The Effect of Water Stress on the Most Important Economic Traits of Two Genotypes Oilseed Sunflower

Divana Youssef^*1

¹Department of Crops, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Lattakia, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Divana Youssef. E-Mail: Divanayousseef@gmail.com ).

Received: 28/ 06/ 2025 Accepted: 7/ 09/ 2025

Abstract:

The research was conducted in the Damsarkho area of Latakia Governorate, during the 2024 season. The research included two genetically derived sunflower seeds (Model 90 – Municipal variety) obtained from the Crops Department of the General Authority for Agricultural Scientific Research. They are two genetically distinct oil types, with fluctuating productivity. With the aim of searching for genetic models that are most suitable for local environmental conditions, and determining the effect of lack of irrigation water on growth characteristics, seed yield and their components. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the design of complete random sectors with three iterations, and the experiment included four levels of moisture stress: witness treatment, depletion of 25)%) of ready-made water, and other third treatments that represent 50% – 75% – 100% of field capacity during two stages from planting until the formation of the flower bud and from the formation of the flower bud until maturity. The results showed that the greater the water stress, the more the first of the two models entered the flowering and maturity stages compared to the witness. With the Model 90 outperforming the Badi variety under water stress in morphological characteristics (plant height) and all productive characteristics (disc diameter 15.63 cm, number of seeds per disc 1040.1 seeds, weight of 100 seeds 5.16 g, productivity 2.92 tons/e). The lack of morale when irrigating is 100-75% of the field capacity for most morphological and productive characteristics, and thus a large amount of irrigation water necessary to complete the sunflower life cycle can be provided without moral reduction in the value of characteristics, especially productivity. The value of proline also increased when water stress occurred compared to the witness, and the highest was in the municipal variety, 38.65 micromol/g.

Keywords: sunflower, water stress, prolin.

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Effect of supplementary irrigation and manure fertilization on Leafe components of Olive tree- verities “Alkhdery cv.”

Kholod Abbas^1* , Georges Makhoul¹, Faisal Dway¹ and Mohammad Naddaf²

1 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Lattakia University, Lattakia, Syria.
2Department of Food Science – Faculty of Agriculture – Lattaakia University Lattakia – Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Kholod Abbas. E-Mail: kholod.abbas7@gmail.com ).

Received: 28/ 06/ 2025 Accepted: 3/ 09/ 2025

Abstract

The experiment was carried out during three seasons (2020,2021,2022) on Al- khdery olive trees,30 years old in Rwayst al-hersh village in Lattakia. In order to study the effect of supplementary irrigation and manur fertilization on clorophyll mg/y ,dry matter%, carbohydrate %,protein% ,fat% and fibers% contents in olive leaves cv”Alkhdery” .Two levels of organic fertilizer 5 and 7 kg\ tree, were added in November, and irrigation was used at mid June, July and August at a fixed irrigation water rate at 800 liters\ tree\irrigation. A completely randomized design was adopted. The experiment included 12 treatments and four replications per treatment. The data were analyzed using Genestat 12 program by calculating the least significant difference level of 5%. The results showed that the T12 treatment (7 kg\tree organic fertilizer+ 3 batches irrigations) and T11(7 kg\tree organic fertilizer+ 2 batches irrigations) and T10(7 kg\tree organic fertilizer+ 1 batches irrigations) and T8(5 kg\tree organic fertilizer+ 3 batches irrigations ) were superior in tern of clorophyll content (2.0 , 1.95 , 1.91 ,1.88,1.83)mg/g wet weigh .T9 was superior in dry matter55.72%. T12 and T11 were superior at carbohydrate (37.70 , 37.35)% and fat (30.77, 29.81)% respectively without significant differences between the. T12 was superior in average of protein 11.31%. while T8 and T9 were superior in fiber rate (28.12 ,28.3)

Keywords: Olive, Organic Fertilizer , Supplementary Irrigation, Leaves Content , Protein , Chlorophyll, Fibers.

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Analysis The Cognitive Level of Cattle Breeders Towards Lumpy Skin Disease and Mastitis

Khetam Edrees 1*, Hassan AL-shubatt 2, Nisreen Edrees2 , Salwa Saadia2 and Wael Habib1

1Economic and Social Studies Department, General Commission for Scientific and Agricultural Research.
2Agriculture Research Center Homs, General Commission for Scientific and Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Khetam edrees. E-Mail: Khetamedrees83@yahoo.com ).

Received: 4/ 05/ 2025 Accepted: 28/ 06/ 2025

Abstract:

The research aimed to analysis the cognitive level of cow breeders for the most important health knowledge Towards lumpy skin disease and mastitis, and studying the impact of social and economic factors on theirs. primary data was collected through personal interviews with breeders in (2022) by using a questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study after it was tested., where the descriptive method was relied upon to analyze the data and the Kendall Tau and gamma correlation coefficient was used to study the correlation and ordinal regression relationships to determine the most important variables affecting the level of knowledge of breeders after prepared a cognitive level scale for both diseases consisting of (48) statement, as the results showed: The level of knowledge of (44.8)% of breeders of the recommendations and information regarding to lumpy skin disease was limited, while about (50.8)% of their was moderate level , and the remaining percentage (4.4%) had a good level. The results of the ordinal regression also confirmed that there was significant relationship between each From (age, educational level, income, size of animal holdings, exposure to information sources) on the dependent factor, As for the level of knowledge of breeders about recommendations and information related to mastitis: it was found that about (50.2)% of their knowledge level was moderate , while (47.3)% of them had limited knowledge, it is close to moderate level, and the remaining percentage was only (2.5)%, had good knowledge. The results also confirmed that there was significant relationship between each of (age, educational level, experience, size of animal holdings, extent of participation in membership of organizations and local communities) on the dependent factor, The final results reveal that cognitive level for both diseases was low. The research recommends in provision of education extension services aimed to improve breeder’s knowledge by preparing a scientific and practical plan that accurately addresses the detailed results of this study according to the cognitive levels of breeders in the study area.

Keywords: lumpy skin, mastitis, cognitive level, ordinal regression, cattle breeders.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Evaluation of the Effect of Ozone treatment on the Microbial and Sensory Properties of Drinking Water

Hanan Kurabi *¹

¹Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr Hanan Kurabi. E-Mail: hanansrn76@gmail.com ).

Received: 22/ 03/ 2025 Accepted: 21/ 07/ 2025

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ozone on the microbial and sensory properties of drinking water supplied by several residential units at the University of Aleppo. The study was conducted from June to September 2024 in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo. The results showed that 33.33% of the studied water samples complied with the Syrian standard specifications due to their low initial microbial load and the absence of fecal coliform bacteria, E. coli, yeasts, and fungi. However, 66.66% of the samples were unfit for drinking due to their high initial microbial load and fecal contamination resulting from leakage from sewage pipes into drinking water networks or contamination during transportation and packaging operations. The effect of treating the samples with ozone at a concentration of 0.3 g/L for 15 minutes was positive. The ozone treatment reduced the total coliform count in samples (S2, S3, S6, S7, S8, S9) by 4, 16, 4, 14, 33.3, 33%) respectively. As for the fecal bacteria, their count decreased in the previous samples by (100, 5.5, 100, 5, 100, 100)% respectively. Yeasts and fungi were completely eliminated by 100%, which transformed the water samples that did not meet the specifications into samples that met the specifications and were suitable for drinking. Some pathogenic microorganisms transmitted through drinking water were isolated and characterized. A total of 42 intestinal bacterial isolates were isolated, with Escherichia coli accounting for 26%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounting for 14%, and Klebsiella accounting for 7%. Treatment with ozone at a concentration of 0.3 g/L for 15 minutes had no effect on the sensory characteristics of the water samples studied.

Keywords: Drinking water, ozone, pathogenic bacteria, microbial quality.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

The Effect of Adding Different Levels of Fertilizer Recommendations on some Morphological and Productive Traits of Cotton (Var: Aleppo 118) in Aleppo Governorate

Hanan El-Haj Omar1*, Aziza Ajouri1, Abdulghany Al-khalidi2, Ahmad Jumaa2, and Bader El-Dien Jalab3

1Dept. of Soil Science and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
2Cotton Research Administration, General Community for Scientific Agriculture Research, Aleppo, Syria.
3Resources Research Administration, General Community for Scientific Agriculture Research, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Hanan El-Haj Omar, E-Mail :hanan.gcsar77@gmail.com).

Received: 13/ 07/ 2025 Accepted: 7/ 09/ 2025

Abstract:

Many industrial crops are grown in Syria, and cotton is the most important of these crops, as it is grown for its fibers and oil is extracted from its seeds, in addition to its importance as fodder and the use of its remains as firewood for heating. Because it is an irrigated crop and its growth period is relatively long, it is necessary to determine the fertilizer requirements of (NPK). Therefore, a field experiment was carried out at the Tal Hadya Research Station in Aleppo during the 2022 and 2023 seasons with the aim of studying the effect of adding different levels of fertilizer recommendations on some morphological and production indicators of the cotton variety /Aleppo 118/ irrigated by drip irrigation. The experiment included 6 treatments depending on the fertilizer recommendation (75, 100% of the fertilizer recommendation for cotton from NPK elements, and 50, 75, 125% of the fertilizer recommendation for nitrogen with 100% for P and K elements, in addition to the control without fertilization). The results showed a decrease in the number of vegetative branches because of the nitrogen percentage being lower than 100% of the fertilizer recommendation. Reducing nitrogen to 50% also negatively affected the average number of fruiting branches, plant height, and the weight of nuts. While increasing the nitrogen percentage above the fertilizer recommendation was not effective in increasing the number of fruiting branches, plant height, and the weight of nuts. While the yield decreased when reducing the nitrogen or all elements to 75% of the fertilizer recommendation, a significant decrease was observed when reducing the nitrogen amount only to half, indicating that the current fertilizer recommendation is appropriate.

Keywords: Cotton, Productive traits, NPK, Fertilizer recommendation, Drip irrigation, Aleppo 118.

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Seasonal abundance of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on Eggplant in Homs governorate

Bayan Almustafa^*1, Dummar Nammour¹_,and Bassam Odeh ²

1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Homs University, Homs. Syria.
2Homs Research Center, GCSAR, Syria.

(*Correspnding author: Bayan Almustafa, E-Mail :byanalmstfy@gmail.com, Tel: 963936290055).

Received: 10/ 07/ 2025 Accepted: 3/ 09/ 2025

Abstract:

The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) is considered one of the most dangerous agricultural pests affecting a wide range of economically important crops, including eggplant in central Syria. It causes significant damage by feeding on plant sap and transmitting viruses. Known for its rapid reproduction, especially in warm and protected environments, its development and population dynamics are strongly influenced by environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate the seasonal abundance of B. tabaci, estimate the number of its generations, and assess the impact of climatic variables on its different life stages (eggs, nymphs, and adults) under field conditions.The research was conducted at the Al-Mukhtaria Research Station (Homs) during the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons. Results indicated the presence of four generations in 2023 and five in 2024. The increased temperatures and relative humidity in 2024 contributed to higher insect activity and reproduction, particularly in the adult stage, which showed a significant positive correlation with minimum temperatures. The three developmental stages were variably affected by climatic factors such as relative humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed, highlighting the importance of these variables in determining optimal pest control timing. The findings suggest that integrating climatic data into early warning systems and integrated pest management (IPM) programs could enhance the effectiveness of whitefly control strategies.

Keywords:Eggplant, Bemisia tabaci, seasonal abundance, climatic factors, number of generations.

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A Study of plant biodiversity on the banks of some waterways in Latakia Governorate

Belal Alsayed 1*

1Latakia City Council, Latakia, Syria.

Received: 4/ 04/ 2025 Accepted: 7/ 09/ 2025

Abstract:

The study was conducted in three locations with watercourses in Latakia Governorate, which are in Western Siqa, in the crystallization of the Zuiba River in Dawir, Baabda-Jableh, and Wadi Beit Ana in Jableh, in the year 2023, with the aim of studying plant diversity on some water banks in the coastal region. The results of the research showed that the site of Wadi Beit Anah (Jableh) was the richest in plant species, as the number of species in it reached 31 species, while the number of plant species in the site of Western Siqa (Blouran) reached 22 species, while the Dwair site in Baabda – Zuwayba River was the least of the sites. The research results showed that the average specific richness according to the Shannon coefficient in the Wadi Beit Ana site was 2.89 bytes, in the Western Siqa site was 2.52 bytes, and in the Dwair Baabda-Zuwaiba site was 2.39 bytes. The results also showed Research shows that the similarity percentage according to Jaccard’s evidence is 7.35%.

Keywords: plant biodiversity, species richness, banks of waterways, riparian vegetation, Latakia.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Population density of Zabrus tenebrioides G. on wheat and assessment of the efficiency of certain preparation in management it

Bassam Ibrahim Oudeh¹^*

¹General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Agricultural Scientific Homs Research Center.

(*Corresponding author: Bassam Ibrahim Oudeh. E-Mail :oudebassam@gmail.com).

Received: 19/ 05/ 2025 Accepted: 17/ 08/ 2025

Abstract:

The results showed that beginning activity larvae Z. tenebrioides was in end January in season 2023 and start February in season 2024 during stage emerging wheat, and peak it in weeks (first, second) from February average (1.50, 2.75) larva/ plant in seasons 2023, 2024 respectively, and spots infested different in field according to intensity infested, pupae of larvae were in soil in end February in stage Tillering, and the adults showed in beginning March, and peak of adults numeric on wheat ears in weeks (second, third) of May in stage milking ears average (1.0, 1.25) adult/ m2 in seasons 20.23, 2024 respectively, and decreasing in beginning June to (0.25) adult/ m2 in stage maturity, Using some preparation in beginning infested of larvae such: mixture attract (Imidacloprid 70%+sugar+bran+plant oil), (Asetamiprid20%+sugar+bran+ plant oil) bioinsecticide fungi Trichoderma harzianum, Sulfur powder, micron Sulfur, Naphthalene. Average efficacy on larvae after month were (93.5, 90.6, 87.3, 47.7, 43.2, 26.8)% respectively. mixture attract (Imidacloprid 70%+ sugar+ bran+ plant oil) were the highest efficient in control the larvae compared with other treatments, then followed mixture attract (Asetamiprid 20%+ sugar+ bran+ plant oil), while Naphthalene was the least efficient.

Keywords: Zabrus tenebrioides G., Numeral density, control.

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First record of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) on the black citrus aphid Toxoptera aurantii (Fonscolombe, 1841) in Syria

Amena A. Alrostom *1, Ensaf H. Akel 2, and Nabil H. Abo Kaf 1

1 Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Latakia, Latakia, Syria.
2General Commisson for Agricultural Scientific Research, Latakia Research Center, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Amena A. Alrostom , E-Mail: amena.alrostom82@gmail.com).

Received: 10/ 04/ 2025 Accepted: 7/ 09/ 2025

Abstract:

During the research and investigation of parasitoid species associated with the black citrus aphid Toxoptera aurantii on citrus plants (Citrus spp.) at the Bouqa Center for Plant Research and Production, affiliated with the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at Lattakia University, Latakia, Syria, during the spring months (March and April) of the years 2022, 2023, and 2024. Samples of T. aurantii and its mummies were collected from infested plant leaves using transparent bags, then transferred to the economic entomology laboratory. Each sample was isolated in a separate 2 ml tube, examined under a stereomicroscope, and identified based on the taxonomic key of Starý (1976). The parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes was identified. This represents the first record of this species on the black citrus aphid.

Keywords: Lysiphlebus testaceipes, Toxoptera aurantii, Black Citrus Aphid, Latakia.

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Evaluation of the effectiveness of both inoculation with some bacterial biofertilizers (PGPR) and spraying with yeast suspension on some morphophysiological indicators of the tomato plant Solanum lycopersicum L. under the conditions of protected cultivation

Amjad W Alsamra1*, Yaser Hamad2 , and Mitiady Boras1

1 Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture engineering, Lattakia University,
Lattakia, Syria.
2Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture engineering, Lattakia University, Lattakia, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Amjad Wahib Alsamra, E-Mail: amjadalsamra444@gmail.com , Mobile: 0988466799).

Received: 10/ 08/ 2025 Accepted: 29/ 09/ 2025

Abstract:

The research was carried out within an unheated sheltered house in the AL-Hafa area (Latakia governorate) during the spring lug of the agricultural season 2025, the research aimed to study the effect of both yeast suspension and three bacterial biofertilizers on some morphophysiological indicators of the tomato plant “hybrid Mandaloun F1”. The study included five transactions: witness (untreated plants), plants sprayed with yeast suspension, plants inoculated with bacterial bio-fertilizer I (M1), plants inoculated with bacterial bio-fertilizer II (M2) and plants inoculated with bio-fertilizer III (M3). In carrying out the research, follow the design of complete random sectors with three duplicates per transaction and at a rate of /10/ plants per transaction. The results showed the positive effect of both inoculation with bacterial fertilizer and spraying with yeast extract in the studied qualities, and the inoculation treatment with the third bio-fertilizer significantly exceeded the rest of the transactions and achieved the best results, as the highest values were recorded in the number of plant leaves (33.7)leaf/plant, leaf litter area (17394)cm2/plant, leaf litter index (5.10) M2/M2, relative growth rate (1.71)mg/g/day, total chlorophyll amount (46.7) SPAD and representative efficiency of the plant (0.0124)G/cm2/day.

Keywords: tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum.L), bacterial biofertilizers, yeast suspension, Morpho-physiological indicators.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf