Category Archives: v7n3June 2020

Effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Balanced Fertilization ‎‎(NPK) on Some Productive and Quality Characteristics in ‎Sweet Corn (Zea mays var. saccharata) (Merit Hybrid) Under ‎Salt Stress ‎

Mais Daher(1) Majd Darwish*(1) and Sawsan Haifa(2)

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia. Syria.

 (2). Department of Soil and Land Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Darwish. Lattakia. Syria. E-mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received: 12/02/2019                               Accepted: 25/03/2019

Abstract

The experiment was carried out at a greenhouse in the Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, during the agricultural season 2018, by the cultivation of the sweet corn (Zea mays var. Saccharata) grains (Merit hybrid) in plastic pots that were distributed according to randomized complete design with six pots per treatment. The research aimed to study the effect of plant spray with the gibberellic acid (15 and 30 ppm), balanced fertilizer (NPK) (10 g/L), and both gibberellic acid and balanced fertilizer on some growth, productivity and quality characteristics of sweet-corn-hybrid under salt stress conditions (4, 8 and 12) dS/cm. The saline stress, especially at 8 and 12 dS/cm levels, negatively affected the growth of sweet corn plants that led to decrease in fresh ears yield (g/plant) with reduced kernels protein content. The treatment of balanced fertilization NPK did not show any significant effects (P˃0.05) on the growth and productivity of plant; while the spray with gibberellic acid showed positive effects on most of morphological, physiological and productivity (fresh ears yield and its components) and quality (total content (%) of soluble sugar and protein) traits of the plants that were growing under control or salt stress conditions.  It could be recommended to spray gibberellic acid with 15-30 ppm concentrations considering to its observed role in stimulating the growth of Merit hybrid, besides increasing the yield and quality of fresh ears, as well as improving the plants tolerance to saline stress.

Keywords: Sweet corn, Gibberellic acid GA3, Balanced fertilizer (NPK), Salt stress.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Selection‏ ‏of Tetraploid Primitive Wheat Genotypes Tolerant ‎to Drought Stress ‎

Yaman Jabbour*(1) Mohammad Shafik Hakim(1) Filippo M Bassi(2) Abdallah Al-Yossef(3)  Maysoun M. Saleh(3) Ahmad Shams Al-Dien Shaaban(4)

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria.

(3). General commission for scientific Agriculture research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(4). Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Technological Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Yaman Jabbour. E-Mail: yaman.jab@gmail.com).

Received: 17/05/2019                               Accepted: 15/07/2019

Abstract

The study was carried out during 2016/2017 season at AL-Sfira location which belongs to the Scientific Agriculture Research Center in Aleppo. The study aimed to select drought tolerant tetraploid primitive wheat genotypes. 22 genotypes of tetraploid primitive wheat belong to three types were: T. polonicum, T. carthlicum and T. dicoccom in addition to 2 cultivar; Cham5 and Bohouth7 as control that were planted in two trials (water-stress) and (un-water stress) in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Grain yield were studied and the percentage of reduction was estimated as a result of water stress. Drought tolerance indices were assessed, also viz. Yield Stability Index (YSI), Tolerance Index (TOL), Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI) and Stress Tolerance Index (STI). The correlations between drought tolerance indices and grain yield under both conditions were estimated for determining the most effective indices which were used to estimate Principle Component Analysis of genotypes, in addition, a Genotype Environment Interaction analysis was conducted. The results showed that the drought stress reduced grain yield for all genotypes significantly, the lowest decrease was recorded for T. polonicum (N.16) 21.44% which had the highest yield under drought stress (380 g/m2), and the most effective indices were (GMP MP and STI) for drought tolerance selection genotypes, and according to the values of drought tolerance indices the two genotypes 16 and 19 were the best genotypes followed by (20, 21). Principal Component Analysis revealed that the genotypes (16, 19, 20 and 21) were the best genotypes under the two treatments, and this conclusion was confirmed by genotype environment interaction analysis, which showed that the best genotypes were T.carthilicum (N. 20) and T. polonicum (N.16) in terms of yield and stability under study environments.

Key wards: Primitive wheat, Selection, Drought tolerance indices, Genotype environment interaction, Principle component analysis.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Relationship between Rainfall and Surface Soil Moisture ‎within Time series in the Syrian Coast Using Remote Sensing ‎Data

Nada Wafik Mohammad*(1) Waseem Al Mesber(2) and Eyad Ahmad Al_Khaled(3)

(1). Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus, Syria.
(2).Department of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.
(3). General Organization of Remote Sensing, Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Eng. Nada Wafik Mohammad. E-Mail: nada.muhammad1988@gmail.com

Received: 20/12/2020                               Accepted: 09/02/2020

Abstract

This study was carried out in the Syrian coast region with the aim of studying the relationship between the amount of rain precipitation and the surface soil moisture at a depth of 10 cm for a time series starting from 2005 to 2010 and for this purpose data derived from satellite imagery of rain precipitation of type Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission TRMM was used for each month of the study period from the beginning of January 2005 to December 2010 to get a total of 72 images, in addition to the use of satellite images of surface soil moisture at a depth of 10 cm simultaneously with the space data of rain precipitation. Erdas Imagine and ArcGis software were used to process the images of rain precipitation and soil moisture and their outputs. The correlation between rain precipitation and soil surface moisture was also studied. The produced maps showed that the years 2008 and 2010 were the least recorded years of rain (579 and 544 mm), respectively, while the year 2009 was the highest recording of the precipitation of 1039 mm. This was in line with the maps produced for surface moisture, as the years that retain the highest surface moisture at a depth of 10 cm during this time series were 2009, 2006, 2007, 2005 and the lowest years recording the surface moisture during the studied time series were 2008 and 2010. The results also showed when studying the relationship between ground and surface moisture at the level of the study points and months of the year that rainfalls are concentrated in the months of January and February to decrease in March and April, to clearly decrease from May to almost no in August and July to start to rise from September to ascending until December was somewhat in line with the surface moisture maps. The study of the total correlation of the total time series showed a highly significant positive correlation between the amount of rain and surface moisture of 0.739**. This relationship was at the level of months of the year of high positive correlation for months 1, 2, 4, 10, 11 and 12 and negative for months 6, 7, 8 and 9.

Key words: Remote sensing, Soil surface moisture, Rainfall, Syrian coast.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

A Hydrological Climatic Study for Tal Al-Tot Watershed in ‎Hama, Syria

Jamil Abbas(1) and Hafez Mahmoud AlSalman*(1)

(1). Renewable Natural Resources and Environment Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Hafez Mahmoud AlSalman. E-Mail: hafsel80@gmail.com).

Received: 19/03/2019                               Accepted: 17/07/2019

Abstract

The research was conducted  in 2009 at Tal Al-Tot watershed in ​​Salmiya, Hama governorate, with has an area of ​​281.3 km2, in order to define  the hydrologic  situation and water balance, depending  on topographic maps, geological maps, satellite image, GIS and climatic data (temperature, precipitation and evaporation), which were collected from a number of meteo stations in the study area, besides data from the Directorate of Water Resources in Hama, which included surface flow ratios and underground water levels, for number of  the representing wells in the study area, to make a  set of databases, also, the relation between the elements of water balance was studied, besides the ground water movement of the targeted watershed. The results indicated that the basin was elongated and the hydrographic net was dense and branched, and the concentration time was 10.14 hours. The water balance showed that most of the total rainfall is lost by evaporation, and the runoff  was (23)%. The diagrams of the studied wells indicated to a decrease in water levels by 1 m/year, where the lowest level was in November. The comparison of groundwater with rainfall clarified that the infiltration took two months to recharge the aquifers. These findings highlighted  the importance of focusing  on hydrological study of the watershed to give good management that optimizes the use of water by determining  volume of precipitation, water inflow, water outflow, storage and various requirements, then to  develop of these resources through the dissemination of  water harvesting techniques.

Key words: Watershed, Tal Al-Tot location, Water balance, Water loss.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Taxonomy of Imported Medicinal Plants Used in Traditional ‎Medicine in Aleppo

Abdel Aleem Bello*(1) and Tawfik Al-Boshi(2)

(1). Plant Bilolgy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Renewable Natural Resources and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: D. Abdel Aleem Bello. E-Mail: abdelaleembello@gmail.com).

Received: 24/09/2018                               Accepted: 13/02/2019

Abstract

The medicinal plants were still used in traditional medicine in the city of Aleppo, despite the availability of prescribed chemical drugs, and the documentation of this medical knowledge is very important. The study included identification and classification of 52 imported medicinal plants belonging to 36 plant families, and used in traditional medicine in Aleppo city to treat many diseases and disorders. The samples were collected from the herbalist shops, and the data were collected from the herbalists and from the related references. The list of plants was arranged alphabetically by scientific name, recorded next to each plant, the plant part used, and the uses of each species in traditional medicine. The most representative families were Zingiberaceae and Fabaceae, with 5 plants (9.61%) each, followed by Lauraceae with 3 plants (5.77%). The most vegetative parts used were fruits from 16 plants (30.77%), followed by gums and oils from 8 plants (15.38%), then seeds from 6 plants (11.54%). The most common uses were the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in 27 plants (51.92%), followed by skin and hair, cardiovascular diseases and sexual problems in 10 plants (19.23%) each. Plants were classified according to the source as 22 plants from India (42.31%), 12 from China (23.08%), and 6 from Sudan (11.54%).

Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Traditional Medicine, Herbalists, Scientific classification, Plant family.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Phosphate and Potassium Humate on Growth and ‎Productivity Traits of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Cultivated in ‎Calcareous Soil

Osama Hatta(1) Ghiath Alloush*(2) and Rabee Zainah(1)

(1). Lattakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria. 

(*Cprresponding author: Dr. Ghiath Alloush. E-Mail: galloush@scs-net.org).

Received: 17/01/2020                               Accepted: 04/04/2020

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in calcareous soil (CaCO3 = 49.7%) during 2018 season at Stkheres Research Station in Lattakia to study the effect of humates (0 and 25 kg K-humate/ha) on the response of maize crop (Tango hybrid) to TSP application (0 – 30 – 60 – 90 – 120 and 240 kg/ha). The experiment therefore consisted of 12 treatments with three replicates, and plots were completely randomized. Growth and P uptake were followed on complete selected plants 56 and 101 days from sowing, corresponding to VT and V6 of maize phonological stages. At harvest (after 101 days), productivity of grain yield and straw were measured and some efficiency parameters related to growth. Also, P uptake and productivity were calculated. Maize plants produced the highest dry matter in non-humic treatments at VT stage in the treatment P5H0 (115.1g/plant), which was not significantly different compared to the second TSP application rate in the presence of humate (treatment P2H1=112 g/plant). The analysis of variance showed a highly significant effect for both phosphate and humates applications on relative grain yield increase (RGYI), which increased in P3H0 treatment by 21.5% and in P3H1 treatment by 28.1%. Humate application did not provide a significant impact on the phosphate utilization efficiency.

Keyword: Phosphate fertilizer TSP, Potassium humate, Zea mays, Calcareous soil.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

The Effect of Soil Treatments with Different Concentrations ‎of Sulfuric Acid on Some Vegetative Growth Traits of Tomato ‎‎(Lycopersicom esculentum L.) Under the Conditions of ‎DerAzzur Governorate

Maain Najem AlAbdallah(1) and Mohammed Ahmad AlSheikh*(1)

(1). Soil and Reclamation Lands Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Furat University, DerAzzur, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Mohammed Ahmad AlSheikh. E-Mail: mmnndd9074@gmail.com).

Received: 21/03/2020                               Accepted: 12/05/2020

Abstract

Under the natural conditions of soil and climate in Der Azzur governorate, the experiment was carried out in pot size (1000) cm3 during the agricultural season (2018). The soil was clay, and some physical, chemical and fertility analyzes were conducted in order to study the effect of soil treatment with different concentrations of sulfur acid solutions, on some vegetative growth traits of tomato plants Lycopersicon esculentum (supermarimond) variety. The sulfur acid solutions concentrations were 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2)%. The soil at each concentration treated with a solution concentration of (100) ml. The major nutrients were added at 15 ppm of (N, P, K), as urea (46% N), superphosphate (46% P2O5) and potassium sulfate (50% K2O), while the control treatment (0) was treated with (100) ml of distilled water only, and the major nutrients were added as in the other treatments. The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. With the addition of 1.6% of sulfuric acid, the tomato gave the highest values of germination percentage, number and length of leaves, leaf area surface and fresh and dry weight /plant.

Keywords: Sulfuric acid, Tomatoes, Vegetative growth traits.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Study the Effect of Some Microorganisms in Biocontrol of‏ ‏Fusarium Tomatoes Wilting (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ‎lycopersici) under Lab Conditions‎

Bachar Aldakil*(1)

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Bachar Aldakil. E-Mail: bashardakhel6@gmail.com).

Received: 15/12/2019                               Accepted: 6/01/2020

Abstract

Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops and it is infected with many pathogens, and the most important one is F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Biocontrol is one of the most important components of IPM. This research studied the effect of different bacterial isolates of Bacillus, Pseudomonas and different isolates of fungus Trichoderma harzianum to identify the most effective isolates in reducing the radial growth of vascular tomato wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. The experiment was carried out at Faculty of Agriculture Labs, Aleppo University, in 2012, according to complete randomized design CRD with 5 replicates for each isolate in addition to the control treatment. Measurements of the average diameter of the Fusarium colony was taken in each replication of the control area. The results showed significant differences between treatments when comparing the average colony diameter of different treatments with the control. The highest value was (8 cm) when using isolation PS3 while the lowest value when using isolation was (PS2 = 1.29 cm). T2, bas1 PS 3 and the control while there were no significant differences between PS, bas1, PS3, T2, T1, and bas1 and control treatment, which make it a promising method in controlling this pathogen.
Keywords: F.oxysporu f.sp.lycopersici, Biocontrol, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma harzianum.
Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Isolate and Identify of Storage Fungi in Two Varieties of ‎Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Detection their Ability for ‎the Toxins Secretion ‎

Magida Younis El-Kadi(1) and Zahra Ibrahim El-Gali*(1)

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Omer Al-Mukhtar University, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Zahra Ibrahim El-Gali. E-Mail: Zahra.Ibrahim@omu.edu.ly).

Received: 31/03/2020                               Accepted: 21/05/2020

Abstract

In the present study, seeds of tow groundnut varieties viz. Landraces (local vs.) and Virginia were collected from different market places of El-Beida city, Libya, and seed mycoflora was isolated by standard blotter paper method and agar plate method, then identified and addition to be checked for toxin production on PSA, CMA and YSA solid media. The identified fungal isolates included Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, Cldosporium cladospoirides, Fusarium sp. and Penicillium italicum. Data revealed that both varieties were affected by the fungal species however, 30 % of A. niger on agar plate method and 25 % on standard blotter paper, while A. terreus had the least percent incidence of up to 2% on agar plate method. Large seeds were more prone to fungal contamination than small seeds and higher numbers of fungi were isolated on agar plate method used as compared to standard blotter paper method. Results of the ability of fungal isolates for secretion toxins after exposure to liquid ammonia were recorded that color changed in pigment with different intensities, and PSA medium was suitable for toxin secretion by A. flavus, A. niger and P. italicum.

Keywords: Storage fungi, Incubation tests, Toxins secretion, Peanut, Libya.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Carbendazim and Thiophanate Methyl Fungicides ‎on the Conidia Spores Germination and Mycelial Growth of ‎Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici Causing Tomato Wilt in ‎the Coastal Region of Syria

Mais Alkbaily*(1) Mohamed Tawil(1) and Sabah Al-Maghribi(1)

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Mais alkbaily. E-Mail: mais.alkbaily@hotmail.com).

Received: 26/12/2018                               Accepted: 25/03/2019

Abstract

The objective of this research was to study the effect of Defazeem (carbendazim 50%) and Agrisin (thiophanate methyl 70%) on the mycelial growth and conidia spores germination for five isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici at Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, during 2017 and 2018. The two fungicides were used in different concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 1000 parts per million (ppm) (active ingredient) on nutrient culture media (PDA). The results showed that carbendazim inhibited the fungus growth by 59.94% to 76.4% at 1 ppm and by 100% at 10 ppm for all isolates. Thiophanate methyl inhibited the growth by 71.73 to 81.47% at 100 ppm, and by 100% at 1000 ppm. The effect of carbendazim in conidia spores germination was medium and ranged from 37.98 to 66.75% at 100 ppm and by 100% at 1000 ppm. While the effect of thiophanate methyl was low at all studied concentrations.

Key words: Carbendazim, Thiophanate methyl, Fusarium oxysporum, Tomato.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF