Estimation of Combining Ability, Dominance Degree and ‎Heterosis in Some Single Crosses of Bread Wheat ‎ ‎(Triticum eastivum L.) ‎

Mohamed Baker AlAbd AlWahed^*(1) Ayman Alarfi ⁽²⁾ and Jalal Abboud⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Field crops. Faculty of Agriculture. Al-Furat University, Deir Ez Zoar, Syria.

(2). Tartus Agricultural Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR. Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Mohamed Baker AlAbd AlWahed. E-Mail: baker963949351833@gmail.com).

Received: 16/01/2020 Accepted: 02/03/2020

Abstract

This study was carried out in cooperation between Faculty of Agricultural at Al- Furat University, and the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research in Izraa Research Station in Syria during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons. Seven bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were used viz. Douma 64453, ACSAD 1252, ACSAD 1149, Douma 2, Douma 4, Jawaher14 and Sham6. Half diallel mating method was followed to get 21 hybrids. The hybrids and their parents were sown in the second season, using a randomized complete block design with three replications to estimate general combining ability, specific combining ability, dominance degree, and both mid and better parent heterosis for traits; number of days to heading, plant height, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, biological yield per plant, thousand kernel weight, and grain yield per plant. The results indicated non-additive gene action in all trait inheritance, except number of spikes per plant, which was equally controlled by additive and non-additive genes. Three parents had high general combiners for grain yield, i.e. Douma64453, ACSAD1252 and Jawaher14. Thus, the derived progenies of these parents in the breeding program will have high gene inheritance. Many hybrids with positive specific combining ability were obtained from parents with positive general combining ability, which also have both mid and high parent heterosis, including (Sham6 x Douma64453), (ACSAD1252 x Jawahar14), (Jawahar14 x Douma4) and (Sham6 x ACSAD1149). Thus theses hybrids could be used for selection in segregating generations in order to reach high yielding wheat lines.

Key words: Bread wheat, Combining ability, Heterosis, Dominance degree.

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Study the Tolerance of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum ‎subsp. durum) Mutations at M3 Generation to Salt Stress

Mokhtar Baraket*⁽¹⁾Hassine Marwa⁽²⁾ Olfa Ayed Slama⁽²⁾ Trifa Youssef⁽²⁾ Hajer Slim Amara⁽²⁾ and Karmous Chahine⁽²⁾

(1).National Research Institute for Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, Ariana, Tunisia.

(2).University of Carthage, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, LR14AGR01, Laboratory of Genetics and Cereal Breeding, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Avenue Charles Nicolle 43, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia.

(*Corresponding author: Mokhtar Baraket. E-Mail: moktar.baraket@gmail.com).

Received: 10/04/2020 Accepted: 29/05/2020

Abstract

The present study aimed to identify new sources of salt stress tolerance in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) through mutations induced by gamma radiation. Therefore, the irradiation of the seeds of the two most widely grown cultivars of Tunisia namely Karim and Rezzak was performed in order, to develop a new tolerant mutant of these two varieties, which are well adapt to stress conditions with the best potential productivity. Two mutants, the first (K20/108/5) was derived from Karim and the second (R20/134/4) was derived from Rezzak using irrigation with NaCl. The plants were grown under controlled conditions using pots. It was observed that the two mutants have different tolerance mechanisms to NaCl, which were summarized by the modification of the root structure of R20/134/4 mutant. However, the mutant K20/108/5 had a distinct tolerance mechanisms that was mainly summarized in mechanisms that limited sodium entry under salt stress conditions by 34% compared to the parent. Key words: Durum wheat, Salt stress, Gamma irradiation.

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Role of Conservation Agriculture in Increasing Wheat ‎Productivity and Soil Organic Matter Content in Southern ‎Region of Syria ‎

Manal Othman*⁽¹⁾ Ayman Shehada AL-Ouda⁽¹⁾ and Muhammad Manhal AL-Zoubi⁽³⁾

(1).Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Administration of Water Resources, General Commssion for Scientific Agricultural Reseach GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Manal Othman. E-Mail: manalosman709@gmail.com).

