Ola Alnaddaf ^(1)*, Faten Alsafadi ⁽²⁾ and Wasim Mohsen ⁽²⁾

(1). 2nd Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria

(2). Sweida Research Center, the General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Syria

(^*Corresponding Author, Ola Alnaddaf. E-mail: ola.naddaf@damascusuniversity.edu.sy, Phone: 0096316269745)

Received: 17/12/2023              Accepted:21/04/2024

Abstract: 

The study was carried out at Sweida research center/ the General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR)/ Syria during 2018-2019 in order to investigate the effect of in vitro drought stress induced by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG6000) on eight pure tomato lines from the 5^th generation at the first seedling growth development. Four different concentration of PEG6000, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% were used in addition to control treatment. Results showed that increasing drought stress treatment has led to a decrease in the studied growth parameters involved mean number of roots and root diameter, seedling length and diameter, number of leaves and shoots, root and plant dry weight and leaf area in all tomato lines. Concerning root length, drought stress resulted in reducing root elongation except for Jerdy line which developed a longer roots under drought stress treatments, hens it is announced as a superior line for drought stress tolerance. Similar trend was recorded for root-to-shoot length ratio which was increased with increasing drought stress in all tomato lines. Using cluster analysis, based on the sum of relative values of drought stress responses, four groups were distinguished: (1) consisting of Jerdy line. (2) consisting of 2 lines; Daraa, and Daher-Aljabal. (3): consisting on line Brieh and (4) consisting of 4 lines; Baskanta, Abosfair, Kafer-Selwan and Wardyat.

Keywords: Tomato, pure line, screening, drought stress, cluster analysis.

 Full paper in English: PDF

Mohammad Nizam^(1)*, Ziad Khouri⁽¹⁾,  Ghaith Nassor⁽¹⁾ and Kenda Almohammad ⁽¹⁾

(1). Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(^*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Nizam. E-Mail:  mohammad.nizam.85115@gmail..com).

Received: 23/01/2024             Accepted: 28/04/2024

Abstract: 

The experiment was conducted during two years (2021-2022) on peach trees (Michelin cv.) in Kassab research station of scientific agricultural research center – Latakia governorate to study the impact of potassium silicate (3 and 5 g/L) and potassium humate (2 and 4 g/L) foliar application on some traits of vegetative growth on peach (Michelin cv.) trees. The experiment showed that the application with potassium humate (4 g/L) potassium humate gave the highest values in terms of length and diameter of shoots, leaf area, and percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents on leaves. All foliar application treatments also improved the percentage of total chlorophyll in leaves compared to control trees.

Key words: Peach, Foliar application, Potassium silicate, Potassium humate

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Majd Darwish *⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Darwish. E-Mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received: 24/11/2024                     Accepted: 1/04/2024

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out at Karto regions in Hama governorate during the agricultural season (2022/2023). The aim of this research was to study the effect of foliar spraying with different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 ml/L) of the organic fertilizer Megasoil on the growth and productivity of the Spanish faba bean (Luz de otono), according to the randomized complete block design, with three replicates for each treatment. The results indicated that foliar spraying with the organic fertilizer Megasoil at the different concentrations used led to a significant increase (P<0.05) in all the studied traits and characteristics as compared to the control. The results showed a significant difference in the response of the growth and productivity characteristics of Spanish faba bean plants to the rates of spraying used, as the treatment at a concentration of 60 ml/L was significantly (P<0.05) superior compared to the other treatments, with the highest yield of green pods and seeds, 48 and 4.5 tons/h respectively, and a total protein content of 28 %. While foliar spraying at the concentration of 80 ml/L, as compared to the previous concentration, did not have any noticeable positive effects on plant growth and its yield of pods and seeds. Therefore, we suggest spraying plants of Spanish faba bean (Luz de otono) with the organic fertilizer Megasoil at a concentration of 60 ml/L in the conditions of the cultivation area or in other areas with similar environmental conditions, due to its positive role in improving growth indicators and increasing yields quantitatively and qualitatively.

Keywords: Faba bean, Organic fertilizer, Productivity, Quality.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Kawthar Abou Assali ^*(1), Roula Bayerli ⁽²⁾  and Bassam Al Atalah⁽¹⁾

(1). Sewida Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Horticulture Department,  Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Damascus University. Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Kawthar Abou Assali. E-Mail: kawtharaboassaly@gmail.com).

