Category Archives: v6n4December 2019

Plant Extracts Use Importance in Controling Tetranychus urticae Koch on Eggplant Solanum melongena L. Under Protected Farming Conditions

Ibrahim Aziz Sakr(1) and Usama Sagee Sheban*(1)

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Usama Sagee Sheban. E. Mail: samasheban@yahoo.com).

Received: 01/05/2018                                Accepted: 10/07/2018

Abstract

Within the efforts to control the harmful mites using environmentally safe methods, a study was carried out at a greenhouse planted with eggplant in Al-Bassa area , in Latakia governorate during the agricultural season 2016/2017 to evaluate the effectiveness of a number of plant extracts on Tetranychus urticae Koch 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) worldwide and very harmful to many hosts in greenhouse and field. The study included the seeds and leaves of Chinaberry, seeds and leaves of Cypress Lemon, seeds and fruits of River Red Gum, flowers and leaves of Oleander, and corms and leaves of Wild Arum. The Vaseline rings method was adopted and criteria: the average of mortality for the treated stage and fertility were calculated. The results showed that the highest efficacy was found when using the extract of the seeds of Chinaberry on adult females and on the first nymphs (65.4 and 69.3%, respectively). The lowest fertility was recorded with the extract of Oleander leaves (8.17%), which had the most effect on egg hatching (87.4%). It is worth to mention that the extracts of seeds, fruits and corams gave higher efficiency than the leaves extracts, and leaves extracts were higher than the efficiency of floral extracts against T. urticae phases.

Key words: Two-spotted red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, Eggplant, Vaseline rings, Plant extracts.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Controlling the Population of Tetranychus urticae Koch on Tomato under the Greenhouse Conditions Using some Chemical and Biological Treatments

Ibrahem Azez Sakr(1) Majeda Mhamed Mofleh(2) and Randa Ahmed Suliman*(1)

(1). Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Rsearch GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Randa Ahmed Suliman. E-Mail: randasuliman65@gmail.com).

Received: 05/09/2019                                Accepted: 27/10/2019

Abstract

Research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of integration between using the pesticides Acetamiprid, Abamectin and Pyridaben and the aqueous extracts of both   Melia azedarach L. and Sytrax officinalis L. then releasing the predator Stethorus glivifrons Mulsant with to manage the population of Tetranychus urticae Koch on Tomato Lycoersicon esculantmin at the greenhouse in 2018. The Experiment was conducted using the complete randomized block design, where the results of the research showed that the extracts of both M. azedarach L. and S.officinalis L. had efficacy recorded 62.29 and 50.93 % respectively in the first week. The efficacy decreased in the first and the second week after releasing the predator, then it raised again in the third and the fourth weeks to record 62.54, 54.72 % for each of them. Thus, it could be stated that the extracts efficacy coincided with the release of the predator S. glivifrons. A decrease in the influence of the specialized insecticide Acetamiprid was recorded, while it reached its top after the release of the predator in the fourth week 33.77 % due to the negative influence of the pesticide on the predator and the population was incapable to be adequate to control the harmful population of T. Urticae. The specialized acaricide Pyridaben was superior and recorded an efficacy exceeded 84% in the first week  before the application  and decreased in the first, the second and  the third weeks after the release of the predator without a significant difference between them, then increased in the fourth week after the releasing where it reached 73.72 % with a significant difference in all the times of the readings. Mortality percentage when acaricide Abamectin was used, recorded 61.14 % after 24 hours of the treatment, then highly increased to 70.72 % in the first week after the release of the predator. The efficacy decreased in the first and the second weeks after the release which recorded 70.72 and 65.21 % respectively with a significant difference between them. Then it increased again in the third and the fourth weeks after the release to reach 79.62 and 80.70% without significant differences between them. Thus, the predator was capable to re-raise the mortality percentage after falling in the first and the second weeks after the release to get it back to where it was when the predator efficacy reached the highest influence in the first week.

Key words: Plant extracts, Chemical pesticides, Tetranychus urticae, Stethorus glivifrons, Lycoersicon esculantmin, Syria.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Evaluation the Efficiency of the Predator Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Controlling Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Cucumber and Tomato Plants

Rafik Abboud*(1) Majedah Mofleh(2) and Ahmad Mohammad(3)

(1). Latakia Agriculture Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rafik Abboud. E-Mail: abboud.rafeek@hotmail.com).

Received: 17/07/2019                                Accepted: 08/12/2019

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the predator Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in controlling Bemisia tabaci Genn. on tomato and cucumber plants in cages. The experiment included four treatments and 12 replications. The first and third treatments were conducted on cucumber plants and second and fourth treatments were experienced on tomato plants. Adults of B. tabaci were introduced in cages on plants that have six true leaves. Two weeks later, adults of S. parcesetosum were introduced in the first and second treatments at a rate of two adult predators/plant. The release was done three times at weekly intervals. The third and fourth treatments remained predator-free. Leaves were examined weekly, the population of immature stages were recorded (eggs, L1, L2, L3, L4\ 1 cm2 leaf) which were taken randomly from the top, middle and bottom of the plants. The predator was not recorded on tomato. The number of whitefly stages increased in treated cages until the sixth week, and then began to decrease from about 20 eggs and 39 nymphs/1 cm2 of leaf surface to 11 eggs and 3 nymphs after ten weeks. Population density of the whitefly in the control increased to 219 eggs and 145 nymphs/1 cm2 of leaf surface during the same period. Mortality rates of old nymphs were 93.3 and 4.1% after nine weeks for the predator treatment and control, respectively. Results indicated that, S. parcesetosum could be recommended for the control of B. tabaci on cucumber in protected cultivation in Syria.

Keywords: Biological control, Bemisia tabaci, Cucumber, Tomato, Protected cultivation, Syria.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Testing the Efficiency of Mixing Natural Plant Extracts with Some Synthetic   Organic Pesticides on the Female Adults of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) Under Lab Conditions

Ibraheem Saqr(1) and Suhair Ghalia*(1)

(1). Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Suhair Ghalia. Email: suhairm.1973@gmail.com).

Received: 30/05/2018                                Accepted: 3/10/2018

Abstract

Biological experiments were done under the conditions of Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, to show the possibility of increasing the efficacy of the natural plant extracts on the T.urticae by mixing them with a half dose of synthesis pesticide which recommended, to decrease of the amount of pesticides which are used and spread in the environment, and to decrease the economic cost and the environmental pollution. A mixed mother extracts were used of leaves of six plant species viz. Melia azedarach, Smilax aspera, Styrax officinalis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Ecbalium elaterium and Lantana camara, with half dose which were recommended of six synthesis pesticides viz. Neoron, Ortus, Nissorun Vertimec, Talastar and Magister. Demodulations of extracts were done by dipping the phaseuloues leaves disk in the mixed solutions to treat the individuals. The mixed Neoron, Talastar, Vertimec and Magister had achieved a good effect to the efficiency of the extracts and the maximum value reached 100% or close to max in many cases particularly with Smilax aspera, Styrax officinalis and Melia azedarach extracts. The differences between mortality ratio had become high between most of the mixed solutions and the mother solution extracts, and also between most of the tested compounds and mixed extracts with Ortus compound which had low impact with the plant extracts.

Key words:  Plant extracts, Pesticides, T. urticae,  Leaf disk.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Study of Distribution of Penicillium spp. Mold on Citrus Fruits Varieties after Postharvest and Cold Storage and Evaluation their Damages in Latakia Governorate

Abd Alrahman Khafta*(1)

(1). Plant Protection Department, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abd Alrahman Khafta. E-Mail: dr.khafateh54@yahoo.com).

Received: 25/11/2018                                Accepted: 02/12/2018

Abstract

Citrus cultivation is increasing globally, the production exceeded 123 million tons in 2013, in Syria the production reached 1.5 million tons in 2015 in Latakia and Tartous governorates. Although citrus fruits have a long marketing and storage life but it suffers significant physiological losses after harvest in case it is not stored and treated well. The experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 during postharvest and cold storage period of citrus fruit varieties to study the spread of molds of the genus Penicillium spp. on citrus fruits varieties after postharvest and cold storage and evaluation their damages in latakia governorate.  The results showed that green and blue molds caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum were the most damaging after post-harvest. Satsuma variety then clementine, navel orange, eureka and grip fruit were the most influenced of these diseases, where the rate of incidence was 9.3% and severity 3.1 for green mold in Satsuma variety, while the intensity reached 5.1% and severity was 1.9 for green mold on Satsuma variety in the sorting center after 30 days of stora, then the other citrus were followed with less percentages. The other fungus associated and less spread on citrus fruits were: Guingnardis citricarpa-colletotrichum Gloeosporioidespenz- Botrytis cinerea – Cercospora angolense-Phytophthora citrophtoraof

Key words: Citrus, Mold citrus fruit, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Influence of Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula Extract in Inhabitation of Chocolate Spot Disease (Botrytis fabae Sard) in the Fields of Beans in Syria

Munzer Tamouz*(1) Mahmoud Hasan(1) and Gamal Al-Ahmad(1)

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Munzer Tamouz. E-Mail: tmmouz.m@gmail.com).

Received: 24/07/2018                                Accepted: 19/11/2018

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the bacterial species Pseudomonas fluorescens by determining the efficacy of the water colony extract spraying in inhibiting Chocolate Spot Disease caused by Botrytis fabae on faba bean plant Vicia faba under normal infection conditions. Randomized Complete Block Design was used with three replications. The experiment included two factors the first was the sparing with colony extract, and the control which was sprayed with potato dextrose agar. The spraying was applied once before flowering, at the field of faba bean which was infected naturally in the governorate of Latakia, Syria, in spring of 2018. Results after 30 days of spraying showed good and significant efficacy of the P. fluorescens colony’s  extract in inhibiting the studied disease, where the disease severity of treatment sprayed with bacterial extract 43.8% compared to 85.4% in the control, so the efficacy of the bacteria studied extract to inhibit the disease after a month of treatment reached 48.8%, and this is a good efficiency led to the completion of research to confirm the ability of using extract of Pseudomonas fluorescens colonies to suppress the chocolate spot disease.

Key words: Syria, Faba bean, Chocolate Spot Disease, Botrytis fabae, Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Different Levels of Aqueous Extract of Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel on The Biochemical Blood Traits of Broiler Chicks 308

Samawal S.A. AL-Tikriti*(1) and Mustafa. N. AL-Zubaidy(1)

(1). Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tikrit University. Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Samawal Al-Tikriti. E-Mail: samawal_1976@yahoo.com).

Received: 19/10/2019                                Accepted: 07/12/2019

Abstract

A total of 120 unsexed one day broiler chicks from Ross hybrid 308 were used with an average body weight of 45 grams. This study was carried out at one of the farmers’ field in Kirkuk Governorate during the studied period started from 4/4/2015 to 9/5/2015. The chicks were divided into four treatment of 30 chicks for each treatment and distributed in (3) replicates (10 birds/replicate). Nutritional treatments were as follows: (T1) was the first treatment (as control); birds were fed on a standard diet + plain water, (T2) was rhe second treatment; birds were fed on a standard diets + water added with 2.5% of the aqueous extract of orange peel, (T3) was the third treatment; where the birds were fed a standard diet + 5% water added to the orange peel extract, (T4) was the fourth treatment; birds were fed on a standard diets + 10% water added to the orange peel water extract.  The results showed that there was a significant increase (p≤0.05) in the treated birds with (T2), (T3) and (T4) compared to the control treatment in cholesterol, glucose, lipoproteins, low density fats, triglycerides and uric acid concentrations. However, the values ​​of total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly higher in favor of supplementation treatments compared to control group.

Keywords: Broilers, Orange peel, Biochemical blood.

Full Paper in English: PDF

Comparison Among Three Quail (Coturnix coturnix spp) Lines in Their Productive Performance

Shekhmou Hussen*(1) and Jameela Saleh(1)

(1). Department of Animal Production, Duhok University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Shekhmous Hussen; E-mail: sheikhmous68@gmail.com).

Received: 12/09/2019                                Accepted: 17/10/2019

Abstract

A total of 600 quail chicks from 3 lines (White-W, Light Brown-Lb and Dark brown-Db) were brought from Department of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Sallah-Aldein University, Erbil, KR-Iraq. This work was conducted at the Poultry Farm of Animal Production Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq. The aim of experiment was to investigate the productive performance of three quail lines under Duhok region environment during 2016. The birds were reared in cages and the feed was supplied manually and submitted ad libitum. The following characters were studied during growth and egg production stages: Live body weight (BW), body weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), sexual maturity, egg weight (EW), egg number (EN), egg mass (EM), mortality rate, fertility and hatchability. The main results from the present study could be summarized as follow: BW trait was highly significant differed (p<0.01) among the studied lines at 1, 2 and 3 weeks old; and was differed significantly (p<0.05) at 4 weeks old, where brown lines surpassed white ones. Other traits (WG, FI, FCR, EW, EN, EM, fertility and hatchability) didn’t differ significantly (p>0.05) among the studied lines at all studied ages. The lowest mortality rate was recorded to Lb line (0 %). As conclusion, the Lb line had the best productive performance.

Key words: Quail, Meat production, Egg production.

Full Paper in English: PDF

Evaluation of Bio-fortified Wheat Genotypes for Grain Yield, Zinc and Iron Content

Rajendra Prasad Yadav*(1) Madhav Prasad Pandey(2) Bishnu Raj Ojha(2) Dhruba Bahadur Thapa(3) Jiban Shrestha(3) and Krishna Hari Ghimire(4)  

(1). National Wheat Research Program, Bharahawa, Lumbini, Rupandehi, Nepal.

(2). Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

(3). Agriculture Botany Division, NARC, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal

(4). National Agriculture Genetic Resources Centre, NARC, Khumaltar, Nepal

(*Corresponding author: Rajendra Prasad Yadav. E-Mail: rajendrapyadav15@gmail.com).

Received: 02/05/2018                                Accepted: 01/10/2018

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal during November to April, 2015/2016 with the objective of identifying high yielding, zinc and iron rich bio-fortified spring wheat genotypes.  A total of 27 wheat genotypes selected from 5th Harvest Plus Yield Trial (HPYT), were evaluated along with three check genotypes (Tilottama, BAJ#1 and KACHU#1) using Alpha Lattice design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed significant (P≤0.05) differences among the genotypes for days to maturity, plant height, spike length, number of grains/spike, 1000-kernels weight, grain yield and grain zinc and iron content. The wheat genotype namely Neloki/3/ IWA8600211//2*PBW343*2/Kukuna produced the highest grain yield (3.953 kg/ha) followed by Francolin#1/3/ Croc_1/Ae. squarrosa (210)//2*PBW343*2/Kukuna (3.870 kg/ha) and C80.1/3*Batavia//2*WBLL1/3/Attila/3*BCN*2//Bav92/4/WBLL1*2/Kuruku/5/IWA8600211//2*PBW343*2/Kukuna (3.839 kg/ha). The grain Fe content ranged from 35.33 to 49.03 ppm whereas grain Zn ranged from 22.76 to 34.03 ppm among the evaluated genotypes. The highest grain Zn content was found in Croc_1/Ae.squarrosa(210)//Inqalab91*2/Kukuna/3/PBW343*2/Kukuna (34.03 ppm), whereas the highest grain Fe content was  recorded in  TRCH/Srtu//Kachu/5/Toba97/Pastor/3/T.dicocconPI94624/Ae.squarrosa(409)//BCN/4/BL1496/Milan//PI610750 (49.03 ppm). Based on the high grain yield and the grain Zn and Fe content, the wheat genotype namely Neloki/3/ IWA8600211//2*PBW343*2/Kukuna was identified a promising genotype and can be further evaluated and promoted as a candidate variety. A positive correlation (r=0.237) was observed between grain Fe and Zn content. The studied wheat genotypes could be valuable resources for the development of Zn and Fe enriched wheat varieties to address the malnutrition problem in Nepal.

 Keywords: Bio-fortified wheat, Grain yield, Iron content, Zinc content.

Full Paper in English: PDF

A comparison Between Artificial Medium and Potato Tubers for Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) Rearing Based on Life Table Parameters

Gassan Youssef*(1)

(1). General Organization of Seed production, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Gassan Youssef. E-Mail:ghassanyoussef@hotmail.com).

Received: 21/03/2019                                Accepted: 07/09/2019

Abstract

Life table studies for potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) were carried out to compare an artificial medium to potato tubers, Solanum tuberosum L. for rearing Ph. operculella larvae. The calculated biological parameters were: Net reproductive rate of increase (R0), Generation time (Gt), Intrinsic rate of increase (rm), Finite rate of increase (λ) and Population doubling time (Dt). The obtained results indicated that potato tubers proved to be more favorable for achieving the highest developmental and multiplication rates of Ph. operculella, than artificial diet. The natural mortality figures; Apparent Mortality (AM), Real Mortality (RM) and Indispensable Mortality (IM) for larvae reared on potato tubers were 46.77, 29 and 20.21%, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest mortality rates were 51.72, 30 and 19.29% when larvae were fed on artificial diet.  It is quite worth to mention out here that potato tubers are more attractive feeding source than artificial diet for rearing Ph. operculella for research purposes.

Keywords: Potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella, Life table, Artificial diet.

Full Paper in English: PDF