Category Archives: V7N2-April 2020

Residual Effect of Some Heavy Elements in Propolis and Bees ‎Wax as an Indicator of Pollution in Latakia Governorate, ‎Syria

Vienna Hammoud*(1) Khalil Moukayess(2) and Liena salama(3)

(1). Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tartous University, Tartous, Syria.

(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Vienna Hammoud. E-mail:viennahammoud@gmail.com).

Received: 19/03/2019                               Accepted: 07/05/2019

Abstract

The concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) in propolis and bees wax were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The samples were collected from five different locations of Latakia; Qardahah (Asitamo), Haffeh (Dabba), Jableh (Snouper), Latakia city (Al-Ramel Al-Shamali\ Autostrade of Al-Jomhouria) and Eastern Entryway to Latakia, during the spring and autumn in 2014. The results showed that there were significant differences in the concentrations of all tested elements between the locations, it was also demonstrated significant differences between the mean concentrations of all elements in propolis and  bee wax except cadmium. The concentration of nickel, zinc and lead were significantly higher in propolis than bees wax, except the concentration of copper which was high  in  bees wax. The concentration of copper, zinc, nickel and lead was similar in both spring and autumn, unlike the concentration of cadmium in autumn (0.019 ppm) which was higher than in spring (0.009 ppm).

Key words: Bee, Propolis,  Bees wax,  Copper, Zinc, Nickel, Lead, Cadmium.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Adding Pollen Palm Date to Diet on Some ‎Biochemical Blood Parameters of Japanese Quail Males ‎‎(Coturnix coturnix japonica)‎

Khalid C.K. Al-Salhie*(1) Tarik F. Shawket(1) and Bashar A.M. Lehmood(2)

(1). Animal Production Department, Agriculture College, Basrah University, Iraq.

(2). The State Company for Agricultural Supplies, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq. 

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Khalid C.K. Al-Salhie. E-Mail: knnz1977@yahoo.com).

Received: 18/12/2019                               Accepted: 13/03/2020

Abstract

A total of (240) of brown quail were used in the present study of one-day old. The birds were randomly distributed into five treatments. Each treatment contained 48 chicks with three replicates, each had 16 chicks. The treatments were as the following; the first (T1), the second (T2), the third (T3), the fourth (T4) and fifth (T5), which were diet on date palm pollen of (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg) for the aforementioned treatments, respectively. The results indicated a significant increase in the concentration of total protein and globulin in male serum of T3, T4 and T5 compared to other treatments. In addition, there was a significant increase in albumin concentration in the control treatment compared to other treatments. On the other hand, a significant decrease in H/L was found in the blood of T5 compared to other treatments. As well as, a significant increase in serum cholesterol, glucose, GOT and GPT were found in the control treatment compared to other treatments. It could be concluded that the addition of date palm pollens to brown quail diet increased the globulin and consequently immunity. On the other hand, the treatments  decreased  H/L ratio and liver enzymes (GPT and GOT).

Keywords: Quail, Date palm pollen, Blood parameters.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Study the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of ‎Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Pulp and Seed

Shamaail A. Saewan*(1) Rawdhah M. Ali(1) Saher S. George(1) and Lina S. Mohammed(1)  

(1).Department of Food science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.  Shamaail A. Saewan. E-Mail: shamaail@yahoo.com).

Received: 12/01/2020                               Accepted: 12/03/2020

Abstract

The current study was conducted from November, 2017 to May, 2018. Tamarindus indica L. was purchased from commercial markets in Basrah city, southern Iraq. The pulp and seeds were isolated and dried separately at 40° C for 72 hours. The chemical composition was estimated. High significant differences (P<0.05) were observed for moisture, ash and carbohydrate contents between pulp and seeds. No significant differences (P<0.05) were observed for protein and lipids. 50% of ethanol solution extracts of pulp and seeds were prepared with different concentrations of (5, 25, 50, 75 and 100) mg/ml. Antioxidant activity, reducing power and FRAP (Ferric reducing/antioxidant power) were measured. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found between the concentrations mentioned above and tamarind extracts (pulp and seed). High significant differences (P<0.05) were found for the concentration of 100 mg/ml of pulp extracts, while low significant differences for the concentration of 5 mg/ml of seed extract for all the mentioned tests in comparison with the standard compounds.

