Category Archives: v6n4December 2019

Evaluation The suitability of Trees Species to be grown in Streets. Case of Study: Al-Gomhouria Street in Latakia City, Syria

Bilall Alsayed*(1) and Osama Radwan(1)

(1). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Bilal Alsayed. E-Mail: belal_as11@hotmail.com).

Received: 27/04/2018                                Accepted: 03/10/2018

Abstract

Street trees are an integral part of the street infrastructure, so choosing the right type plays a big role in determining the aesthetic and environmental value of any street. From an aesthetic perspective, street trees are important in increasing the beauty of the city and providing visual aids from an environmental perspective, street trees play an important role in reducing the effects of urbanization and population growth on the environment. The research dealt with the analysis of tree rows and studied the diversity of trees and determined their idealism in Al-Gomhouria Street in Latakia City. Results of this paper revealed prominent breaks in the arboreal rows, and that these rows contained five botanic species (Washingtonia filifera H., Melia azedarach L., Olea europaea L., Ligustrum ovalifolium and Ficusnitida L.) and the results showed that the ratios of many taxonomic units were not ideal, and it was noticed the irregular distribution of individuals between the types found in the street, which caused distortion of the beauty of the street and underestimated the importance of vegetation cover in the street. Findings showed a decrease in the value of the idealism of the four tree species where (Ligustrum ovalifolium) attained of 6.64/10 and (Olea europaea L.) 6.76/10 and (Washingtonia filifera H.) 7.13/10 and (Ficusnitida L.) 7.15/10, while the degree of (Melia azedarach L.) attained a better degree 7.72/10.

Key words: Street trees, Idealism degree, Latakia, Syria.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Plant Species on The Response to Phosphate Rock as a Source for Phosphorus Nutrition in Alkaline Soil

Rabab Moner Nasser*(1) Leila Ahmed Habib(1) and Ghiath Ahmed Alloush(1)

(1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Rabab Moner Nasser. Email: rababnasser1973@gmail.com).

Received: 08/04/2018                                Accepted: 02/07/2018

Abstract

A field trial was conducted in 2014 at Al Henadi village, which located in south of Latakia, to evaluate the response of three plant species: Rape plant, chickpea and Bermuda grass to phosphate rock (PR) compared to triple super phosphate (TSP). Phosphate sources (PR and TSP) were applied at three rates (520, 1040, 1560 kg P/ha) besides the control without addition. Also, an agar experiment was conducted to illustrate the role of root exudates in rhizosphere pH changes. The results showed that rape plant had high response to PR application, with high relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE%) of 102% compared to TSP. Whereas chickpea came second with a RAE value of 77.5% compared to TSP.  Finally, Bermuda showed a RAE% varied between 2 and 75% according to the number of cut, and 44% for total yield. The main factor may influence plant response to PR was due to induced changes in pH by roots system, and the exuded organic acids as showed by agar technique in chickpea and rape.

Key words: Rape plant, Chickpea, Bermuda grass, Phosphate rock, Agar technique.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Application of Different Isotherm Models on Phosphorus Sorption in Selective Soils of Homs Governorate

Sameer Shamsham(1) Reem Nassra*(1) and Rawaa Ayoush(1)

(1). Department of Soil Sciences and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Reem Nassra. E- Mail: rimannn411@gmail.com).

Received: 28/02/2018                                Accepted: 10/06/2018

Abstract

Phosphorus adsorption from aqueous solution on soils of Homs governorate has been studied by adsorption isotherms applications. The experimental data have been analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. According to (R2) values, the results showed the ability of Frendlish model to predict phosphorus adsorption more than Langmuir and Temkin models. The maximum monolayer coverage (qmax) calculated from Langmuir model was 0.529 mg/g in Al-Mastora. Adsorption intensity (n) calculated from Freundlich model, was between (1.056-2.725) indicated favorable adsorption between phosphorus and adsorbent surface. Heat of adsorption process was estimated by Temkin model ranged between (0.058 and 0.212) J/mol. Analysis of correlation coefficient between adsorption maximum value and soil characteristics revealed that adsorption is positively correlated with clay content and cation exchange capacity.

Key words: Adsorption, Isotherm, Phosphorus, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

A Study of the Chemical Composition and Relationship Characteristics of Some Ceratonia siliqua L. |Genotypes Spread in Latakia Governorate

Samer Nasser*(1) Tala Amin(1) and Hafez Mahfoud(2)

(1). Forestry and Environment Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.(2). Biotechnology Department, General Commission for Scientific and Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Samer Nasser. E-Mail: nasersamer156@gmail.com).

Received: 27/03/2018                                Accepted: 05/09/2018

Abstract

The study was conducted between 2015 and 2017 on 26 species of Ceratonia siliqua L. at four locations viz. AL Dakaka, Wadi Qandil, Um Al-Toyoor and Al-Baseet, in the north-western region of Latakia governorate, Syria in order to study some chemical properties in the pods and seeds of these species. For total sugars (%), the highest percentage was found in T8 pods (57.7%) followed by the D3 (56.9%). The percentage of protein in the pods ranged between (5- 8.2%) and seeds (25-33%) where T8 recorded the highest values. The highest fat value was found in T8 (1.83%) and D3 (3.75%). The percentage of dry matter in the pods ranged from 12.15% in K3 and 8.16% in T1. These genotypes differed genetically more than because of environmental conditions because the locations of the study were geographically close. The genotypes were distributed within the relationship tree in three groups, the first included 3 genotypes and the third contains 9 genotypes from all the study locations. In contrast, the second group included 4 genotypes from the locations of Um Al-Toyoor, Wadi Qandil and Al-Dakaka.

Key words: Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.), Chemical composition, Sugars, Protein, Fat, Dry matter, genotypes.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Study of Some Garbage Compost Properties Produced by Wadi Al-Hada Center for Solid Waste Treatment in Tartous

Hasan Alaa Aldeen(1) Saosan Haifa(2) Ibrahim Nishfi(1) and Shafak Harfoush*(1)

(1). Forestry and Environment Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng: Shafak Harfoush. E-Mail: shafakhar@hotmail.com).

Received: 29/04/2018                                Accepted: 23/07/2018

Abstract

The research was carried out at the laboratories of the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, during the period 2/11/2016 to 2/12/2016. It aimed to study some of the compost characteristics of organic matter fermentation at Wadi Al – Huda Center for solid waste treatment in Tartous. Two experiments were carried out to identify the changes in its characteristics, the first experiment after the use in agriculture or over time after storage for a year with three replicates for each treatment, and the second for the compost filter after washing eight times and three replicates per leachate. The results showed good content of the organic material in the three compost treatments (new, planted, stored), and the percentage of organic matter significantly decreased after cultivation, C/N ratio= 1/13 and good content of major essential nutrients. The percentage of heavy elements within the permissible limits, without significant differences between the three treatments, but it was found that the salinity decreases after the use in agriculture and increased after storage significantly, while the value of pH was reduced by insignificant differences after storage and use in agriculture. The increase in the washed compost led to an intestinal increase in the value of pH and a significant decrease in the value of salinity and relative stability in the content of nutrients and heavy elements.

Keywords: Compost, Salinity, Acidity, Heavy elements, Organic matter.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Tillage Forces Calculation Using Analytical Method

Abd Alkareem Abo Al-Kheer*(1)    

(1). Rural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agronomy, Aleppo University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abd Alkareem Abo Al-Kheer. E-mail: a.aboalkheer@hotmail.com).

Received: 14/05/2018                                Accepted: 29/09/2018

Abstract

In this research, three models based on analytical approach were used for calculating tillage forces. The first model was based on Soehne’s approach, with some modifications to incorporate the adhesion force, the inertia force and the effects of the side crescents. The second model was based on Mckyes-Ali approach, the adhesion force and the inertia force were integrated to this model, and the failure angle was determined according the passive earth pressure theory. The third model was based on the findings of Perumpral and Swich, which were established on the Perumpral et al. model. The comparison between calculated and measured values showed that the performance of each model depended on tillage system parameters. In general, the performance of the second model was better than the first and the third models. In this work, the Multimodel Ensemble Prediction Method (MEPM) was applied, based on the precedent analytical models, and the calculated values were compared to measured ones. It was noted that the performance of the MEPM was better than all of three models.

Keywords: Tillage forces, Tillage tool, Soil failure, Tillage system parameters.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

The Effect of Calcium to Magnesium and Potassium Ratios on the Productivity and Fruit Quality of Tomato Grown in Hydroponics

Sara Sarko(1) and Ghiath Ahmad Alloush*(1)

(1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Ghiath Ahmad Alloush. E-mail: galloush@scs-net.org).

Received: 24/07/2018                                Accepted: 12/11/2018

Abstract

A hydroponic experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during the spring-summer seasons of 2015 to investigate the effect of various ratios of Ca:Mg (4:6, 5:5, 7.5:2.5 and 10:0.5 mM/L-1) and potassium (0.5, 3, and 4.5 mM/L-1) on total fruit production, marketable fruits and quality of tomato fruits (cv. Shannon).  The experiment consisted of 12 treatments with three replicates. Pots were completely randomized on the experimental plot. The results showed that the highest fruit production reached 4.72 kg/plant (fruit yield of 5 punches) in the treatment Ca:Mg (7.5:2.5) and 3 mM/L-1 K. Physiological disorder symptoms on fruits along with small size (< 47 mm) decreased the percentage of marketable fruit production to 8% of total in treatment Ca:Mg (5:5) and 0.5 mM/L-1, whereas marketable fruit production were 95% in the same Ca:Mg ratio but 4.5 mM/L-1 K. pH dropped in fruits with increasing Ca:Mg ratios at all K concentrations in the nutrient solution. The decrease pH values became significant in Ca:Mg ratio (7.5:2.5) and 10:0.5. The reverse was true with total titratable acidity. TSS increased as Ca increased in the nutrient solution if K supply was adequate (4.5 mM), and reached 65.2 mg/g in the treatment Ca:Mg ratio (10:0.5). Vitamin C concentrations took the same trend as TSS, and values were between 30-45, which were higher than normally reported (15-25 mg/100 g). Nitrate concentrations, while increasing with increasing Ca and K concentrations in the nutrient solutions, were within normal range (less than 400 mg/L-1)

Key words: Tomato, Hydroponic culture, Fruit yield, Vitamin C; Total acidity, TSS, pH, NO3.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Magnetized Water Irrigation on Some Growth Traits of Sunflower and its Content of Cadmium in Cd-Contaminated Soil

Samir Shamsham(1) and Faten Razouk*(1)

(1). Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, AL Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Faten Razouk. E-Mail: fatenrazouk1979@gmail.com). Received: 20/04/2018                                Accepted: 07/06/2018

Abstract

Phytoextraction technology is one of the most promising methods for reclamation of soils contaminated with heavy metals using plants, and sunflower is one of many plants that is used to reclaim cadmium contaminated soils. In order to test the efficiency of this technique, an experiment was conducted to study some growth indicators (length, fresh weight and dry weight) and the quantity of cadmium absorbed by the sunflower plant, Helianthus annus L. using six concentrations of cadmium (0, 1, 25, 50, 100 and 200) (mg/kg) Cd, and irrigated with two types of water (magnetized water and tap water). As a result, there was a significant increase in cadmium uptake by the plant when irrigated with magnetized water compared with the tap water-irrigated plant at the same concentrations of cadmium contamination to reach a maximum value of 50 mg/kg in the treatment of tap water irrigation, and at concentration 100 mg/kg in the treatment of magnetized water. The results also showed that the positive effect of magnetized water on most of the studied traits at different concentrations of cadmium compared to tap water.

Key words: Cadmium, Magnetized water, Growth indicators.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Studying Seed Germination of Introduced Jatropha Curcas L. and Tree Growth in Tartous Governorate

Hassan Aladin(1) Muhammad Manhal Alzoubi(2) and Evleen  Farha*(1)

(1). Forestry and Environment Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Administration of Water Resources, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Evleen Farha. E-Mail: evleenfarha@gmail.com).

Received: 04/03/2018                                Accepted: 03/07/2018

Abstract

This research was accomplished within period from 2016 June to 2017 November at three locations in Tartous governorate viz. Al Thaora, Al Qumseia and Al Sorani. The seed germination of Jatropha curcas L. was studied by planting the seeds at Al Thaora and Al Sorani locations in three months of the year 2016 (June, July and August), and the growth of seedling was evaluated at  Al Thaora, Al Qumseia and Al Sorani locations. The percentage of germination at Al Thaora was 97, 90 and 95 % which was better than at Al Sorani (70, 77.5 and 62.6) % in June, July and August respectively. The speed of germination was (8.82, 8.06 and 7.11) day/seed at Al Thaora and (11.11, 9.13 and 7.64) day/ seed at Al Sorani in June, July and August respectively. Germination was relatively homogenous in both locations. There were no differences in plant height between locations, and the diameter of stem at Al Thaora was better than Al Sorani, also the length and height of crown at Al Thaora was the best of the other locations.

Key words: Jatropha Curcas, Seed germination, Seedling growth.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Study the Changes in The Quality of Treated Wastewater Resulting from Adra Station Within Irrigation Channels Feedback

Mostafa Beda*(1) Muhammad Haqqoun(1) and Abeer Karbouj(1)

(1). Administration of Natural Resources, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mostafa Beda. E-Mail: bedda.agri@hotmail.com).

Received: 17/03/2018                                Accepted: 06/07/2018

Abstract

Adra Sewerage Processing Station receives sewage water for treatment and then pumps it again into open effluent canals to be used by farmers to irrigate their lands. However, the many infringements on open effluent canals by farmers and neighboring factories have changed the chemical properties of this water, leading to a decline in water quality and thus limiting the possibility of using this source for irrigation purpose. Therefore, this research aimed to monitor the changes occurred in some chemical characteristics of wastewater along effluent canal starting from settlement reservoir located after Adra Sewerage processing Station, extending along the effluent canal (PC2) and ending in Nashabia area, during the years 2010-2012. The results showed a significant increase in ammonium in PC2 compared to both MC and settlement reservoir, which amounted (35, 27 and 15) mg/l respectively, Nitrate concentration in PC2 and MC increased with a significant difference compared to the concentration in settlement reservoir, where it reached (10.5, 9.4 and 6.4) mg/l respectively, while the differences were not significant for nitrite concentration and pH between the three sites. The results also showed an increase in salinity in PC2 and MC with a significant difference compared to the settlement reservoir with a value of (1.32, 1.26 and 0.92) d.s/m respectively. Also, COD increased in PC2 and MC with a significant difference compared to the settlement reservoir by (225, 216 and 58) mg/l respectively. BOD value increased in PC2 and MC significantly than the increase in settlement reservoir.

Keywords: Settlement reservoir, MC, PC2, BOD, COD, Ammonium, Nitrate, EC.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF