Tag Archives: Wheat

Correlation and Path Coefficients Analysis between Yield Components in some Wheat Genotypes

Nabeel Awad Hassan(1) Maysoun Saleh*(2) and Nader Ibraheem Alkaraki(1) 

(1). Izraa Research Station, Agricultural Research Center in Daraa, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Daraa, Syria.
(2). Genetic Resources Department, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Maysoun Saleh. E-Mail: mzainsamasaleh@gmail.com).

Received: 15/06/ 2015                                     Accepted: 24/07/ 2015

Abstract

The study was conducted at Izraa Research Station, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria, during 2012/2013 season. Eight genotypes (3genotypes belongs to the species Triticum. carthlicum, 2 genotypes belongs to the species Triticum. polonicum , 3genotypes belongs to the species Triticum. dicoccum, and tow local checks sham3 and sham5, which were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD with three replications. Correlations and path coefficient analysis between yield components (number of total and fertile tillers, number and weight of grains per spike, thousand grain weight, individual plant yield) were studied. Results showed that grain yield had a positive significant correlation with both of number of total and fertile tillers (0.849**,0.932**) respectively, but number of total tillers had a positive significant correlation with number of fertile tillers (0.926**), while negative significant correlation was noticed with the number of grains per spike. The correlation was positive and significant between weight of grains per spike and with both of number of grains per spike and thousand grain weight. The results of path coefficient analysis showed that the indirect effect of number of total tillers on grain yield through the fertile tillers was positive and high (0.850), and was very close to the direct effect of the number of fertile tillers on grain yield (0.918), and the direct effect of grain weight per spike on grain yield was positive (0.322), and it’s indirect effect was negative and medium through the number of fertile tillers, and the indirect effect of thousand grain weight on grain yield was positive and medium through the weight of grain per spike (0.213). This study recommends to pay attention to the number of fertile tillers and grain weight per spike as a selection index of grain yield in the breeding programs, because of their high correlations an direct effect on yield.

Key Words: Wheat, Yield components, Correlation coefficient, Path coefficient analysis.

Full paper in Arabic: دراسة الارتباط وتحليل المسار بين مكونات الغلة لدى بعض الطرز من القمح

The Effect of Natural Syrian Zeolite on the Availability of Some Minerals in the Soil and Productivity of Wheat and Cotton in Gypsum Soils

Helal Gayerly(1) Samer Bregle(1) Muhamad Manhal Al Zubi*(1) Yahya Ramadan(2) Khaled Al Shebli(2) Amira Al Hafez(2) and Mayada Fattoum(2)

(1). Natural Resources Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2). Agricultural Research Center in Al Raqqa, GCSAR, Al Raqqa, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:Dr. Muhamad Manhal Al Zubi, Natural Resources Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria. E-Mail: manhalzo@yahoo.com. Mobile phone: 00963933334783, Fax: 00963112121460).

Received: 15/03/ 2015                                     Accepted: 06/05/ 2015

Abstract:

This study aimed to determine the impact of Syrian Zeolite on some soil properties and productivity of wheat and cotton crops, which is planted in the gypsum soil at Beer Alhashem Research Station, Al-Raqa Agricultural Research Center, General commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria, begins from 2006 to 2010 seasons. Completely randomized block design was used with three replicates. The addition rates of zeolite were: (ZEO1)  at a rate of 90 m3/ha, (ZEO2) at a rate of 180 m3/ha, (ZEO3)  at a rate of  270 m3/ha, (ZEO4) at a rate of  360 m3/ha, (ZEO5)  at a rate of 450 m3/ha, and control without zeolite. Wheat variety (Bouhoth 6), and cotton variety (Raqaa5) were cultivated in a cropping rotation. The fertilizers were added according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform (MOAAR) recommendations. Soil, and zeolite were analyzed before cultivation. The results showed significant increment in the productivity of cotton with the increase in adding zeolite in third season (ZEO5treatment, which produced 2.42 ton/ha), also in the fourth season (ZEO3, and ZEO4treatments, which produced 3.23and 3.08 ton/ha, respectively). The results also clarified in wheat experiment, that ZEO1treatment gave the best production as compared with other treatments in all seasons (3.5, 4.57, 5.4, 2.79 ton grains/ha, respectively). The increase in wheat productivity was noticed in all zeolite treatments as compared with control in most seasons, and the addition of zeolite 90 m3/ha in wheat experiment was the best as compared with the other zeolite treatments, but the productivity of ZEO5treatment was less as compared with other zeolite treatments. It was noticed a significant increment in mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium with the addition of zeolite in the soil after harvesting.

Keywords: Zeolite, Soil fertility, Gypsum lands, Wheat, Cotton.

Full paper in Arabic: تأثير خام الزيوليت الطبيعي السوري على إتاحة بعض العناصر المغذية في التربة وعلى إنتاجية محصولي القمح والقطن في الأراضي الجبسية

The Effects of N and P Fertilization Rates on Wheat Yield and some Soil Properties under Conservative Agriculture System in the First Establishment Zone

Rami Kaba*(2) Awhadis Arsaln(1)MohamadKher Saadon(2)Nabeel Mohamad(2)Mohamad Hamo(2) & Sherzad Yosef(2)

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria.
(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Al-Qamishli Agricultural Research Center, Al-Qamishli, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rami Kaba, Al-Qamishli, Syria. E-mail:kaba.rami@gmail.com).

Received: 14/07/ 2014                                    Accepted: 12/2/ 2015

Abstract

This research was conducted at the General commission for Scientific and Agricultural Research (GCSAR), AL Qamishli Scientific Agricultural Research Center, AL Qamishli , Syria. in the first establishment zone, according to the split plot design, where agricultural system (zero tillage, and traditional tillage) represented the main treatments and fertilizations the split treatments, with three replications. Four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N0 , N1 100 kg/ha , N2 150 kg/ha , and N3 200 kg/ha) as Urea 46%, and three levels of phosphoric fertilizers (P0 , P1 100 kg/ha, and P2 150 kg/ha) were used. Results of the three seasons 2008- 2011 showed that zero tillage treatments significantly over yielded traditional ones by 8-20 % , that can be attributed to different fertilization levels of N and P in addition to rain. Results also clarified that increasing of N fertilization at (P0), has given significant increase in production on direct proportion with the increase of nitrogen fertilizing level (N1, N2, N3) and reached in comparison with the control (110, 178, 217 kg/ha) in the traditional tillage, but in zero tillage the productivity at the tow levels (N1, N2) increased by (118-147 kg/ha) respectively. The increase has reduced at the level N3 to(113 kg/ha), but at (P1) fertilizing level of zero tillage the yield increase of (N1) reached (336) kg/ha, which significantly over yielded the (N1,N2) by (313, 247 kg/ha). While under traditional tillage the highest increase reached (313 kg/ha) under N2 and the yield decreased 147 kg/ha under N3.  At (P2) level and (N0) level the increase in yield under zero tillage was(147 kg/ha),to become at N1 level up to (216 kg/ha) and to reach at (N2) to (376 kg/ha). Consequently, zero tillage significantly over yielded the traditional tillage. We recommend using zero tillage with (N2, P2) fertilization levels.

Keywords: Zero tillage ZT, Traditional tillage TT, Nitrogen fertilization N, Phosphor fertilization P, Wheat, Soil properties .

Full paper in Arabic : تأثير معدلات التسميد الآزوتي والفوسفوري في إنتاجية القمح وفي عدد من خصائص التربة تحت نظام الزراعة الحافظة في منطقة الاستقرار الأولى

Disease Distribution and Physiologic Races of Wheat Yellow Rust Caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in North Eastern Syria.

 Alan A. Ramo*(1), Mohammad F. Azmeh(2)&Omran A. Youssef(1)

(1). Scientific Agriculture Research Center of Al Qamishly, Al Qamishly, Syria.
(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Alan REMO: Scientific Agricultural Research Centre of Lattakia, Lattakia, Syria. E-mail: alan-remo@hotmail.com).

Received: 10 / 09 / 2014                       Accepted: 30 / 11 / 2014

Abstract:

Yellow rust or stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is the most important fungal diseases on wheat. The disease spread in all wheat growing areas of Syria. To identify the distribution of the disease and its physiologic races, field survey have been conducted in 143 fields in 2013 and 109 fields in 2014 in different wheat growing areas in north eastern Syria. Diseased leaf samples were collected from farmers’ fields and uredeniospores were isolated from each field samples. Identification of physiologic races was performed by evaluating the reaction type of seedlings of the differential cultivars. Results of yellow rust survey showed that the distribution of disease was limited, with an infected fields’ ratio of 18.34% in 2014, while it was 40.55% in 2013. It was noticed that the infection did not appear on durum wheat during 2013 and 2014, while all infections were recorded on bread wheat. Results of race identification showed that a number of physiologic races were spread in wheat fields. Four races have been isolated and identified (6E16, 0E0, 82E16, 4E2), with race 6E16 being the most spread race during the study period, while the race 0E0 was the least spread.

Keywords: Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici,Survey, Syria, Wheat, Yellow rust.

Full paper in Arabic:

توزع مرض الصدأ الأصفر Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici على القمح وسلالاتها الفيزيولوجية في شمال شرق سورية.

Effect of Chemical Treatments Against Yellow Rust on The Infection and The Production of Wheat

Omran Youssef(1), Helim Youssef(1), Alan Ramo(1), Mahmoud Hasan(1), Sultan Shekhmous(1), Afrem Issa(1), Nawzad Suleman(1)& Abdul-Ruhman Issa(1)

(1). Al-Qamishli Agricultural Research Center, Al-Qamishli, Syria.

(Corresponding author: Dr. Omran Yousef: Al-Qamishli Agricultural Research Center, Al-Qamishli, Syria. E-mail: om_youssef@yahoo.com).

                            Received: 14 / 07 / 2014                         Accepted: 25 / 10 / 2014

Abstract:

Results of efficacy test of nine fungicides from different chemical groups in controlling yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformisf.sp. tritici on bread wheat Cham8 in 2011 in north-eastern Syria showed disease stop with 100% efficacy of Folicure (1 l/ha) after fifth day from spray and lasted for 20 days, Nativo with 94.64% efficacy, Marlo 88.23% and Folicure (0.5 l/ha) 86.51%, then followed by Bayfidan (84.79%) and Ortiva (80.79%), while the efficacy of all other fungicides was less than 70%. The tested fungicides did not show any clear toxicity on wheat except Foliogold which recorded neil toxicity, also Score, Marlo and Bayfidan but with lesser degree. Results did not show significant difference in spike length with different fungicides compared with the control. Results showed increase in number of grains per spike and thousand grains weight (TGW) for all tested fungicide compared with the control. Increase in yield was recorded with all fungicides compared with control except Foliogold and Sodium hydrogen carbonate 5%. The higher increase in yield was recorded with Folicure at two concentrations 1, 0.5 l/ha.

Key words: Chemical control, Fungicides, Syria, Wheat, Yellow Rust.

Full paper in Arabic::تأثير المعاملات الكيميائية ضد الصدأ الأصفر على إصابة القمح وإنتاجه