Estimating of Genetic Parameters of Some Important Traits in Interspecific Hybrids of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf)

Yaman Jabbour*⁽¹⁾ Mohammad Shafik Hakim⁽¹⁾Filippo M Bassi⁽²⁾, Abdallah Al-Yossef ⁽³⁾ Maysoun M. Saleh⁽⁴⁾ and Ahmad Shams Al-Dien Shaaban⁽⁵⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria.

(3). Aleppo Agricultural Centre, General commission for scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(4). Genetic Resources Department, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(5) Dept. Of Biotech Engineering, Faculty of Technological Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Yaman Jabbour. E-Mail: yaman.jab@gmail.com).

Received: 13/10/2018 Accepted: 22/11/2018

Abstract

The study was carried out during two seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 at Scientific Agriculture Research Center in Aleppo, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Syria to estimate narrow and board sense heritability, additive and dominance variances, dominance degree, expected genetic advance, genotypic and phenotypic correlations and path analysis between grain yield and study traits in interspecific hybrids of durum wheat. Nine parents were planted in the first season 2016/2017 in AL-Sofera location, five of them were primitive wheat (2 genotypes of T.dicoccum, 2 genotypes of T.carthlicum and one genotype of T.polonicum) which were used as male parents, while three cultivated varieties beside one line from ICARDA were used as female parents. North Carokina II design was used for crossing to produce 20 crosses groups (5×4). The genotypes were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications in Hemaima Station. Data was collected for phenological traits (No. of days to heading, No. of days to physiological maturity and grain filling period), morphological traits (plant height, spike length, peduncle length and awns length), and yield components (1000-kernels weight, number of grains per spike and grain weight/spike). The results showed significant differences among genotypes for all studied traits, additive gene action controlled all traits, the genes that controlled all traits showed partial dominance, board sense heritability was high for all traits, whereas the heritability in narrow sense was high for most of the traits except peduncle length, and awns length were mid. A high value for expected genetic advance associated with high narrow sense heritability were recorded for plant height, spike length, grain filling period, grain weight/spike, and thousand kernels weight. A positive high significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations was recorded between grain yield with (thousand kernels weight, number of grains per spike, grain weight/spike and awns length) whereas that correlation was negative and high significant with No. of days to heading. The grain weight/spike was the most studied trait that contribute in grain yield with positive direct effect (0.74) followed by awns length with positive direct effect (0.34), then number of days to heading with negative direct effect (-0.33) and finally, thousand kernels weight with positive direct effect (0.17), as for indirect effect the number of grains per spike was the most studied traits that contribute in grain yield (0.63) followed by thousand kernels weight (0.55) through the grain weight/spike. This study confirmed the importance of each (grain weight/spike, thousand kernels weight, awns length and early heading) as selection criterion for development drought tolerance genotypes.

Key words: Genetic parameters, Interspecific hybrids, North Carolina II, Durum wheat.

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Evaluation Some Agronomic Traits in Some Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Genotypes

Yousef Wjhani^*(1) and Maysoun Saleh⁽¹⁾ and Nader Alkarki⁽²⁾

(1). Genetic Resources Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Dara’a Agricultural Centre, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Yousef Wjhani. E-Mail: yowj2015@hotmail.com).

Received: 03/10/2018 Accepted: 19/12/2018

Abstract

Thirteen local and entries tetraploid genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were planted at Izra’a Station (Dar’a Centre), General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, during three seasons (2013/2014, 2014/2015 and 2015/2016) under rainfed conditions, in addition to the local variety Sham3 as a check in a Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD with three replications. The studied traits were (days to maturity, plant height, spike number per plant, spike length, weight of grain per spike, weight of thousand grains and individual plant grain yield) in order to evaluate the variance between genotypes and seasons and the interaction between them, and to define the superior genotypes to provide them to the breeding programs. Results showed that the genotype wheat1527 was significantly superior in spike length, grain weight per spike, thousand grains weight, and individual plant grain in a rate of 36.92, 32.10, 21.43 and 36.47% respectively, compared to the check variety Sham3. Results also showed that the genotype wheat 1471 was significantly superior in spike number in a rate of 23.07% comparing to the check Sham3 as the number of spikes in plant was (10.67, 8.67) for each of them respectively. Each of plant grain yield, spike length, spike number per plant and days to maturity were all significantly superior during the season 2016 comparing to both seasons 2014 and 2015.

Key words: Genotypes, Durum wheat, Grain yield.

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Ability of Natural Zeolite Ore to Bind Cadmium from Aqueous Solutions

Batool Salameh*⁽¹⁾ and Leila Habib⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Eng: Batool Salameh. E-Mail: batoolzaka@gmail.com).

Received: 02/02/2018 Accepted: 19/06/2018

Abstract

The objective of this study was first characterization of natural zeolite ore by the use of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and to study the ability of natural zeolite ore to bind Cadmium from aqueous solutions. Adsorption factors such as zeolite particles size, initial Cd concentration, shaking time, solution:zeolite ratio and pH were studied. Adsorption isotherms constructed then by the use of batch adsorption experiments. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to discuss adsorption data. XRD results showed that Analcime and Phillipsite are the main zeolitic minerals, and it contained non zeolitic minerals such as quartz, calcite and smectite minerals. Natural zeolite ore had high ability to remove cadmium from water solutions, and had 28 mg.g^-1 as maximum adsorption capacity. Adsorption increased with increasing initial cadmium concentration, shaking time and initial pH degree. The pH 4-6 showed best range for adsorption. Adsorption is not affected by zeolite particle size and solution:zeolite ratio. This study was conducted at Soil Chemistry Laboratory during 2016/2017 except XRD which was conducted at the Atomic Energy Commission of Syria.

Key word: Zeolite ore, X Ray Diffraction, Adsorption, Cadmium.

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Evaluation The suitability of Trees Species to be grown in Streets. Case of Study: Al-Gomhouria Street in Latakia City, Syria

Bilall Alsayed^*(1) and Osama Radwan⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Bilal Alsayed. E-Mail: belal_as11@hotmail.com).

Received: 27/04/2018 Accepted: 03/10/2018

Abstract

Street trees are an integral part of the street infrastructure, so choosing the right type plays a big role in determining the aesthetic and environmental value of any street. From an aesthetic perspective, street trees are important in increasing the beauty of the city and providing visual aids from an environmental perspective, street trees play an important role in reducing the effects of urbanization and population growth on the environment. The research dealt with the analysis of tree rows and studied the diversity of trees and determined their idealism in Al-Gomhouria Street in Latakia City. Results of this paper revealed prominent breaks in the arboreal rows, and that these rows contained five botanic species (Washingtonia filifera H., Melia azedarach L., Olea europaea L., Ligustrum ovalifolium and Ficusnitida L.) and the results showed that the ratios of many taxonomic units were not ideal, and it was noticed the irregular distribution of individuals between the types found in the street, which caused distortion of the beauty of the street and underestimated the importance of vegetation cover in the street. Findings showed a decrease in the value of the idealism of the four tree species where (Ligustrum ovalifolium) attained of 6.64/10 and (Olea europaea L.) 6.76/10 and (Washingtonia filifera H.) 7.13/10 and (Ficusnitida L.) 7.15/10, while the degree of (Melia azedarach L.) attained a better degree 7.72/10.

Key words: Street trees, Idealism degree, Latakia, Syria.

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Effect of Plant Species on The Response to Phosphate Rock as a Source for Phosphorus Nutrition in Alkaline Soil

Rabab Moner Nasser^*(1)Leila Ahmed Habib⁽¹⁾ and Ghiath Ahmed Alloush⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Rabab Moner Nasser. Email: rababnasser1973@gmail.com).

Received: 08/04/2018 Accepted: 02/07/2018

Abstract

A field trial was conducted in 2014 at Al Henadi village, which located in south of Latakia, to evaluate the response of three plant species: Rape plant, chickpea and Bermuda grass to phosphate rock (PR) compared to triple super phosphate (TSP). Phosphate sources (PR and TSP) were applied at three rates (520, 1040, 1560 kg P/ha) besides the control without addition. Also, an agar experiment was conducted to illustrate the role of root exudates in rhizosphere pH changes. The results showed that rape plant had high response to PR application, with high relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE%) of 102% compared to TSP. Whereas chickpea came second with a RAE value of 77.5% compared to TSP. Finally, Bermuda showed a RAE% varied between 2 and 75% according to the number of cut, and 44% for total yield. The main factor may influence plant response to PR was due to induced changes in pH by roots system, and the exuded organic acids as showed by agar technique in chickpea and rape.

Key words: Rape plant, Chickpea, Bermuda grass, Phosphate rock, Agar technique.

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Application of Different Isotherm Models on Phosphorus Sorption in Selective Soils of Homs Governorate

Sameer Shamsham⁽¹⁾Reem Nassra^*(1) and Rawaa Ayoush⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil Sciences and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Reem Nassra. E- Mail: rimannn411@gmail.com).

Received: 28/02/2018 Accepted: 10/06/2018

Abstract

Phosphorus adsorption from aqueous solution on soils of Homs governorate has been studied by adsorption isotherms applications. The experimental data have been analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. According to (R²) values, the results showed the ability of Frendlish model to predict phosphorus adsorption more than Langmuir and Temkin models. The maximum monolayer coverage (q_max) calculated from Langmuir model was 0.529 mg/g in Al-Mastora. Adsorption intensity (n) calculated from Freundlich model, was between (1.056-2.725) indicated favorable adsorption between phosphorus and adsorbent surface. Heat of adsorption process was estimated by Temkin model ranged between (0.058 and 0.212) J/mol. Analysis of correlation coefficient between adsorption maximum value and soil characteristics revealed that adsorption is positively correlated with clay content and cation exchange capacity.

Key words: Adsorption, Isotherm, Phosphorus, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin.

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**A Study of the Chemical Composition and Relationship Characteristics of Some Ceratonia siliqua L. |Genotypes Spread in Latakia Governorate**

Samer Nasser^*(1) Tala Amin⁽¹⁾ and Hafez Mahfoud⁽²⁾

(1). Forestry and Environment Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.(2). Biotechnology Department, General Commission for Scientific and Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Samer Nasser. E-Mail: nasersamer156@gmail.com).

Received: 27/03/2018 Accepted: 05/09/2018

Abstract

The study was conducted between 2015 and 2017 on 26 species of Ceratonia siliqua L. at four locations viz. AL Dakaka, Wadi Qandil, Um Al-Toyoor and Al-Baseet, in the north-western region of Latakia governorate, Syria in order to study some chemical properties in the pods and seeds of these species. For total sugars (%), the highest percentage was found in T8 pods (57.7%) followed by the D3 (56.9%). The percentage of protein in the pods ranged between (5- 8.2%) and seeds (25-33%) where T8 recorded the highest values. The highest fat value was found in T8 (1.83%) and D3 (3.75%). The percentage of dry matter in the pods ranged from 12.15% in K3 and 8.16% in T1. These genotypes differed genetically more than because of environmental conditions because the locations of the study were geographically close. The genotypes were distributed within the relationship tree in three groups, the first included 3 genotypes and the third contains 9 genotypes from all the study locations. In contrast, the second group included 4 genotypes from the locations of Um Al-Toyoor, Wadi Qandil and Al-Dakaka.

Key words: Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.), Chemical composition, Sugars, Protein, Fat, Dry matter, genotypes.

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Study of Some Garbage Compost Properties Produced by Wadi Al-Hada Center for Solid Waste Treatment in Tartous

Hasan Alaa Aldeen⁽¹⁾ Saosan Haifa⁽²⁾ Ibrahim Nishfi⁽¹⁾ and Shafak Harfoush^*(1)

(1). Forestry and Environment Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng: Shafak Harfoush. E-Mail: shafakhar@hotmail.com).

Received: 29/04/2018 Accepted: 23/07/2018

Abstract

The research was carried out at the laboratories of the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, during the period 2/11/2016 to 2/12/2016. It aimed to study some of the compost characteristics of organic matter fermentation at Wadi Al – Huda Center for solid waste treatment in Tartous. Two experiments were carried out to identify the changes in its characteristics, the first experiment after the use in agriculture or over time after storage for a year with three replicates for each treatment, and the second for the compost filter after washing eight times and three replicates per leachate. The results showed good content of the organic material in the three compost treatments (new, planted, stored), and the percentage of organic matter significantly decreased after cultivation, C/N ratio= 1/13 and good content of major essential nutrients. The percentage of heavy elements within the permissible limits, without significant differences between the three treatments, but it was found that the salinity decreases after the use in agriculture and increased after storage significantly, while the value of pH was reduced by insignificant differences after storage and use in agriculture. The increase in the washed compost led to an intestinal increase in the value of pH and a significant decrease in the value of salinity and relative stability in the content of nutrients and heavy elements.

Keywords: Compost, Salinity, Acidity, Heavy elements, Organic matter.

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Tillage Forces Calculation Using Analytical Method

Abd Alkareem Abo Al-Kheer^*(1)

(1). Rural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agronomy, Aleppo University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abd Alkareem Abo Al-Kheer. E-mail: a.aboalkheer@hotmail.com).

Received: 14/05/2018 Accepted: 29/09/2018

Abstract

In this research, three models based on analytical approach were used for calculating tillage forces. The first model was based on Soehne’s approach, with some modifications to incorporate the adhesion force, the inertia force and the effects of the side crescents. The second model was based on Mckyes-Ali approach, the adhesion force and the inertia force were integrated to this model, and the failure angle was determined according the passive earth pressure theory. The third model was based on the findings of Perumpral and Swich, which were established on the Perumpral et al. model. The comparison between calculated and measured values showed that the performance of each model depended on tillage system parameters. In general, the performance of the second model was better than the first and the third models. In this work, the Multimodel Ensemble Prediction Method (MEPM) was applied, based on the precedent analytical models, and the calculated values were compared to measured ones. It was noted that the performance of the MEPM was better than all of three models.

Keywords: Tillage forces, Tillage tool, Soil failure, Tillage system parameters.

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The Effect of Calcium to Magnesium and Potassium Ratios on the Productivity and Fruit Quality of Tomato Grown in Hydroponics

Sara Sarko⁽¹⁾ and Ghiath Ahmad Alloush*⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Ghiath Ahmad Alloush. E-mail: galloush@scs-net.org).

Received: 24/07/2018 Accepted: 12/11/2018

Abstract

A hydroponic experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during the spring-summer seasons of 2015 to investigate the effect of various ratios of Ca:Mg (4:6, 5:5, 7.5:2.5 and 10:0.5 mM/L^-1) and potassium (0.5, 3, and 4.5 mM/L^-1) on total fruit production, marketable fruits and quality of tomato fruits (cv. Shannon). The experiment consisted of 12 treatments with three replicates. Pots were completely randomized on the experimental plot. The results showed that the highest fruit production reached 4.72 kg/plant (fruit yield of 5 punches) in the treatment Ca:Mg (7.5:2.5) and 3 mM/L^-1 K. Physiological disorder symptoms on fruits along with small size (< 47 mm) decreased the percentage of marketable fruit production to 8% of total in treatment Ca:Mg (5:5) and 0.5 mM/L^-1, whereas marketable fruit production were 95% in the same Ca:Mg ratio but 4.5 mM/L^-1 K. pH dropped in fruits with increasing Ca:Mg ratios at all K concentrations in the nutrient solution. The decrease pH values became significant in Ca:Mg ratio (7.5:2.5) and 10:0.5. The reverse was true with total titratable acidity. TSS increased as Ca increased in the nutrient solution if K supply was adequate (4.5 mM), and reached 65.2 mg/g in the treatment Ca:Mg ratio (10:0.5). Vitamin C concentrations took the same trend as TSS, and values were between 30-45, which were higher than normally reported (15-25 mg/100 g). Nitrate concentrations, while increasing with increasing Ca and K concentrations in the nutrient solutions, were within normal range (less than 400 mg/L^-1)

Key words: Tomato, Hydroponic culture, Fruit yield, Vitamin C; Total acidity, TSS, pH, NO₃.

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