Key words: Tamarindus indica, Antioxidant activity, Chemical composition, Reducing power.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Comparison of Production and Quality Traits of Fodder Beet ‎‎(Beta vulgaris var Crasssa) under two Winter Sowing Dates in ‎Homs Governorate

Julnar Mansour(1) Entessar Al-Jbawi*(2) Ahmad Muhanna(1) and Faddi Abbas(3)

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Crops Department. Al Baath University, Syria.

(2). Sugar Beet Department, Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Homs Research Center, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Entessar Al JBawi. E-mail: dr.entessara@gmail.com and dr.entessara@gcsar.gov.sy).

Received: 01/03/2020                              Accepted: 22/03/2020

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted at the General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Homs Research Center during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons, to compare production and quality traits of five monogerm fodder beet varieties, i.e. Caribou, Varians, SV Four 16, Tarine and Lipari. The experiment was sown in winter (mid of February and mid Mars). A split plot design was used, with three replicates. The results showed the superiority of mid-February sowing date  to get higher values of production traits (root and shoot yields) for all studied varieties. While sowing fodder beet in mid-Mars is better if the purpose was to reserve the crop as dry forage and give it later for the animals, because this date gave higher dry matter. The results also showed that the monogerm variety Lipari was the best for most of the production and quality traits as compared with the other varieties.  The study recommend growing fodder beet in mid-February to mid-Mars under Homs conditions, but after conducting a complementary researches concerns the other agricultural treatments as, lifting time, plant spacing,  rate of fertilizer and applications …etc, and also to test more monogerm and multigerm new varieties from different sources.

Key words: Fodder beet, Sowing date, Production traits, Quality traits, Varieties.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlation and Path Coefficient ‎Analysis for Grain Yield and its Components in Some ‎Sweetcorn (Zea mays L. saccharata) Genotypes

Mohamed Nael Khattab*(1)

(1). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohamed Nael Khattab. E-Mail: aboalabd876@gmail.com).

Received: 21/05/2019                               Accepted: 06/09/2019

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Dmsrkho region, Latakia governorate, Syria, during two seasons 2017 and 2018.  Six genotypes of maize Zea mays L. saccharat were used in this study, i.e: Temptation,Target-A, Sucaria-1 and Sucaria-7- Merritt (USA), and (Faihaa) to study of the  genotypic and phenotypic correlation and path analysis  of yield and its components (number of grains per row, number of rows per ear, 100 kernel weight, ear length, ear circumference), to determine the most common traits of yield and to determine the appropriate selection criteria evidence to improve Sweetcorn. The study showed that the genotypic correlations were higher in most studied traits. The study of genetic correlations were significant and positive in most traits, especially between the fresh yield of the plant with the plant height (rg=0.57**), ear height (rg=0.53**), ear length (rg=0.69**(, ear circumference (rg= 0.83**), number of rows in per ear (rg=0.34**), number of grains per row (rg= 0.72**) and 100 kernel weight )rg=0.66**.( The results showed a high direct effect of the number of grains per row )Genotypic 0.55 and phenotypic 0.53), 100 kernel weight (Genotypic 0.563 and phenotypic 0.451), number of rows per ear  (Genotypic 0.51 and  phenotypic 0.35( and plant height  (Genotypic 0.113 and phenotypic 0.184(, on the individual plant yield because of their strong correlation with it. These traits can therefore be relied as selection criteria to improve grain yield in Sweet corn. The relative importance of the yield variability was (58.67%) because of the fifth aforementioned traits, while the other effects on yield were (41.33%). These five traits are the most important traits that affect the variation in yield in this study

Key words: Sweet corn, Genotypic correlation, phenotypic correlation, genotypic path coefficient, phenotypic path coefficient.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Spraying with Yeast Suspension and Plant Density ‎on Some Growth and Yield Components Traits of Vicia faba ‎L.‎

Wafaa Suleiman Khedr*(1)

(1). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, AlBaath University, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Wafaa Suleiman Khedr. E-Mail: ghassankdr@gmail.com).

Received: 10/02/2019                               Accepted: 26/03/2019

Abstract

This research was carried out at Barry Al- Garby village, Al Salameah region during 2017/2018 season to study the effect of spraying with yeast suspension and plant density on some growth and productivity traits of faba bean crop (var. Kubrusy). Three concentrations of yeast solution were used (2, 4 and 6) g/l in addition the control treatment. Three densities were studied (12.5, 16.7 and 25 plants/m2). A split plot design with three replications was used. Spraying with yeast suspension (6) g/l caused a significant increase in plant height (75.21) cm, number of branches/plant (3.65), pod length (11.33) cm, number of pods (11.18) pod/plant, weight of dry seeds (33.37) g/plant and seed yield (0.58) kg/m2. Increasing plant density to (25) plant/m2 caused an increase in plant height (75.2) cm, the first pod height (18.57) cm and seed yield (0.53) kg/m2, while it caused a significant decrease in number of branches/plant (2.97), number of pods(6.5) pod/plant , weight of dry seeds (21.12) g/plant. Spraying (6) g/l of yeast and planting (25) plants/m2 gave the highest seed yield (0.69) kg/m2.

Key words: Faba bean, Yeast, Plant density, Yield components, Seed yield.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Response of Some Growth and Productivity Traits of ‎Coriander Plant (Corianderum sativum L.) Under Different ‎Sources of Organic Fertilization

Hala Mohammad*(1) Mohamead Abd Elaziz(1) and Roula Yacoub(2)

(1). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakis, Syria.

(2). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Hala Mohamed: halamohammad445@gmail.com).

Received: 23/03/2019                               Accepted: 14/04/2019

Abstract

The lack of information about the cultivation of coriander plants in Syria increased the importance of this study, which examined the effect of some sources of organic fertilization (cow muck, compost and poultry fertilizer) at a rate of 15 tons/ha of each fertilizer. This study was conducted in Tartous  at Banias region during 2018 season. A complete randomized block design arranged according to split split plot was used with three replicates. The results showed that there were significant differences between most of the studied traits. Compost manure exceeded cow muck and poultry manure in most traits (plant height, number of branches/plant, number of leaves and number of shoots/plants) )58.40 cm, 7.33, 5.70 and 17.00) respectively, while poultry fertilizer gave the highest values ​​(9.38 g/plant, 10.78 g) of weight of seeds/plant and weight of 1000 seeds, respectively.

Key words: Coriander, Organic fertilizer, Compost, Cattle, Poultry.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Determination of Some Selection Indicators in Chickpeas ‎‎(Cicer arietinum) Under Water Stress Conditions‎

Hiba Alatrash*(1) Mohammad. Sh. Hakim(1) Abdallah ALYoussef(2) Mohammad. J. Hamndosh(1) and Ahmad. Sh.A. Shaaban(3)

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Aleppo Research Center, General commission for scientific Agriculture Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Biotech Engineering, Faculty of Technological Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Hiba Alatrash. E-Mail: hiba.fad.16@gmail.com).

Received: 26/05/2019                               Accepted: 12/06/2019

Abstract

The study was carried out at AL-Sfireh location which belongs to Scientific Agriculture Research Center in Aleppo during 2016/2017, in  order to study the phenotypic-genotypic correlation and to define the most important selection indicators by path coefficient analysis of seed yield traits. (28) genotypes and two varieties i.e. Ghab4 and Ghab5 as control were planted in two experiments (under drought stress and non-drought stress conditions) in randomized complete block design with tow replications. The traits (100-seeds weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, plant height, no. of days to flowering, no. of days to maturity) were studied. The results showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits in both experiments, the correlation analysis showed a positive and significant relationships between seed yield and number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100-seeds weight and plant height, while a significant and negative correlation was noticed between seed yield and no. of days to flowering and no. of days to maturity under drought stress experiment and in the non-drought stress experiment. Positive and high significant relationships were recorded between seed yield and number of pods per plant and positive significant correlation was recorded between seed yield and number of seeds per plant and 100-seeds weight. Path coefficient analysis exposed that number of pods per plant had the highest positive direct effect on seed yield followed by 100-seeds weight, but number of pods per plant had the highest positive indirect effect on seed yield through the number of seeds per plant followed by plant height whereas no. of days to flowering and no. of days to maturity had the highest negative indirect effects on seed yield through the number of pods per plant under drought stress experiments. Also, under non drought stress experiments number of pods per plant had the highest positive direct effect on seed yield followed by 100-seeds weight but number of pods per plant had the highest positive indirect effect on seed yield through number of seeds per plant followed by plant height. This study confirmed the importance of number of pods per plant, 100-seeds weight and early flowering as indicators for the development of drought tolerant genotypes.

 Key words: Chickpea, Yield components, Phenotypic-genotypic correlations, Path analysis, Selection indicators.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Plant Density and Nitrogen Fertilization on Some ‎Morphological, Physiological and Productivity Characteristics ‎of sorghum bicolor L.‎

Mohamed Abd Alaziz(1) and Fatema Antar*(1)

(1). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Fatema Antar. E-Mail: anterfatemah@gmail.com). 

Received: 28/11/2018                               Accepted: 06/02/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out in the coastal area at Bauqa Farm, and at the laboratories of Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, during the season 2018 in order to study the effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilization and their interaction on some morphological, physiological and productivity parameters of sorghum plant to obtain the highest grain yield. Jumbo variety  was used which obtained from General Organization of Seed Multiplication in Latakia. The design of the experiment was Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with the arrangement of split plot design with three replicates. The density treatments were distributed in the main plots (3.33, 5 and 10 plants/m2), while nitrogen fertilization levels were allocated in the sub plots (200, 300 and 400 kg/ha) in addition to the control treatment without nitrogen addition. The density of 10 plants / m2 and the  nitrogen fertilization of 300 kg/ha gave the highest grain yield (ton/ha) under the conditions of the experiment. While the density of 3.33 plants/m 2 and the nitrogen addition of 400 kg/ha gave the  highest length of the plant number of leaves/plant, number of grains/rosset and weight of 100 seeds. The grain yield correlated positively and significantly with rosset length (r=0.541**), grains number (r=0.509**),  area index (r=0.502 **) and the rosset weight (r=0.456 **). Thus it is possible to improve the productivity by improving the mentioned traits above due to the positive correlation with them.

Key words: Sorghum bicolor, Plant density, Nitrogen fertilization, Yield, Morphological traits.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Response of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Varieties to Mineral and Bio ‎Fertilizers

Lamiaa. M. Al-Freeh*(1) Kadhim H. Huthily(1) and Sundus.  A. Alabdulla(1)

(1). Crops Department, Facultu of Agriculture, Basrah University, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Lamiaa. M. Al-freeh. E-Mail: lamiaaalfreeh610@gmail.com).

Received: 16/01/2020                               Accepted: 22/03/2020

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out during the growing seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 at Al-Zubair district, Basra Province, to study the response of three varieties of oats (Ganzania, Shafaa and Carrolup) to mineral and bio fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum), phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Pantoea agglomerans) and potassium solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus subtits and Bacillus mucilaginosus) were used in seven levels: (B0 = control, B1 = mineral NPK, B2= NPK bio fertilizer, B3 = N bio. + mineral PK, B4 = NP bio. + mineral K, B5 = NK bio. + mineral P and B6 = PK bio. + mineral N) on yield components, grain yield and  the concentration of NPK nutrients in grains and vegetative parts. Randomized complete block design RCBD was used which arranged according to split-plot design with three replicates, the fertilizers were placed on the main plots, while varieties were at the sub-plots. The results showed that fertilization with bio-fertilizer NPK (B2) increased significantly the studied traits (NPK% concentration in grains and vegetative part, panicles/m2, grains/panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and protein yield). For the two seasons, while treatment B2 gave an increase in grain yield of 189.96 and 197.3%, and the biological yield 112.92 and 137.36% compared with control treatment for the two seasons respectively. Varieties differed in most of the studied traits, Ganzania resulted in highest grain yield in the first season (5.774 t/ha) while Shafaa gave the highest yield in the second season (8.691 t/ha). The interaction of Ganzania with B2 and gave the highest grain yield (8.429 t/ha) in the first season, while in the second season all varieties showed significant superiority with B2 and produced the highest grain yield, biological yield and protein yield without significant difference between them. The study recommends the use of bio-fertilization that containing various microorganisms (nitrogen-fixing and phosphorous  potassium solubilizing bacteria) and it is preferable to grow Ganzania or the Shafaa variety.

Key words: Oat, Varieties, Bio fertilizers, Mineral, Yield.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF