Estimating of Genetic Parameters of Some Important Traits in Interspecific Hybrids of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf)

Yaman Jabbour*⁽¹⁾ Mohammad Shafik Hakim⁽¹⁾Filippo M Bassi⁽²⁾, Abdallah Al-Yossef ⁽³⁾ Maysoun M. Saleh⁽⁴⁾ and Ahmad Shams Al-Dien Shaaban⁽⁵⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria.

(3). Aleppo Agricultural Centre, General commission for scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(4). Genetic Resources Department, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(5) Dept. Of Biotech Engineering, Faculty of Technological Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Yaman Jabbour. E-Mail: yaman.jab@gmail.com).

Received: 13/10/2018 Accepted: 22/11/2018

Abstract

The study was carried out during two seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 at Scientific Agriculture Research Center in Aleppo, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Syria to estimate narrow and board sense heritability, additive and dominance variances, dominance degree, expected genetic advance, genotypic and phenotypic correlations and path analysis between grain yield and study traits in interspecific hybrids of durum wheat. Nine parents were planted in the first season 2016/2017 in AL-Sofera location, five of them were primitive wheat (2 genotypes of T.dicoccum, 2 genotypes of T.carthlicum and one genotype of T.polonicum) which were used as male parents, while three cultivated varieties beside one line from ICARDA were used as female parents. North Carokina II design was used for crossing to produce 20 crosses groups (5×4). The genotypes were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications in Hemaima Station. Data was collected for phenological traits (No. of days to heading, No. of days to physiological maturity and grain filling period), morphological traits (plant height, spike length, peduncle length and awns length), and yield components (1000-kernels weight, number of grains per spike and grain weight/spike). The results showed significant differences among genotypes for all studied traits, additive gene action controlled all traits, the genes that controlled all traits showed partial dominance, board sense heritability was high for all traits, whereas the heritability in narrow sense was high for most of the traits except peduncle length, and awns length were mid. A high value for expected genetic advance associated with high narrow sense heritability were recorded for plant height, spike length, grain filling period, grain weight/spike, and thousand kernels weight. A positive high significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations was recorded between grain yield with (thousand kernels weight, number of grains per spike, grain weight/spike and awns length) whereas that correlation was negative and high significant with No. of days to heading. The grain weight/spike was the most studied trait that contribute in grain yield with positive direct effect (0.74) followed by awns length with positive direct effect (0.34), then number of days to heading with negative direct effect (-0.33) and finally, thousand kernels weight with positive direct effect (0.17), as for indirect effect the number of grains per spike was the most studied traits that contribute in grain yield (0.63) followed by thousand kernels weight (0.55) through the grain weight/spike. This study confirmed the importance of each (grain weight/spike, thousand kernels weight, awns length and early heading) as selection criterion for development drought tolerance genotypes.

Key words: Genetic parameters, Interspecific hybrids, North Carolina II, Durum wheat.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Some Productive Traits in Black Boni Sheep

Abed M. Al-Bial^*(1) Ahmed Al-Dous⁽¹⁾ Sharf Al-Azazy^{(1 )} and Abdulah Salah⁽¹⁾

(1). The Regional Research Station in the Central Highlands, Agriculture Research & Extension Authority, Yemen
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abed M. Al-Bial. Email: aalbial@yahoo.com)

Received: 24/10/2016 Accepted: 09/01/2017

Abstract

In this study, the pedigree data, and production performance of 1074 records of Black Boni sheep were used. The sheep were kept at the Regional Research Station in the Central Highlands of Yemen, during the period 1992 to 2015, to estimate heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations of some productive traits. The results showed that the general averages of birth weight, weaning weight, and daily gain from birth to weaning were 2.18 ± 0.011 kg, 10.64 ± 0.23 kg, and 93.71 ± 8.22 g/lamb, respectively. Estimated heritability values for birth weight, weaning weight, and daily gain were 0.38 ± 0.05, 0.30 ± 0.03 and 0.26 ± 0.1, respectively. Phenotypic and genetic correlations among studied traits were highly significant (P<0.01), and they ranged between 0.46 – 0.83 and 0.32 – 0.77, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of genetic selection to improve any of the studied traits, will lead to an improvement in the other correlated traits.

Key words: Black Boni sheep, Genetic parameters, Heritability, Phenotypic and genetic correlations.

Full paper in Arabic: Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Some Productive Traits in Black Boni Sheep

Genetic Evaluation for Milk Production, and Litter size at Birth and Weaning of Shami Goats

Kamel Fattal*⁽¹⁾ and Khaled Elnajjar⁽²⁾

(1). Breeding Shami Goats Research Station, Agricultural Research Center in Aleppo, General commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Aleppo, Syria.
(2). Animal Wealth Research Administration, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding auathor: Dr. Kamel Fattal,. E-Mail: kamel1960@gmail.com).

Received: 23/04/ 2015 Accepted: 16/09/ 2015

Abstract

This study was conducted to study the productivity performance of Shami goats for milk production, and litter size weight at birth and weaning. Also to estimate the litter size at birth and weaning, and age, weight of goat when insemination. And determine the effect of some genetic factors (parents) and non-genetic (year of birth, parity, kids sex, age and weight at insemination) of the studied traits. And estimate some genetic parameters (heritability and genetic correlations) of the studied traits. Data was collected from the records at Hememah Research Station of Al Shami Goat Improvement, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Aleppo/Syria. during 2001 to 2010. Statistical analysis was made of the studied traits to figure out the genetic and environmental effects on it using SAS program. Duncan test was used to compare the means of the factors affecting the studied traits, and also the animal model was used to estimate the genetic parameters. Milk production, and litter size weight at birth and weaning were 424.46±67.24, 8.42±0.53 and 19.49±2.94 Kg, respectively. The litter size at birth and weaning, and age and weight at first insemination were 2.98 ± 0.04, 2.20 ± 0.19, and 46.73±0.57 kg, and 19.24±0.26/ month, respectively. It was found that the parents has a highly significant effect on the production of milk and insignificant effect on the litter size weight at birth and weaning. The effects of year of birth and parity were highly significant on all traits (milk production and litter size weight at birth and weaning). The impact of gender on the production of milk was not significant, while highly significant on birth litter size weight at birth and weaning. The linear model of the mother goat birth and its age at insemination any significant effects on the studied traits. The weight of goat at insemination had highly significant effect on milk production and the litter size weight at birth, while there were no significant differences in the weight of the goat at insemination on litter size weight at weaning. Estimates of heritability for milk production, and litter size weight at birth and weaning were 0.14, 0.08, 0.20, respectively. The values of genetic correlations between milk production, and the litter size weight at birth and weaning were -0.17 and -0.01, respectively. While the genetic correlation between the litter size weight at birth and at weaning was 0.09. The study concluded that, the genetic correlation between milk production, and the litter size weight at birth and weaning was negative. This indicates that the increase in litter size weight at birth and weaning will lead to stress the body of the goat and this negatively affects the production of milk, although the study concluded a positive genetic relationship between litter size weight at birth and at weaning. According to that, litter size weight at weaning will considered as a selection breeding criteria, because it achieved the highest genetic variation compared with milk production and the litter size weight at birth. During selection it is very important to take into consideration the differentiation between the parents to increase the production of milk of female’s goats. The environmental conditions should be taken into account because of they affect all traits, especially goats weight at insemination, because of its big role in the values of traits.

Key words: Genetic parameters, Shami goats, Milk production, Litter size at birth and weaning, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic:التقويم الوراثي لصفات إنتاج الحليب وكتلة البطن عند الميلاد والفطام في الماعز الشامي