Tag Archives: tomato

The Application Effect of GA3 on Plant Growth, Yield and ‎Quality Attributes of Tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill.) ‎

Kamal Krishna Mistry*(1) Kazi Farhad Iqubal(2) and Shyama Prasad Bapari(3)

(1). Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Akbar Ali Khan Technical Institute (Education Complex) under the Ministry of Education, Comilla-3517, Dhaka

(2). Department of Environmental Science, State University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

(3). Ministry of Education, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Kamal Krishna Mistry. E-Mail: kkmistryphd@yahoo.com)

Received: 13/04/2020                               Accepted: 22/05/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted at the ‘Integrated Farm’ of the International Anjel Association, Voluntary Organization of Japan, Konabari, Gazipure during the period of 10 November-30 January 2018, Bangladesh to find out the better performance of GA3 treatments doses on tomato variety Ratan. Data were collected on plant height, leaves number, fruits number per plant, fruit weight per plant, ascorbic acid and total soluble solids (Brix) regarding five levels of gibberellic acid viz. 20  ppm (T1), 40 ppm (T2), 60 ppm (T3), 80 ppm (T4) and 100 ppm (T5) beside T0 which represents the control. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Application of GA3 at 100 ppm caused an increase in plant height (50.30 cm), leaves number (50), fruits number (29.50 per/plant), fruit weight (1.52 kg/plant),  ascorbic acid (1.80 mg/100gm) and total soluble solids (4.10 Brix) among the different treatments of GA3.

Keywords: Gibberellic acid (GA3), Tomato, Yield, Quality, Bangladesh.   

Full paper in English: PDF

The Effect of Calcium to Magnesium and Potassium Ratios on the Productivity and Fruit Quality of Tomato Grown in Hydroponics

Sara Sarko(1) and Ghiath Ahmad Alloush*(1)

(1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Ghiath Ahmad Alloush. E-mail: galloush@scs-net.org).

Received: 24/07/2018                                Accepted: 12/11/2018

Abstract

A hydroponic experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during the spring-summer seasons of 2015 to investigate the effect of various ratios of Ca:Mg (4:6, 5:5, 7.5:2.5 and 10:0.5 mM/L-1) and potassium (0.5, 3, and 4.5 mM/L-1) on total fruit production, marketable fruits and quality of tomato fruits (cv. Shannon).  The experiment consisted of 12 treatments with three replicates. Pots were completely randomized on the experimental plot. The results showed that the highest fruit production reached 4.72 kg/plant (fruit yield of 5 punches) in the treatment Ca:Mg (7.5:2.5) and 3 mM/L-1 K. Physiological disorder symptoms on fruits along with small size (< 47 mm) decreased the percentage of marketable fruit production to 8% of total in treatment Ca:Mg (5:5) and 0.5 mM/L-1, whereas marketable fruit production were 95% in the same Ca:Mg ratio but 4.5 mM/L-1 K. pH dropped in fruits with increasing Ca:Mg ratios at all K concentrations in the nutrient solution. The decrease pH values became significant in Ca:Mg ratio (7.5:2.5) and 10:0.5. The reverse was true with total titratable acidity. TSS increased as Ca increased in the nutrient solution if K supply was adequate (4.5 mM), and reached 65.2 mg/g in the treatment Ca:Mg ratio (10:0.5). Vitamin C concentrations took the same trend as TSS, and values were between 30-45, which were higher than normally reported (15-25 mg/100 g). Nitrate concentrations, while increasing with increasing Ca and K concentrations in the nutrient solutions, were within normal range (less than 400 mg/L-1)

Key words: Tomato, Hydroponic culture, Fruit yield, Vitamin C; Total acidity, TSS, pH, NO3.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Evaluation the Efficiency of the Predator Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Controlling Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Cucumber and Tomato Plants

Rafik Abboud*(1) Majedah Mofleh(2) and Ahmad Mohammad(3)

(1). Latakia Agriculture Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rafik Abboud. E-Mail: abboud.rafeek@hotmail.com).

Received: 17/07/2019                                Accepted: 08/12/2019

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the predator Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in controlling Bemisia tabaci Genn. on tomato and cucumber plants in cages. The experiment included four treatments and 12 replications. The first and third treatments were conducted on cucumber plants and second and fourth treatments were experienced on tomato plants. Adults of B. tabaci were introduced in cages on plants that have six true leaves. Two weeks later, adults of S. parcesetosum were introduced in the first and second treatments at a rate of two adult predators/plant. The release was done three times at weekly intervals. The third and fourth treatments remained predator-free. Leaves were examined weekly, the population of immature stages were recorded (eggs, L1, L2, L3, L4\ 1 cm2 leaf) which were taken randomly from the top, middle and bottom of the plants. The predator was not recorded on tomato. The number of whitefly stages increased in treated cages until the sixth week, and then began to decrease from about 20 eggs and 39 nymphs/1 cm2 of leaf surface to 11 eggs and 3 nymphs after ten weeks. Population density of the whitefly in the control increased to 219 eggs and 145 nymphs/1 cm2 of leaf surface during the same period. Mortality rates of old nymphs were 93.3 and 4.1% after nine weeks for the predator treatment and control, respectively. Results indicated that, S. parcesetosum could be recommended for the control of B. tabaci on cucumber in protected cultivation in Syria.

Keywords: Biological control, Bemisia tabaci, Cucumber, Tomato, Protected cultivation, Syria.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Mineral Fertilizers Application on Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soils and Tomato Plant 

Naseer Abdul-Jabbar AlSaadie(1) Adnan Shibar falih(1) and Raghaa Mouhamad*(1)

(1). Agriculture Research Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
(*Corresponding author: Raghaa Mouhamad. Email: naseeralsaadie61@gmail.com).

Received: 14/04/2019                                Accepted: 01/06/2019

Abstract

Several samples were collected from the mineral fertilizers i.e. phosphate, nitrogen and potash that commonly used in Iraq, as well as samples of different soils with different chemical and physical properties, and tomato plants which were grown in it, in two regions i.e. Abu Ghraib and Jadriya. These two regions represent most of the soils of Iraq, with different periods of culture. The results of statistical analysis showed high significant differences present among accumulation of heavy metals rates in soils and tomato fruits according to varying culture dates and soil type. The overall average soil content of elements (Pb, Cd, Co, Ni) for a chemical fertilizer use periods 5, 10 and 25 years, were 7.6, 9.6 and 12.7 mg.kg-1 f respectively. The results showed that the average concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Co, Ni) for all periods of mineral fertilizer addition in Abu Ghraib (clay) and Jadriya (loam) were 11.0 and 8.9 mg kg-1 respectively. Overall mean of all heavy elements content in tomato fruits for the studied time periods were 0.733, 0.919 and 1.49 mg.kg-1 respectively, while the concentration of these elements in tomato fruits that grown in the two soil regions for all periods of fertilization were 1.18 and 0.909 mg.kg-1 respectively. Results also showed the existence of a positive significant correlation at 1% level of probability between soil content of heavy metals and culture periods, and heavy metals concentration in tomato fruits that grown in those soils. The average percentage of the cumulative increase of heavy metals (Ni, Co, Cd and Pb) as accompaniment impurities in the mineral fertilizers in soils amounted to 65.8, 29.8, 0.35 and 37.4% per year, while the increase percentage in tomato fruits were 15.6, 1.9, 0.15 and 2.4% for each of the above element respectively. Results also showed the presence of a significant effect between the fertilizer type and the content of heavy metals contaminated values. In general, depending fertilizer’s content of contaminated heavy metals, the fertilizer can be arranged as follows: Urea U < MAP fertilizer < NPK fertilizer < DAP fertilizer < Triple Super Phosphate TSP.

Key words: Mineral fertilizers, Heavy metals, Soil properties, Tomato.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Three Species of Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in of Stimulating Systemic Resistance Against Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) of Tomato Plants

Ramez M. Al Shami*(1) Imad D. Ismail(1) and Yaser Hammad(2)

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Ramez M. Al Shami. E-Mail: ramezalshami924@gemail.com).

Received: 30/06/2017                              Accepted: 03/10/2017

Abstract

This experiment aimed to study the effect of three species of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Frateuria aurantia, Bacillus megaterium and Azotobacter chroococcum) by inoculated seeds or seedlings of tomato plants on suppressed the effect of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in greenhouse in Tartus. Total phenols and photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll A, B and carotenoids) were observed in fresh leaves of tomato plant after 30 Days of infection. Results showed, that treatment with single bacteria Frateuria aurantiawas was significantly higher in total phenol compared  with Bacillus megateriumor, Azotobacter chroococcum, compared with the control healthy or infected. However, the bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum gave a significant increase in photosynthesis pigments compared with Bacillus megaterium or Frateuria aurantia. On the other hand, the mixed treatment of ABF+CMV (seeds and seedlings) showed highest increase in total phenol (37.75 and 47.09 mg/100g) consequently, photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll A 0.973 and 1.065 mg/g), (chlorophyll B 0.872 and 0.903mg/g) and (carotenoids 0.972 and 0.995 mg/g) respectively. The increase in total phenols and photosynthesis pigments leads to the ability ofrhizobacterto stimulate systemic resistance and reduce the effect of the virus on tomato plants.