Received: 10/01/2024         Accepted: 27/03/2024

Abstract

The research was carried out at Urah Research Station, Sewida Agricultural Scientific Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research in Syria for the 2021 agricultural season, using the split plot design with three replicates. Pre-treated Cucumber seeds with salicylic acid (0, 1, 50, 150 mg/l) were planted, then exposed to different irrigation levels (60, 80, 100% of field capacity). Simple correlation and principal component analyses of the resulting data were studied, in order to determine the relationship between productivity indicators and some morphological and physiological indicators under the irrigation levels presented to determine the most important indicators associated with yield. In addition to determine the best concentration of salicylic acid for each of these indicators and productivity. The correlation analysis results showed a significant positive correlation between productivity indicators and all morphological indicators, besides each of relative water content (0.985) and nitrogen concentration indicators (0.965) under 100% field capacity. In addition to a positive correlation of productivity with both the number and weight of fruits indicators. The significant positive correlation between productivity and other morphological and productivity indicators continued under the two levels of water stress applied. As it was observed that the number of leaves, fruits, and weight of the fruits were completely and positively correlated with productivity under 80% field capacity. While the length of stem, number and weight of fruits correlated with productivity under 60% field capacity. Results also indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between productivity and some physiological indicators (proline, soluble sugars, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, nitrogen and potassium concentrations) under the moderate stress influence (80% of field capacity), and a significant positive correlation between productivity and proline (0.995) under irrigation level 60% of field capacity. Results of principal component analysis showed that the first and second components expressed the largest proportion of the total variance under all field capacities, and most of the studied indicators were positively correlated with productivity (a sharp angle between the productivity axis and most indicators axes), and in the same direction under all irrigation levels. Treatment with 50 mg/L concentration of SA was located in the same direction, within the positive quadrant, Therefore, 50 mg/L treatment was the best concentration  considering  all mentioned indicators.

Keywords: Cucumber, productivity, correlation coefficient, principal component.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Karam Karaali *^{(1) ,} Georgous Makhoul ⁽¹⁾and  Abd-Al Aziz Boissa ⁽²⁾ 

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of  Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department of  Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, .

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Karam karaali. Email: Karam.karaali@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received:19/02/2024            Accepted: 9/05/2024

Abstract: 

The study was conducted during the 2021 and 2022 seasons on apple varieties “Golden and Starking Delicious” in Latakia Governorate in 3 locations with different elevations above sea level (Kasab, Slanfeh, and KhirbetSolas) from 4 slopes, with the aim of studying the effect of slope direction in some physical and chemical characteristics of fruits. The results showed a clear effect of location and slope direction on the physical and chemical characteristics. It was noted that the northern and western slopes of Slenfa,  Kassab and KhirbetSolas outperformed the fruits size and weight, the highest value for the weight and volume reached 124.81 cm³, 117.14 g for Golden, and 199.00 cm³, 192.95 g for Starking, and the northern slope of Kassab was superior in fruit solidity 3.01 kg/cm² followed by northern slope of KhirbetSolas 2.87 kg/cm², then the western slope with 1.91 kg/cm², and the northern slope of Slanfeh was superior with 2.38 kg/cm². For Starking, the northern slope of Kessab recorded the highest value 4.5 kg/cm². The eastern slope of Slinfeh was superior in total acidity 0.85% for Golden, followed by southern and western slopes of Slinfeh 0.84%, 0.75% and the southern slope of KhirbetSolas recorded the highest value 0.68%. the southern slope of Kassab was significantly superior in the percentage of total sugars 11.79%, followed by the eastern slope 10.34% and the eastern slope of Slanfeh 9.88%. The lowest percentage of sugars was 9.15 and 9.16 for the northern and western slopes of Slenfeh. The northern and southern slopes of KhirbetSolas were superior in total acidity content 2.50 and 2.38% for Starking, while the southern slopes of Kassab recorded 1.63%, followed by the western and eastern slopes with 1.41 and 1.40%. The lowest value of acidity was in the northern slope of Slinfa 0.78%, and the western slope was superior to the other slopes 1.13%. The highest percentage of sugars in the fruits of Starking was in the southern and eastern slopes of KhirbetSolas 12.16, 12.11%.

Keywords: Golden Delicious, Starking Delicious, slope direction, Vitamin C, Total acidity, sugars.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ali Izzo*⁽¹⁾, Hassan Khojah⁽²⁾, Abdel Mouhsen Murie ⁽³⁾ and Jalal Abboud⁽¹⁾

(1). Scientific Agricultural Research Center of Tartous, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(3). General commission for scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ali Mohammad Izzo; E-Mail: izzo198899@gmail.com.).

Received:18/01/2024                   Accepted:7/03/2024

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in Al-Jamasah station, Tartous agricultural research center, Syria, during 2019 and 2020 seasons. using Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Generation mean analysis method to estimate the type of gene action using some genetic indices of the six population of two individual hybrids of tomato (T2×T8) and (T8×T16). (Single plant yield, pericarp thickness, firmness, total soluble solids, dry matter, total sugars and titratable acidity), were studied. The results revealed similar values for the phenotypic and genetic variation coefficients in the two hybrids; and high values for the degree of heritability in the broad sense, which reflects the high influence of the genetic component and the low influence of the environment on the phenotypic expression of all the studied traits. On the other hand, it gave moderate values for the degree of heritability in the narrow sense for the traits of Single plant yield and pericarp thickness, which indicates that the additive and non-additive gene actions controlled inheritance of these two traits, and high values for the traits of firmness, total soluble solids %, dry matter %, total sugars %, and titratable acidity. which indicates the importance of additive genetic action in the inheritance of these traits. The analysis of the average generations showed that the additive and dominance gene actions were significant for most of the studied traits, with superiority of the dominance gene action values. Epistasis gene action from the additive × additive and dominance × dominance types contributed in the inheritance of most of the studies traits. The contrast between the two signs of the dominance and the epistasis gene actions from the type (dominance × dominance) in most of the traits indicated that it was from the duplicate type in majority of the studied traits and consequently selection could be conducted in later selection.

Key words: Genetic advance, Gene action, Heritability, Tomato, Potence ratio, Yield.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Sedra Al-Kaddour⁽¹⁾, Ahmad Shams Al-Dien Shaaban^(1)* , and Abd Al-Kareem Barakat⁽²⁾

(1).  Dept of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Syria

(2). Dept of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmad Shams Al-Dien Shaaban E-Mail: shaabany57@gmail.com ).

Received:4/03/2024                               Accepted:21/04/2024

Abstract

Factorial experiments were conducted out aimed to determine the optimal medium for callus induction and was conducted between 1/4/2023 and 20/10/2023 at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and the laboratories of the Faculty of Technical Engineering at Aleppo University. Different plant parts (leaf, internode, Hypocotyl) were planted in MS medium using a constant concentration of BAP. The media was treated with different concentrations of plant growth regulators 2,4-D and NAA (1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 mg/L). The experiment conducted using a completely randomized design with 3 replicates, The results showed that the rate of callus generation at the growth 2,4-D was the highest (100%) using low concentrations (1, 2, 3 mg/L) at the three plant parts, taking consideration account the growth rate of callus, and calluses generation at the growth regulator NAA was higher (100%) using medium concentrations (4 mg/L) at the embryonic peduncle and the highest concentration (12 mg/L) at all plant parts. The best combination was at Hypocotyl and 8 mg/l of NAA, followed by internode and 8 mg/L of 2.4-D, the average weight of callus was (0.583, 0.503 g), respectively. i.e. 8 mg/l is best at both regulators.

Keywords: 2,4-D, NAA, Leaf, Hypocotyle, Internode, Callus.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Lorin Ahmad^*(1)

(1). Tartus Research Center, GCSAR, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Lorin Ahmad. E-Mail: Lorin.ali55@ymail.com).

Received:5/01/2024                               Accepted:1/04/2024

Abstract: 

This research was conducted during the seasons 2022 and 2023 at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Amrit- Tartous on saffron (Crocus sativus L.). The research included studying the effect of three treatments of corms weight (2-4, 4-6, 6-8 g) on vegetative growth, the number of flowers and daughter corms, and on the content of the stigmas of active substances. The  field experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design with four replications.  The results showed a significant superiority of the weight of 6-8 g over the two weights 4-6 g and 2-4 g, that recorded the highest value for the length of leaves (40.51 cm), the number of leaves (18.44 leaf per plant^-1), the leaf area of plant (172.58 cm²) and the highest number and weight of the daughter corms (3.13 corms per plant^-1, 17.79 g per plant^-1 respectively) in the second agricultural season. Corm weight of 6-8 g, was significantly superior over the corm weight of 4-6 g in number of flowers and the dry weight of stigmas) 16.55 flower.m^-2, 0.062 g.m^-2 respectively), and in the best ratios of the active substances crocin, picrocrocin and safranal (E^1% 440 nm =197.54 , E^1% 257 nm= 60.09, E^1% 330 nm = 38.34 respectively).

Keywords: saffron, corm weight, stigma, active substances, productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

 Bassam Al-Oklah * ⁽¹⁾ Jalal Fandi ⁽²⁾  Rudwan Badr Al-Deen ⁽¹⁾  
Nour Haj Masoud ⁽¹⁾ Lamyaa Husamo ⁽¹⁾

(1). National Commission for Biotechnology, Damascus, Syria. 

(2). Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Bassam Al-Oklah, E-Mail: bassam780alk@gmail.com, phone: 0938994115).

Received: 1/05/2023                 Accepted: 9/03/2024

Abstract: 

This paper aimed to prepare efficient extracts from Thuja orientalis plant leaves by using several solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone), and study their total phenolic and flavonoid content, their antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hominis) and gram negative bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, E.coli). Their phenol and flavonoid contents were evaluated by  Folin-Ciocalteu regent method and aluminum chloride method respectively. Their antioxidant activities were determined by estimating  scavenging capacity towards DPPH free radical. And their antibacterial activities were estimated by disc diffusion method. The results showed that the leaf extract prepared from acetone reached the highest content of  phenols (26000 mg/100g) and flavonoids (295mg/100g), and the highest activity of scavenging DPPH free radical (75%). The extracts of Thuja orientalis plant leaves showed high antibacterial activities against gram negative bacteria comparing with gram positive ones, and the highest antibacterial activity was against Klebsiella oxytoca.

Keywords: Thuja orientalis, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, phenols, flavonoids.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Heba Meary ^(1)*, Akram al-Ahmad⁽¹⁾, and Mohammed al-Azm⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of Food Engineering Technologies, Faculty of Technical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Heba  Meary. E-Mai: hibameary@gmail.com, phone: 0930045657l).

Received:9/10/2023                         Accepted:21/04/2024

Abstract

In this research, two varieties of fresh pomegranate fruits (Punica granatum) were used, namely sweet French and sour baladi collected from the local markets in Aleppo city. Additionally, three samples of commercial pomegranate molasses were taken from Aleppo markets. The juice of the two selected varieties was concentrated using two methods, the traditional method (boiling in open vessels), and the vacuum at a temperature of 55 °C and pressure (-500 mm bar). Subsequently, some physicochemical and sensory properties of the studied samples were studied. The vacuum method showed superiority over the traditional (boiling open vessels) in both the Sweet French and Sour local varieties. The sugar content in the vacuum method was higher compared to the traditional method measuring (1.96±63.27 and 1.73±60) % respectively for the French variety, similarly, the phenolic content was higher in the vacuum method compared to the traditional method with values (26.73±1997.7 and 9.17±1518) mg Gallic acid / 100 g respectively for the French variety. On the other hand, the acidity level in the Sour local variety was higher in the vacuum method compared to the traditional, as it reached (0.41±10.07 and 0.14±9.38)%, respectively, and based on the above, it is the evident that pomegranate molasses produced using the vacuum method preserves its physicochemical and sensory properties better than those produced using the traditional method (boiling in open vessels). Therfoe, it is recommended to use the vacuum method for pomegranate juice concentration. When comparing the results of the physicochemical and sensory tests conducted on both laboratory and commercial samples showed superiority in both methods and varieties over the market samples in all conducted tests. It was also found that one of the commercial samples contained synthetic coloring.                                                                            

Keywords: Laboratory pomegranate molasses, vacuum, boiling, commercial pomegranate molasses, market samples.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF