leg and body %; in spite of superiority of females in LBW than males. The crosses resulted from D dam, appeared the highest interaction with males for carcass, body and leg percentages; while the same line as sire was combined well with L line as dam, and interacted positively with males for giblets %. Carcass percent correlated significantly and negatively with LBW, and regression analysis illustrated a good dependency of carcass % on LBW.

 Key words: Quail, Crosses, Carcass dissection percentages.

Full paper in English: PDF

Impact of Certain Insecticides Against Pink Bollworm ‎Pectinophora gossypiella, Sucking Pests, and Their Associated ‎Predators in Cotton Fields

Mohammed E. M. A. Hegab*(1) Ahmad A. T. Zaki(1) Ali A.A. El-Sayed(1) and Adel A. Amer(1)

(1). Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammed E. M. A. Hegab. E-Mail: drmhegab@yahoo.com). 

Received: 15/03/2020                                              Accepted: 12/05/2020

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted at ALZagazig  Al-Sharkia  Governorate during 2017 cotton season to tested some chemical insecticides on the larvae of  Pectinophora gossypiella cotton bolls. Three insecticides of Chlorpyrifos+Chlorfluazeron then Lambda-Cypermethrin and then Chlorpyrifos) on P. gossypiella, certain sucking pests, (Aphis gossypii, Bemecia tabaci, Empoasca spp., Nezara veridula and Tetranychus spp.) and their associated predators, (Coccinella spp., Chrysoperla spp., Peaderus alferii, Scymnus spp., Orius spp. and true spiders). The resultes showed that 1st spray was moderately effective on P. gossypiella larvae and recorded 67.33 % reduction after 2nd week while, the highest reduction was 85.71% after 2nd week of 2nd spray. The seasonal mean of reduction was 73.89% after the three sprays. In case of studying the effect of pesticides used to control pink bollworm and its effect on sucking piercing pests. Also, data revealed that the 1st spray was the preferable spray on Tetranychus. spp. and Aphid gossypii attained (100 and 87.79 %), respectively. while in the case of the 2nd spray the effect were noticed on A. gossypii, Tetranychus. spp. and Empoasca spp., which attained (100, 53.40 and 56.20 % ). While the 3rd spray recorded the high mean of reduction percentages on N. veredula and A. gossypii attained (92.15 and 84.16 %). The seasonal mean of reduction percentages after the three sprays can be arranged as follows: (90.65, 79.82, 71.52, 58.56 and 36.49 %) of A. gossypii, N. veredula ,Tetranychus. spp., B. tabaci and Empoasca spp., respectively. On the other hand, the effect of the tested compounds on  Chrysoperla spp. were 53.72, 8.23 and 9.39 % reduction recorded after the three sprays, respectively. The obtained results cleared that the tested predators affected on all sucking pests population numbers and recorded the lowest seasonal mean 23.78 % which recorded on Chrysoperla spp. On the other side there was found a relationship ranged between positive & negative and insignificant between Coccinella spp. and the sucking pests, and the relationship was positive and significant with Empoasca spp. In the case of the Chrysoperla spp., the relationship was, and significant with Empoasca  spp., N. veridula and Tetranychus spp. numbers. Whereas in the case of Scymnus spp., the relationship was positive or negative and significant in the case of B. tabaci, N. veridula and truespider mites. At the same time, the relationship between Orius spp. beetles and sucking piercing pests ranged between positive & negative, significant and insignificant, and that relationship was significant and negative true spiders and insignificant & positive with other insect piercing insects. Generally, multiple regressions between the sucking pests and predators were 65.19, 72.24, 55.75, 71.45 and 41.56 for (Coccinella spp., Chrysoperla spp., Peaderus alferii, Scymnus spp., Orius spp. and true spiders), respectively.  It could be concluded that the treatment of pink bollo worm using the following pesticide program (Chlorperifos + Chlorfloiseron and then Lambadacyhalothrin alone and then Chlorperifos alone) led to a significant reduction in the number of pink bolloworm, pests associated with this effect were low on insect predators associated with perforating sucking insects in cotton fields..

Key words: Pectinophora gossypiella, Insecticides, Sucking pests, Predators.

Full paper in English: PDF

Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for ‎Agro-Morphological Traits in Lentil (Lens culinaris) ‎Genotypes

Dinesh Ghimire*(1) Aatish Gurung(1) Sushmita Kunwar(1) Archana Paudel(1) Rajendra Prasad Poudel(1) and Ganga Ram Kohar(2)

(1). Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Paklihawa Campus,    Rupandehi, Nepal.

(2). Andhra University, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Varanasi – 221 005, India.           

(*Corresponding author: Dinesh Ghimire. E-Mail: dineshghimire01@gmail.com).

Received: 19/04/2020                               Accepted: 13/05/2020

Abstract

Assessing variability and correlations for agro-morphological traits of lentil are the important aspects in the development of lentil varieties. Six lentil genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications at Agronomy Research Farm of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal during winter season of 2018/19 to assess the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for agro-morphological traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all traits. The values of Phenotypic Coefficient of Variance (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variance (GCV) for all the characters, and the number of pods per plant exhibited high estimates of both PCV and GCV indicating substantial scope of improvement through selection. The number of secondary branches showed the highest PCV (0.89) and GCV (0.50) whereas the lowest PCV (0.02) and GCV (0.00) were recorded for date to 50% maturity. High heritability (0.62) coupled with high genetic advance (192.63) as percent mean was observed for the grain yield. Grain yield showed positive and significant phenotypic correlation with number of pods per plant (r=0.424) and plant height (r=0.420). The highest positive direct effects were observed in plant height followed by number of grains per pods, number of secondary branches and number of pods per plant; suggesting the importance of these characters and the necessity of adopting them as selection criteria for grain yield improvement.

Key words: Lentil, Grain yield, Heritability, Correlation, Path analysis.

Full Paper in English: PDF