Keywords: CMV, PGPR, Tomato, Total phenols, Photosynthesis pigments.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Seed Treatments of Tomato Variety Merel with Four PGPR Bacterial Strains on Promoting Peroxidase Enzyme Activity and Growth Improvement

Hanan Kawas *(1) Omar Hamudi(2) Ahmad Ahmad(3) Imad  Ismail(4)

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center of Latakia, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Agricultural Research Center of Tartous, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(4). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Hanan Kawas. E-Mail: hanankawas1@gmail.com).

Received: 18/12/2016                           Accepted: 14/02/2017

Abstract

This research was conducted to study the effect of four bacterial strains (PGPR): Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA342, Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48, Bacillussubtillis B2g and B. subtillis FZB27 to improve the growth of tomato plants in the greenhouse. Bacterial strains were applied to the seeds in a concentration of (1010 cfu/ml), of each bacterial strain. The results showed the treatment with bacteria improved peroxidase enzyme activity at a rate of (2.15-6.35) % after 78 days of treatment compared with non-treated control (0.002) n mol, and a rate of (60.71- 232.14) % after 94 days compared with non-treated control (0.056) n mol. The treatment with bacteria increased the height of plant at a rate of (1-21.37)% compared with non-treated control (57.83) cm, and increased fresh weight of foliage at a rate of (9.25-122.56)% compared with non-treated control (317)g, while it increased dry weight of foliage at a rate of (3.89- 61.98)% compared with non-treated control (111.33)g, and increased fresh root weight at a rate of (22.39-310.48)% compared with non-treated control (22.33)g, and increased root dry weight at a rate of (9.09- 33.27)% compared with non-treated control (5.5)g, and increased number of fruits at a rate of (7.73-54.73)% compared with non-treated control (8.66 fruit), and increased weight of fruits at a rate of (5.69-60.33)% compared with non-treated control (105.33)g . The strain B27 had the highest values of the studied traits.

Key words: PGPR, Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA342,  Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48,  Bacillus subtillis B2g,  B. subtillis FZB27,  Tomato.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

A study of Phenotypic Correlation and Path Coefficients of Fruit Firmness and Some Correlated Traits in Tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill.) Hybrids

Ali Izzo*(1) Hassan khojah(2) and Sohil Makhol(3)

(1). AL-Jmmaseh Research Station, Scientific Agricultural Researches Center of Tartous, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Tartous, Syria.
(2). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.
(3). Higher Commission for Scientific Research (HCSR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Ali Izzo. E-mail: izzo198899@gmail.com , Mobile: +963 0966275436).

Received: 20/10/ 2015                                     Accepted: 12/11/ 2015

Abstract

The research was conducted at Al-Jmmaseh Station, Agricultural Research Center in Tartous, Syria, during 2014 season, to study the phenotypic correlation and path coefficient of pericarp thickness (mm), firmness (Kg/cm3), total soluble solids (%), yield per plant (Kg/plant), number of locales per fruit, fruit diameter (cm), and fruit length (cm). Fifteen hybrids and their parents were evaluated with three replications using RCBD design. The results of phenotypic correlation values showed that fruit firmness was positively and significantly correlated with total soluble solids (r=0.319*) and pericarp thickness (r=0.779**), but it was negatively and significantly correlated with yield per plant (r=-0.492**), fruit length (r=-0.439**), fruit diameter (r=-0.685**) and number of locales per fruit (r=-0.649**). Path coefficient analysis showed that pericarp thickness was one of the most traits in contribution in firmness variation, therefore, it could be concluded that firmness improvement could be achieved by selection for pericarp thickness.

Key Words: Tomato, Phenotypic correlation and path coefficients.

Full paper in Arabic:

دراسة معاملي الارتباط المظهري والمرور لصفة صلابة الثمار وبعض الصفات المرتبطة بها في هجن من البندروة (.Lycopersicom esculentum Mill)

Effect of Drip Irrigation Methods (Mulched, Without Mulch) on Water Use and Production of Tomato Crop under Organic Farming

Abd Al-Kareem Jerdy(1) Bassam Oudeh*(1) Haitham Al-Abdalla(2) Tallal Al- Abdo(1) and Boshra khozam(2)

(1). Mokhtaria Research Station, Homs Agricultural Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Homs, Syria.
(2). Homs Agricultural Research Center, (GCSAR), Homs, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Eng. Bassam Oudeh, Mokhtaria Research Station, Homs Agricultural Research Center, GCSAR, Homs, Syria. Mobile: 0988284819, Email: B_oudeh@hotmail.com).

Received: 12/07/ 2014                                     Accepted: 29/03/ 2015

Abstract

The study was carried out in Mokhtaria Research Station, Homs Agricultural Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research Center, Homs, Syria, during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 seasons. Two methods of drip irrigation were applied (mulched, without mulch) on tomato crop to be compared with the traditional method (surface irrigation). The results showed that the average of the total water consumption for the drip irrigation (mulched) was 3345 m3/ha and percentage of saving water irrigation was 55% as compared with control (traditional surface irrigation), while the average of the total water consumption for the drip irrigation (without mulch) was 3785 m3/ha and percentage of the saving water irrigation was 49% as compared with control, although the average of the total water consumption for the traditional surface irrigation was 7426 m3/ha. In terms of farming method (traditional and organic) the production under drip irrigation (mulched) were 29.7 and 38.4 ton/ha, with an increment in yield of (60 and 68%) as compared with the control (surface irrigation) which were 18.6 and 22.9 ton/ha (traditional and organic), respectively. On the other hand the production under drip irrigation (without mulch), in terms of farming method (traditional and organic) were 38.4 and 45.1ton/ha with an increase in yield 106 and 97%, respectively as compared with the control.

Key words: Drip irrigation, Surface irrigation, Organic farming, Tomato, Production, Water consumption

Full paper in Arabic: تأثير طريقة الري بالتنقيط (مغطى ومكشوف) في الاستهلاك المائي وإنتاجية البندورة ضمن ظروف الزراعة العضوية

The Effect of Salinity Irrigation Water on Improving Qualitative Characteristics of Tomato Fruits Under Different Potassium Fertilizer Levels

Ayman Mustafa*(1) and Riad Baladia(2)

(1). Rural Damascus Scientific Agricultural Research Centre, General Commission of Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2). Rural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture. Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Ayman Mustafa. Rural Damascus Scientific Agricultural Research Centre, General Commission of Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria. E-mail: aymanmustafa1983@gmail.com).

Received: 22 / 01 / 2015                                 Accepted: 11/ 2 / 2015

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted in Al-Nashabiya Research Station in split plot design aimed to study the effect of salinity irrigation water and potassium fertilization on qualitative characteristics of tomato fruits for two seasons 2008-2009. Salinity irrigation water levels were (I =1.06, II =1.95 and III =2.83 dS/m). potassium fertilization levels were (K0=0, K1=150 and K2=300 kg potassium oxide/ha). Results showed that the increasing of salinity irrigation water increased tomato fruit dry matter weight, total soluble solids and sugars, and decreased pH value, compared with fresh water irrigated treatments. Furthermore, the application of supplemental potassium fertilizer led to higher percentages of tomato fruit dry matter weight, total soluble solids and sugars, and lower pH value, compared with those unfertilized with potassium. The highest percentages of fruit dry matter weight, total soluble solids and sugars, and the lowest value of fruit pH, were gained by the treatment III K2. Therefore, qualitative characteristics of tomato fruits can be improved by application of supplemental potassium fertilizer in saline irrigation conditions.

Key words: Tomato, Salinity water, Potassium fertilization, Qualitative characteristics.

Full paper in Arabic :تأثير ملوحة مياه الري في تحسين المواصفات النوعية لثمار البندورة عند استخدام مستويات مختلفة من السماد البوتاسي

Transmission of Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV) Through Tomato and Pepper Seeds and The Efficiency of Thrips tabaci  to Transmit Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV)

Faiz Ismaeil(1), Amin Amer Haj Kassem(2), Salah Al-Chaabi(1)& Jamal Mando(1)

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Administration of Plant Protection Research, Douma, P. O. Pox 113, Damascus, Syria.
(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(Corresponding author: Dr. Faiz Ismaeil: General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR),Damascus, Syria. E-mail: faizismail@mail.sy).

                      Received: 17 / 07 / 2014                                Accepted: 27 / 11 / 2014

Abstract

Seed transmission of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was studied in 800 seedlings derived from seeds collected from infected tomato and pepper fruits (400 seedlings for each species), as determined by DAS-ELISA test during 2009. The serological test results showed that the rate of virus seed transmission in tomato seedlings was 16.7%, meanwhile, no seed transmission was recorded in pepper tested seeds. Survey results of ToMV in ground seeds of 21 tomato imported hybrids showed that the virus was only detected in two hybrids; meanwhile, the seedlings of all other hybrids were virus-free after planting their seeds. The efficiency of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) transmission by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), the most prevalent vector in most tomato and pepper fields in the governorates of Dara’a, Al-Qunaitara and Damascus countryside was studied, and it was found to be around 7.5%. Adult insects carrying the virus were able to transmit it to healthy tomato plants after one day of acquisition feeding on virus infected tomato and pepper plants. Virus disease symptoms (mottling, yellow blotching and leaf curling) appeared on inoculated healthy plants 8 days after inoculation.

Key words: Pepper, seed transmission, tomato, ToMV, TSWV, virus transmission.

Full paper in Arabic:

انتقال فيروس موزاييك البندورة (ToMV) بوساطة بذور البندورة والفليفلة وكفاءة حشرة Thripstabaci في نقل فيروس الذبول المتبقع للبندورة (TSWV)