Received: 16/01/2020 Accepted: 06/02/2020

Abstract

The research was conducted at Izra’a Research Station, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during the growing seasons (2016/2017and 2017/2018), in order to evaluate the response of two durum wheat verities (Douma3 and Cham5) and two bread wheat varieties (Douma₄ and Cham₆) to Conservation Agriculture (CA) as a full package compared with Conventional Tillage system (CT) under rainfed condition using lentils (Variety Edleb₃) in the applied crop rotation. The experiment was laid according to split-split RCBD with three replications. The average number of grains per square meter was significantly higher under conservation agriculture in the presence of crop rotation, when all the crop residues where left on the soil surface (Barley residues) in the variety Cham₅ (3070 grain/ m²). The average of fertile to total tillers, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield were, significantly higher under conservation agriculture in the presence of crop rotation, of the variety Douma₃ (71.27%, 33.549g, 4162 kg/ ha respectively ). soil organic matter content was significantly higher during the second and first growing seasons, under conservation agriculture, in plots in which crop rotation was applied, at the soil depth (0 – 20 cm) (0. 7483, 0. 6983% respectively). The two varieties Douma₃ and Cham₆ are considered more responsive to conservation agriculture system in the southern region of Syria, because they recorded the highest grain yields (2561and 2385 kg/ ha respectively) compared with the other studied varieties (Cham₅ and Douma₄) (1951 and 1724 kg/ ha respectively).

Key words: Conservation Agriculture, Conventional Tillage, Crop residues, Crop rotation, Wheat, Organic matter.

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Climate Changes and its Impact on the Productivity of Some ‎Economic Crops In the Republic of Yemen

Abdulwahid A. Saif^*(1) Hazem H. Al-Ashwal⁽¹⁾ and Mohammed A. Al-Khorasani⁽²⁾

(1). Northern Highlands Agricultural Research Station, Sanaa, Yemen.

(2). Natural Resources Center, Dahmar, Yemen.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abdulwahid A. Saif. E-Mail: amozaid@yahoo.com).

Received: 08/03/2020 Accepted: 23/04/2020

Abstract

The impact of climate changes on two strategic crops; wheat and sorghum which are grown in the Northern Highlands (Sana’a), Central (Dhamar) of Yemen were studied using the AquaCrop model. The effectiveness of this model also was included in this study to simulate yield of these two strategic crops due to the expected climatic changes over the short term (2020-2030) and medium term (2040-2050) in comparison to the base years (1985-2005). The study was conducted under different irrigation systems in two different environments (Northern Highlands and Central Highlands), for this reason an average data for three climate models and average of the two scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP-8.5) to each model were used. Daily climate data (for 10 years past) associated with (T_max), (T_min), Relative Humidity (RH%), wind speed m/sec, radiation MJ/m².day, rainfall mm/day and crop yield and crop data were used for the calibration. Timing and amount of irrigation, soil water content and field management (level of fertilization and weed control) were the only calibrated parameters in order to obtain a relative correspondence between the actual and estimated values of yield by the program. The above data were collected from the weather stations located near the research farms which belong to Al-Erra Station –Sana’a and the Central Highlands Research Station-Dhamar, which were the selected sites of the study. They were different in terms of elevation above sea level, climatic and ecological nature. Some statistical indicators were used to assess accuracy and correctness at calibration of AquaCrop. Results of this study showed that the two crops will had a significant decrease in average yields, water productivity and water consumption at fixed concentration of CO₂. Growth period will also decrease as a result of high temperature in the three models over medium term 2040-2050 compared with the base years 1985-2005, this decrease is more significant in the scenario (RCP-8.5) compared to the scenario (RCP 4.5). Wheat yield and water productivity in Dhamar and Sana’a will be improved with the increased concentration of CO₂ over the medium term (2040-2050) under both irrigation and supplementary irrigation. For sorghum, it was noticed that yield and water productivity were decreased with the increased concentration of CO₂ in both scenarios and it was lower in Sana’a than in Dhamar due to the fluctuation of rain precipitation and drought occurrence, as sorghum, its cultivation depends on rain.

Key words: Climate change, Economic crops, Productivity.

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Effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Balanced Fertilization ‎‎(NPK) on Some Productive and Quality Characteristics in ‎Sweet Corn (Zea mays var. saccharata) (Merit Hybrid) Under ‎Salt Stress ‎

Mais Daher⁽¹⁾ Majd Darwish*⁽¹⁾ and Sawsan Haifa⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia. Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Land Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Darwish. Lattakia. Syria. E-mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received: 12/02/2019 Accepted: 25/03/2019

Abstract

The experiment was carried out at a greenhouse in the Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, during the agricultural season 2018, by the cultivation of the sweet corn (Zea mays var. Saccharata) grains (Merit hybrid) in plastic pots that were distributed according to randomized complete design with six pots per treatment. The research aimed to study the effect of plant spray with the gibberellic acid (15 and 30 ppm), balanced fertilizer (NPK) (10 g/L), and both gibberellic acid and balanced fertilizer on some growth, productivity and quality characteristics of sweet-corn-hybrid under salt stress conditions (4, 8 and 12) dS/cm. The saline stress, especially at 8 and 12 dS/cm levels, negatively affected the growth of sweet corn plants that led to decrease in fresh ears yield (g/plant) with reduced kernels protein content. The treatment of balanced fertilization NPK did not show any significant effects (P˃0.05) on the growth and productivity of plant; while the spray with gibberellic acid showed positive effects on most of morphological, physiological and productivity (fresh ears yield and its components) and quality (total content (%) of soluble sugar and protein) traits of the plants that were growing under control or salt stress conditions. It could be recommended to spray gibberellic acid with 15-30 ppm concentrations considering to its observed role in stimulating the growth of Merit hybrid, besides increasing the yield and quality of fresh ears, as well as improving the plants tolerance to saline stress.

Keywords: Sweet corn, Gibberellic acid GA₃, Balanced fertilizer (NPK), Salt stress.

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Selection‏ ‏of Tetraploid Primitive Wheat Genotypes Tolerant ‎to Drought Stress ‎

Yaman Jabbour*⁽¹⁾ Mohammad Shafik Hakim⁽¹⁾ Filippo M Bassi⁽²⁾ Abdallah Al-Yossef⁽³⁾ Maysoun M. Saleh⁽³⁾ Ahmad Shams Al-Dien Shaaban⁽⁴⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria.

(3). General commission for scientific Agriculture research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(4). Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Technological Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Yaman Jabbour. E-Mail: yaman.jab@gmail.com).

Received: 17/05/2019 Accepted: 15/07/2019

Abstract

The study was carried out during 2016/2017 season at AL-Sfira location which belongs to the Scientific Agriculture Research Center in Aleppo. The study aimed to select drought tolerant tetraploid primitive wheat genotypes. 22 genotypes of tetraploid primitive wheat belong to three types were: T. polonicum, T. carthlicum and T. dicoccom in addition to 2 cultivar; Cham5 and Bohouth7 as control that were planted in two trials (water-stress) and (un-water stress) in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Grain yield were studied and the percentage of reduction was estimated as a result of water stress. Drought tolerance indices were assessed, also viz. Yield Stability Index (YSI), Tolerance Index (TOL), Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI) and Stress Tolerance Index (STI). The correlations between drought tolerance indices and grain yield under both conditions were estimated for determining the most effective indices which were used to estimate Principle Component Analysis of genotypes, in addition, a Genotype Environment Interaction analysis was conducted. The results showed that the drought stress reduced grain yield for all genotypes significantly, the lowest decrease was recorded for T. polonicum (N.16) 21.44% which had the highest yield under drought stress (380 g/m²), and the most effective indices were (GMP MP and STI) for drought tolerance selection genotypes, and according to the values of drought tolerance indices the two genotypes 16 and 19 were the best genotypes followed by (20, 21). Principal Component Analysis revealed that the genotypes (16, 19, 20 and 21) were the best genotypes under the two treatments, and this conclusion was confirmed by genotype environment interaction analysis, which showed that the best genotypes were T.carthilicum (N. 20) and T. polonicum (N.16) in terms of yield and stability under study environments.

Key wards: Primitive wheat, Selection, Drought tolerance indices, Genotype environment interaction, Principle component analysis.

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The Application Effect of GA3 on Plant Growth, Yield and ‎Quality Attributes of Tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill.) ‎

Kamal Krishna Mistry*⁽¹⁾ Kazi Farhad Iqubal⁽²⁾ and Shyama Prasad Bapari⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Akbar Ali Khan Technical Institute (Education Complex) under the Ministry of Education, Comilla-3517, Dhaka

(2). Department of Environmental Science, State University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

(3). Ministry of Education, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Kamal Krishna Mistry. E-Mail: kkmistryphd@yahoo.com)

Received: 13/04/2020 Accepted: 22/05/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted at the ‘Integrated Farm’ of the International Anjel Association, Voluntary Organization of Japan, Konabari, Gazipure during the period of 10 November-30 January 2018, Bangladesh to find out the better performance of GA₃ treatments doses on tomato variety Ratan. Data were collected on plant height, leaves number, fruits number per plant, fruit weight per plant, ascorbic acid and total soluble solids (Brix) regarding five levels of gibberellic acid viz. 20 ppm (T₁), 40 ppm (T₂), 60 ppm (T₃), 80 ppm (T₄) and 100 ppm (T₅) beside T₀ which represents the control. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Application of GA₃ at 100 ppm caused an increase in plant height (50.30 cm), leaves number (50), fruits number (29.50 per/plant), fruit weight (1.52 kg/plant), ascorbic acid (1.80 mg/100gm) and total soluble solids (4.10 Brix) among the different treatments of GA₃.

Keywords: Gibberellic acid (GA₃), Tomato, Yield, Quality, Bangladesh.

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Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for ‎Agro-Morphological Traits in Lentil (Lens culinaris) ‎Genotypes

Dinesh Ghimire*⁽¹⁾ Aatish Gurung⁽¹⁾ Sushmita Kunwar⁽¹⁾ Archana Paudel⁽¹⁾ Rajendra Prasad Poudel⁽¹⁾ and Ganga Ram Kohar⁽²⁾

(1). Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi, Nepal.

(2). Andhra University, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Varanasi – 221 005, India.

(*Corresponding author: Dinesh Ghimire. E-Mail: dineshghimire01@gmail.com).

Received: 19/04/2020 Accepted: 13/05/2020

Abstract

Assessing variability and correlations for agro-morphological traits of lentil are the important aspects in the development of lentil varieties. Six lentil genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications at Agronomy Research Farm of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal during winter season of 2018/19 to assess the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for agro-morphological traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all traits. The values of Phenotypic Coefficient of Variance (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variance (GCV) for all the characters, and the number of pods per plant exhibited high estimates of both PCV and GCV indicating substantial scope of improvement through selection. The number of secondary branches showed the highest PCV (0.89) and GCV (0.50) whereas the lowest PCV (0.02) and GCV (0.00) were recorded for date to 50% maturity. High heritability (0.62) coupled with high genetic advance (192.63) as percent mean was observed for the grain yield. Grain yield showed positive and significant phenotypic correlation with number of pods per plant (r=0.424) and plant height (r=0.420). The highest positive direct effects were observed in plant height followed by number of grains per pods, number of secondary branches and number of pods per plant; suggesting the importance of these characters and the necessity of adopting them as selection criteria for grain yield improvement.

Key words: Lentil, Grain yield, Heritability, Correlation, Path analysis.

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Comparison of Production and Quality Traits of Fodder Beet ‎‎(Beta vulgaris var Crasssa) under two Winter Sowing Dates in ‎Homs Governorate

Julnar Mansour⁽¹⁾ Entessar Al-Jbawi*⁽²⁾ Ahmad Muhanna⁽¹⁾ and Faddi Abbas⁽³⁾

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Crops Department. Al Baath University, Syria.

(2). Sugar Beet Department, Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Homs Research Center, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Entessar Al JBawi. E-mail: dr.entessara@gmail.com and dr.entessara@gcsar.gov.sy).

Received: 01/03/2020 Accepted: 22/03/2020

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted at the General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Homs Research Center during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons, to compare production and quality traits of five monogerm fodder beet varieties, i.e. Caribou, Varians, SV Four 16, Tarine and Lipari. The experiment was sown in winter (mid of February and mid Mars). A split plot design was used, with three replicates. The results showed the superiority of mid-February sowing date to get higher values of production traits (root and shoot yields) for all studied varieties. While sowing fodder beet in mid-Mars is better if the purpose was to reserve the crop as dry forage and give it later for the animals, because this date gave higher dry matter. The results also showed that the monogerm variety Lipari was the best for most of the production and quality traits as compared with the other varieties. The study recommend growing fodder beet in mid-February to mid-Mars under Homs conditions, but after conducting a complementary researches concerns the other agricultural treatments as, lifting time, plant spacing, rate of fertilizer and applications …etc, and also to test more monogerm and multigerm new varieties from different sources.

Key words: Fodder beet, Sowing date, Production traits, Quality traits, Varieties.

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Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlation and Path Coefficient ‎Analysis for Grain Yield and its Components in Some ‎Sweetcorn (Zea mays L. saccharata) Genotypes

Mohamed Nael Khattab^*(1)

(1). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohamed Nael Khattab. E-Mail: aboalabd876@gmail.com).

Received: 21/05/2019 Accepted: 06/09/2019

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Dmsrkho region, Latakia governorate, Syria, during two seasons 2017 and 2018. Six genotypes of maize Zea mays L. saccharat were used in this study, i.e: Temptation,Target-A, Sucaria-1 and Sucaria-7- Merritt (USA), and (Faihaa) to study of the genotypic and phenotypic correlation and path analysis of yield and its components (number of grains per row, number of rows per ear, 100 kernel weight, ear length, ear circumference), to determine the most common traits of yield and to determine the appropriate selection criteria evidence to improve Sweetcorn. The study showed that the genotypic correlations were higher in most studied traits. The study of genetic correlations were significant and positive in most traits, especially between the fresh yield of the plant with the plant height (r_g=0.57**), ear height (r_g=0.53**), ear length (r_g=0.69**(, ear circumference (r_g= 0.83**), number of rows in per ear (r_g=0.34**), number of grains per row (r_g= 0.72**) and 100 kernel weight )r_g=0.66**.( The results showed a high direct effect of the number of grains per row )Genotypic 0.55 and phenotypic 0.53), 100 kernel weight (Genotypic 0.563 and phenotypic 0.451), number of rows per ear (Genotypic 0.51 and phenotypic 0.35( and plant height (Genotypic 0.113 and phenotypic 0.184(, on the individual plant yield because of their strong correlation with it. These traits can therefore be relied as selection criteria to improve grain yield in Sweet corn. The relative importance of the yield variability was (58.67%) because of the fifth aforementioned traits, while the other effects on yield were (41.33%). These five traits are the most important traits that affect the variation in yield in this study

Key words: Sweet corn, Genotypic correlation, phenotypic correlation, genotypic path coefficient, phenotypic path coefficient.

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