Category Archives: crops

Effect of Sheep Dung and Phosphor Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Vicia faba L.

Mohanad Rayed Azzam*(1)

(1). Department of  Biology, Faculty of  Education for Girls, University of  Anbar, Anbar, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author :  Dr. Mohanad Rayed Azzam.  E-mail  Mohanadmokurz@gmail.com ).

Received: 11/07/2019                                Accepted: 20/08/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out at farmer’s field in AL-Sofia area of Ramadi, Anbar province, Iraq, which located on the right bank of the Euphrates river during winter season 2018 to study the effect of sheep dung and phosphate fertilizer on the growth and yield of faba bean cultivar (Cyprus).  Fermented sheep dung was added as a source of organic matter and at three levels (0, 3 and 5 ton/ha.  As well as three levels of phosphate fertilizer (0, 50 and 75) kg P according to a factorial experiment, arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed significant differences between the levels of organic sheep dungs, and the addition of 5 ton/ha gave significantly the highest values of all studied traits: plant height, number of branches, dry weight, chlorophyll content in leaves, average weight of 1000 seeds and seed yield  compared to the non-addition, which gave the lowest rates for the studied traits.  While in terms of phosphor addition, the results showed significant differences between the levels of addition of phosphor on all growth and yield characteristics, and the addition of 75 kg P/ha gave the highest rates of plant height, number of branches, dry weight, chlorophyll content in leaves, average weight of 1000 seeds  and seed yield, compared to non-addition. In terms of interaction, the treatments (5 ton/ha and 75 kg P/ha) and (5 ton/ha and 50 kg P/ha) were significant over all interactions in most of the studied traits.

Keywords: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), Sheep dung, Phosphor fertilizer, Seed yield.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

The Effect of Row Direction on the Productivity Traits of Some Sweet Corn Genotypes (Zea mays L. saccharata. sturt)

Lubna Hydar*(1)

(1). Crops Field Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Lubna Hydar. E-Mail: lubnanaser82@gmail.com).

Received: 07/03/2018                                Accepted: 26/10/2018

Abstract

The present research was carried out at the Farms of Agricultural Secondary School in AL Salamieh city in Hama governorate during two seasons 2014 and 2015, to evaluate the productivity of four sweet corn genotypes i.e. Faihaa1, Konoz, Dimo and Mert under the effect of two row directions, in order to determine the best variety and the most suitable row direction in spring time. The results showed that yield components of north – south- row direction were higher than that of west-east-row direction. The results showed that there was significant increase in number of rows, number of grains in the row and thousand grain weight of ear under the treatment north – south- row direction. Also, the results showed that there was significant increase in number of rows and thousand grain weight in the genotype Mert compared to Konoz, Demo and Faihaa1.

Key words: Sweet corn. Genotypes, Row direction.

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Genotype x Environment Interaction and Stability for Grain Yield of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum Geartn)

Manoj Kandel(1) and Jiban Shrestha*(2)

 

(1). Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Hill Crops Research Program (HCRP), Baiteshwor-4, Kabre, Dolakha, Nepal.

(2). Agriculture Botany Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal.

(*Corresponding author: manojkandel24@gmail.com).

Received: 23/08/20219                               Accepted: 05/09/2019

Abstract

Stability analysis is an important step in developing cultivars. Seven buckwheat genotypes were evaluated at hilly regions of Nepal namely Dolakha, Ramechhap, Solukhumbu, Kaski, Dailekh, Surkhet, Jumla and Doti districts during winter seasons of 2017 and 2018 using randomized complete block design with three replications to identify stable and high yielding genotypes. The genotype × environment interaction for grain yield was significant (P≤0.05). The genotypes ACC#2227-1 (1.62 t/ha) and ACC#2223-1 (1.52 t/ha) were found higher sensitive to environment and produced higher mean grain yield across the locations. Joint regression analysis showed that genotypes ACC#2227-1 and ACC# 2223-1 had regression coefficient of 1.41 and 1.33, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) for genotypes, ACC#2227-1 and ACC#2223-1 were higher. The GGE biplot analysis showed that ACC#2227-1 and ACC#2223-1 were more stable and adaptive across the locations; therefore, they can be taken for general cultivation.

 Keywords: Buckwheat, G×E interaction, Stability, Grain yield.

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Genetic Behaviour and Heterosis of Grain Yield of Single Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Under Different Salinity Levels

Ahmad Elali Elkhalf*(1) Ahmed El-Shaih Kador(2) Mohammad Jamal Hamandouch(2) and Abed El Karim El Gasem(3)

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Raqqa Research Center

(2). Dept. of Field Crops Science Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo

(3). Cereal Marketing and Store Association, Raqqa, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ahmad Elali Elkhalf. E-Mail: dr.ahmadelkhalf@gmail.com).

Received: 18/01/2018                                Accepted: 07/03/2018

Abstract

This study was carried out at the Scientific Research Center in Raqqah, arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), during the growing seasons 2012-2013-2014, to study of genetic behaviour of 29 genotypes (21 maize hybrids, 7 inbred lines and basel-1was control) under 4 levels of salinity (0, 4, 8, and 12) m moss, to determine mid-parents heterosis (%), and heritability for 100 kernel weight (g) and grain yield (ton/ha). Significant differences were noticed between hybrids in different levels of salinity and the effect of interaction between two factors, salinity and genotype. All hybrids were influenced at 8, and 12 m moss level of salinity, but with different degrees. Seven hybrids had exceeded the control at the level of 8 m moss, and P4XP7 recorded the best value in grain yield (7.633 t/ha) and heterosis value (59.5**) at the same level of salinity. Also, nine hybrids had exceeded the control, and P2XP3 showed the best value in grain yield (5.642 t/ha) and heterosis value (45.8**) at 12 m moss level of salinity.

Key words: Maize, Genetic Behaviour, Heterosis, Salinity.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Estimation of Potence Ratio and Heterosis for Some Quantitative Traits in Single Hybrids of Yellow MaizeEstimation of Potence Ratio and Heterosis for Some Quantitative Traits in Single Hybrids of Yellow Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Reem Saleem Ali*(1) Samir AL-Ahmad(2) Bolous Khoury(3)

(1). Agricultural Research Center of Latakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center of Tartous, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Eng. Reem Ali. E-Mail: m.reem.s.ali@gmail.com).

Received: 22/07/2018                              Accepted: 08/10/2018

Abstract

The present research was conducted at the Agriculture Scientific Research Center in Latakia to estimate heterosis and potence ratio for plant height, ear height, ear length, number of rows per ear, 100 seeds weight, and grain yield. Thirty hybrids produced using Line × Tester method (10 × 3) in 2015 season which were evaluated during 2016 season. Results indicated that most of hybrids revealed desirable heterosis values compared with mid and better parents for all of studied traits. The hybrids (IL.21×IL.155), (IL.21× IL.358) and (IL.21× IL.1) showed highly significant and positive heterosis values relative to mid and better parent in grain yield. Results of potence ratio indicated that inheritance of grain yield, plant height, ear length and number of rows per ear, were controlled by over dominance for all of hybrids, while inheritance of ear height and 100 seeds weight were controlled by over dominance for most of hybrids and partial dominance for some of hybrid’s behavior.

Key words: Maize, Heterosis, Potence ratio, Grain yield.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Study of Genetic Variability and Traits Correlations in Some Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes under Wet and Dry Conditions in Syria

Abdullatef Ahmad Al-Assaf*(1) Mohammad Shafik Hakim(2) Mohammad Fadi Basmaji(1) and Stefania Grando(3)

(1). Aleppo Agricultural Research Center, General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(3) . International Center of Agricultural Research in Dry Area (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Abdullatef Ahmad Al-Assaf. E-Mail: a.alassaf74@gmail.com).

Received: 14/10/2018                                Accepted: 29/11/2018

Abstract

The experiment was conducted at Tal Hadya and Houmeimeh Agricultural Stations in Aleppo Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Researche (GCSAR) during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons. Forty-three barley genotypes were used with three replications under RCBD design. The aim of the research was to study the phenotypic, genetic and environmental variability, heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations. Genotypes were evaluated for plant height, spike length, grain number per spike, thousand grains weight and grain yield, besides some root traits. The results showed a large variability within studied traits. The genetic and phenotypic variances were larger than environmental variance for most traits. The highest value of heritability was 91.12% for plant high. Under dry conditions, plant growth was significantly decreased as measured by all characters. The percentages of reduction, ranged from 66.96 % to 1.90 % for grain yield and grain weight, respectively. The injury index ranged from 2,03 to 0.02 for grain yield and grain weight, respectively. The correlation coefficients among characters were nearly the same in the wet and dry locations. Positive and highly significant correlation (r=0.95**) was found between the percentage of reduction and injury index. Using GGE Biplot the genotypes were arranged in three groups that varied in their tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes 4, 17, 16, 18, and 28 were tolerant to drought stress.

Key words: Barley, Genotypic variation, Genotypic correlation, Injury index, Drought tolerance.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Using Carbon Isotope Discrimination Technique as a Selection Tool for High Water Use Efficiency Genotypes in Wheat

Abdulwahid Abdullah Saif*(1) Hazem Hezam Alashwal(1) Aref Abdulbaqi Alshamiri(1) and Ammar Wahbi(2)

(1). Agricultural Research and Extension Authority (AREA), Yemen.

(2). Seibersdorf Laboratories, Vienna, Austria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abdulwahid Abdullah Saif. E-mail: amozaid@yahoo.com).

Received: 21/01/2019                                Accepted: 24/03/2019

Abstract

A factorial experiment was carried at the Research Farm of the Northern Highlands Regional Research Station during spring seasons 2014 and 2015 to evaluate six local durum wheat genotypes for water use efficiency and the effect of water stress on grain productivity using carbon isotope discrimination technique. Four irrigation treatments were used as main treatments with the following mode of adding water irrigation. T1:  70 mm. 10 days interval (farmers practices as a control), T2:  55 mm. 10 days interval, T3: 55 mm14 days interval and 55 mm. 18 days interval. Split plot design was used for experimentation with three replications. Results showed a variation was detected among genotypes to water stress treatments and this was reflected on growth parameters and grain productivity. The advanced line No.29 * local var. Alass25 (Shara No.154) and advanced line No. 35 were surpassed in most growth indicators and grain productivity than the other genotypes including the Arabi variety which attained the lowest values. The advanced line No.29 * local var. Alass25 (Shara No.154) attained a higher water use efficiency at the irrigation treatment T3 (55 mm every 14 days) with no significant difference in grain productivity of the treatment T1 (70 mm every 10 days) saving irrigation water of about 29.9% with decrease in grain productivity by 13.64%. In general, T2V2, T1V2, T2V3 treatments attained the highest means in grain yield over the two seasons. A positive correlation was found between Δgrain, Δleave, grain yield and some growth indicators of genotypes. There were significant differences between the studied genotypes in terms of content of carbon isotope discrimination Δ13C in grain and leaves. This indicator was reflected in the differences in a variation of water use efficiency and grain yield. With regards of the averages of genotypes, the advanced line models No.29 * local var. Alass25 (Shara No.154) and advanced line No. 35 surpassed the other in grain yield and gave averages of 1543 and 1430 kg/ha, respectively. However, T1 and T2 treatments were significantly increased the other treatments. T1 attained the highest values ​​of 1481, 1373 and 1427 kg/ha in 2014 and 2015 seasons and the average of the two seasons, respectively, according to the water use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination indicators for the studied genotypes it can be concluded that the advanced line models No.29 * local var. Alass25 (Shara No.154) and advanced line No. 35 were the best under T1 and T2 irrigation treatments.

Key words: Carbon Isotope Discrimination, Wheat genotypes, Water use efficiency.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Combining Ability Estimation of Earliness Traits and Yield Components in Some Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes

Saleh Saleh(1) Mohammed Shafik Hakim(1) Abdullah Al-Yousef*(2) and Ahmed Shams ElDien Shaaban(3)

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Aleppo Agricultural Research Center, General Community for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Technical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Addullah Al-Youssef. E-Mail: dr.abdalyoussef@gmail.com).

Received: 19/03/2018                                Accepted: 19/04/2018

Abstract

The research was conducted at Al_Sfireh location in Aleppo during 2015/2016 and 2016/207 seasons to estimate general combining ability GCA and specific combining ability SCA for seven genotypes of barley. Three of them were local: Arabi Aswad (P1), Arabi Abyad (P2) and Furat 3 (P3), and four entries were: Alanda-01 (P4), Rihan-03 (P5), Arizona (P6) and Avit (P7). Half-Diallel cross system were preformed between parents at first season. In the second season, parents and hybrids were planted to study days to heading (DTH), days to maturity (DTM), fertile tillering number per plant (FT), grain number per main spike (GN) and thousand kernel weight (TKW). The parents p1 and p3 showed a high general combining ability for the most studied traits.  The hybrid (P1×P3) had significant value for SCA effects in most studied traits. The hybrids: (P4×P6, P5×P7, P4×P5) had significant value for SCA effects for (GN). Variance component of GCA and SCA were highly significant, and this indicates to the importance of additive and non-additive gene action in inheritance of the studied traits. The ratio of GCA/SCA was less than 1.0 for DTH, DTM and TKW and this indicates to importance of dominant and over dominant genes in inheritance of these traits. Whereas the ratio was bigger than 1.0 for FT and GN and this indicates to importance of accumulated genes in inheritance of these traits

Key Words: Half-Diallel cross, Combining ability, Earliness, Yield, Barley.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

The Effect of Planting Date on the Morphological Traits of Some Sweet Corn Genotypes (Zea mays L. saccharata. sturt)

Loubna Nasr  Haidar*(1)

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Lounna Nasr Haidar. E-Mail: lubnanaser82@gmail.com).

Received: 01/02/2018                                Accepted: 02/03/2018

Abstract

The present research carried out at AL Salamieh city, Hama Governorate, during the season 2015, aiming to evaluate the morphological traits of three genotypes of sweet corn i.e Faihaa1, Randevo and Snekofa Karaliva under the effect of different sowing dates; 1st and 15th April, in order to determine the best variety and the most suitable sowing date in spring season. The results showed that the morphological traits of Faihaa1 genotype was higher than those of Randevo and Snekofa Karaliva in the first sowing date (1st April), and the increase of ear length recorded (1.78-1.48 cm), and height of plant recorded in Faihaa1 and Randevo and Snekofa Karaliva were (130.95, 71.11 and 68.33 cm) respectively. Also, the results showed that there was a significant increase in kernel diameter, leaf area, and stem diameter in Faihaa1, comparing to Randevo and Snekofa Karaliva, while the highest ear length and kernel diameter were at the beginning of April for all genotypes.

Key words: Sweet corn, Genotypes, Sowing dates.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Individual Selection in a Local population of (Zea mays L.) for the Most Important Economic Characteristics under Saline Stress Conditions

Mohammed Nael Khattab*(1) Majd Darwish(1) and Alaa Merhej(1)

(1). Crops Field Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammed Nael Khattab. E-Mail: blackdream.m1991@gmail.com).

Received: 06/12/2018                                Accepted: 17/01/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out in the coastal region (Beit Yashout village of Jibla district) and in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University during 2018 season to estimate the individual plants of a local population of Zea maize L. (Gouta 82) for the most important phenological, morphological, physiological and production characteristics under irrigation with saline water and different stages of growth. The selected plants, which were salt tolerance and had high yield will be introduced in subsequent breeding studies. All of the genotypes were divided into 7 treatments: (T1) was irrigated with normal water (control), saline stress was measured at 6 mL / cm3  concentration at the stages of seedling (T2), 6 leaf (T3), seedling and 6 leaf (T4), and saline stress was measured at 12 mL/cm3 at the stages of seedling (T5),  6 leaf (T6), seedling and 6 leaf (T7), (12 were conducted during the research season taking into account the specificity of quantity and content of each irrigation(. The salinity resulted in a decrease in the values of some traits such as the number of grains per ear, number of rows ear, ear length, weight of grains per ear and ear weight in all the treatments, and more decrease was noticed at the concentration of 12 millimes compared to the concentration of 6 millimes, especially in the treatments (T4), (T6) and T7. The values of diameter and length of the plant, especially in the treatments (5T), (T6) and (T7), the number of days until maturity, the concentration of proline in the irrigation treatment (T3), and the leaf area index in the treatment (T7) and (T4(. Salinity also increased values of some traits such as the number of rows under salinity in (T2), (T3) and (T5), and the leaf area index in the treatment (T3), (T5) and (T6(, days to maturity, and proline concentration in treatments (5T), (T6) and (T7), and the diameter of the spike (T2 and T3) and plant length in the treatment (T2). Some selected plants from Goata82 were distinguished by their various parameters (superior plants) of the number of days until maturity (plant number 37) (119 days), plant length (plant number 42) (275 cm), leaf area index (plant number 21) (6.71), ear length (plant number 13) (18cm), ear diameter (plant number 10) (5.41cm), number of rows per ear (plant number 46) (20 row), number of kernel per ear (plant number 9) (469), ear grain weight (plant number 16) (185g) and ear weight (plant number 16) (260g).

Key words: (Zea mays L.), Saline stress, Gouta82, Individual selection.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF