Tag Archives: Wheat genotypes

Selection of Wheat Genotypes of Triticum Durum Desf. ‎Tolerant to Drought under Rainfed Condition Using Carbon ‎Isotope Discrimination Technique‎

Abdulwahid A Saif*(1) Aref alshamiri(1)  and Ammar Wahbi(2)

(1). Agricultural Research and Extension Authority (AREA), Yemen. 

(2). Seibersdorf Laboratory, Vienna, Austria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abdulwahid A Saif. E-Mail: amozaid@yahoo.com).

Received: 07/03/2020                               Accepted: 20/04/2020

Abstract

Five genotypes of local wheat: var. Alass24 (Shara No. 2, var. Alass25 (Shara No. 154), Advanced line No. 35, Advanced line No. 42, Advanced line No. 12 and the Arabi variety were planted at Bani Matar region, Al-Qalis site in Yemen, between 18-7/24  of  the years 2014 and 2015 under rainfed conditions. The results showed a significant variation among  genotypes in grain yield, biological yield, weight of 1000 grains, plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, number of days to maturity, and harvest index. The variety Arabi and the two genotypes., Alass25 (Shara No.154) and Advanced line No.35 attained good yield compared to Alass24 genotype (Shara No.2), and the  averages were 2033, 2016, 1965 and 1514 kg/ha respectively. The genotype Alass25 (Shara No.154) gave higher biological yield of 6891 kg/ha, and higher spike length (8.6 cm) with increased seeds number per spike (48.8), while the harvest index was lower (29.3.%), on the other hand Arabi variety gave lower values in terms of biological yield (4914 kg/ ha), length of spike (6.3 cm) and number of seeds per spike (17.4), while the harvest index was the highest (41.4), although both variety/genotype gave high grain yields. A positive correlation was found between grain yield and 1000 kernel weight, while correlation between yield, plant height and number of days to maturity was negative. A 1000 kernel weight positively correlated with both spike length  and number of grain per spike. The length of spike was positively correlated with number of seeds per spike and number of days to maturity. Significant differences were found among genotypes for Δ13C in grain and Δ13C in leaves, the variety Arabic and Alass25 genotype (Shara No.154) attained higher values of Δ13C grain and Δ13C leaves compared with others, the values were 14.24 and 13.66 for grains and 18.33 and 17.99% for leaves. Both genotypes attained also the highest values of grain yield with highest harvest index. This is as indicator of an effectiveness of Carbon Isotope Discrimination (CID) as an efficient tool selection for high yielding variety combined with drought tolerance for both rainfed system and areas where irrigation water is limited. Grain yield of a variety is an important trait when selection for drought condition is requested, it correlated positively and significantly with  number of seeds per spike and biological yield, while it correlated negatively with plant height and number of days to maturity. It was found also a positive correlation with Δ13C grain, while correlation was negative with Δ13C leaves. This means, breeders can select the genotype that has a higher Δ13C grain for drought conditions.

Key words: Δ13C, Wheat genotypes, Rainfed condition.  

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Using Carbon Isotope Discrimination Technique as a Selection Tool for High Water Use Efficiency Genotypes in Wheat

Abdulwahid Abdullah Saif*(1) Hazem Hezam Alashwal(1) Aref Abdulbaqi Alshamiri(1) and Ammar Wahbi(2)

(1). Agricultural Research and Extension Authority (AREA), Yemen.

(2). Seibersdorf Laboratories, Vienna, Austria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abdulwahid Abdullah Saif. E-mail: amozaid@yahoo.com).

Received: 21/01/2019                                Accepted: 24/03/2019

Abstract

A factorial experiment was carried at the Research Farm of the Northern Highlands Regional Research Station during spring seasons 2014 and 2015 to evaluate six local durum wheat genotypes for water use efficiency and the effect of water stress on grain productivity using carbon isotope discrimination technique. Four irrigation treatments were used as main treatments with the following mode of adding water irrigation. T1:  70 mm. 10 days interval (farmers practices as a control), T2:  55 mm. 10 days interval, T3: 55 mm14 days interval and 55 mm. 18 days interval. Split plot design was used for experimentation with three replications. Results showed a variation was detected among genotypes to water stress treatments and this was reflected on growth parameters and grain productivity. The advanced line No.29 * local var. Alass25 (Shara No.154) and advanced line No. 35 were surpassed in most growth indicators and grain productivity than the other genotypes including the Arabi variety which attained the lowest values. The advanced line No.29 * local var. Alass25 (Shara No.154) attained a higher water use efficiency at the irrigation treatment T3 (55 mm every 14 days) with no significant difference in grain productivity of the treatment T1 (70 mm every 10 days) saving irrigation water of about 29.9% with decrease in grain productivity by 13.64%. In general, T2V2, T1V2, T2V3 treatments attained the highest means in grain yield over the two seasons. A positive correlation was found between Δgrain, Δleave, grain yield and some growth indicators of genotypes. There were significant differences between the studied genotypes in terms of content of carbon isotope discrimination Δ13C in grain and leaves. This indicator was reflected in the differences in a variation of water use efficiency and grain yield. With regards of the averages of genotypes, the advanced line models No.29 * local var. Alass25 (Shara No.154) and advanced line No. 35 surpassed the other in grain yield and gave averages of 1543 and 1430 kg/ha, respectively. However, T1 and T2 treatments were significantly increased the other treatments. T1 attained the highest values ​​of 1481, 1373 and 1427 kg/ha in 2014 and 2015 seasons and the average of the two seasons, respectively, according to the water use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination indicators for the studied genotypes it can be concluded that the advanced line models No.29 * local var. Alass25 (Shara No.154) and advanced line No. 35 were the best under T1 and T2 irrigation treatments.

Key words: Carbon Isotope Discrimination, Wheat genotypes, Water use efficiency.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Estimation of Selection Indices in Some Primitive Wheat Genotypes using Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis

Maysoun Mohamad Saleh* (1) Wessam Yahia Akel(2) Razzan  Mohamad Ali  Al Naggar(3)

(1) Genetic Resources Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2). Swaida Agricultural Research Center, (GCSAR), Swaida, Syria.
(3). Crops Research Administration, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Maysoun Mohamad Saleh.
E-Mail: mzainsamasaleh@gmail.com).

Received: 15/09/ 2015                                     Accepted: 05/10/ 2015

Abstract

The study was conducted at Izraa Research Station, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), in Syria during two growing seasons 2010 and 2011. Fifteen tetraploid wheat genotypes (2n= 4x=28) were planted under rainfed conditions (4 genotypes belong to species Ttiticum carthlicum, 3 genotypes belong to species Ttiticum polonicum, 8 genotypes belong to species Ttiticum dicoccum), and three local checks sham3, sham5, and Douma1, in randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. Correlations and path coefficient analysis between yield components (number of fertile tillers, spike peduncle length, number and weight of grains per main spike, thousand grain weight) with the individual plant grain yield. Results showed that grain yield had a positive significant correlation (P≤0.01) with each of number of fertile tillers, spike peduncle length, number and weight of grains per main spike (r=0.636**، 0.366**،0.656**، 0.509**), respectively. Results of path coefficient analysis showed that the direct effect of number of fertile tillers on grain yield was high and positive (0.743), while the direct effect was medium and positive for each of number and weight of grains  in main spike and also  thousand grain weight on grain yield (0.239, 0.285, 0.21), respectively. Results also showed that number of fertile tillers had  the highest contribution %  in yield (55.32%), followed by the indirect effect of number of grains in main spike through the weight of grains in main spike (13.15%), then the direct effect of each of number and weight of grains in main spike (8.60, 8.17%), respectively. The study confirmed the importance of number of  fertile tillers, and number and weight of grains per spike, as selection indices for high yield in wheat, because of their significant correlation, and high relative importance with yield, either through direct or indirect effects.

Key Words: Wheat genotypes, Yield components, Correlation, path coefficient analysis.

Full paper in Arabic:تحديد الأدلة الانتخابية في طرز القمح المبدئي باستخدام معامل الارتباط وتحليل المسار