Tag Archives: Survey

A Survey of Wheat Rust Diseases in Al- Hassakeh Governorate

Alan Remo*(1)

(1). Al Qamishly Agriculture Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Alan Remo. E-mail: alanremo123@hotmail.com).

Received: 12/08/2018                                Accepted: 15/10/2018

Abstract

Field survey have been conducted on 120 fields in 2017 and 110 fields in 2018 in zone1 and zone2 in Al- Hassakeh governorate, to identification the distribution of three wheat rust diseases (stripe, leaf and stem rusts) which caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Puccinia triticina and Puccinia graminis. Diseased leaves samples were collected from farmers’ fields in Al- Hassakeh governorate. It was noticed the infection did not appear on durum wheat during 2017 and 2018, while all infections were recorded on soft wheat. The results of survey showed distributing of rust diseases (stripe, leaf and stem rusts) in a percent of 31.66%, 19.16% and 0% respectively in 2017. While the infected fields percentages were 14.54%, 10% and 7.27% respectively in 2018. The highest severity of stripe and leaf rusts were 70S and 50S respectively. Stem rust disease did not appear in 2017. While the highest severity of stripe, leaf and stem rusts were 40S, 20S and 40S respectively in 2018.

 Key words: Rust, Wheat, Survey, Al- Hassakeh, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Distribution of Citrus tristeza virus in Syrian Coast

Ensaf Akel*(1) and Imad Ismail(2)

(1). Agricultural Research Center in Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ensaf Akel. Email: ensafakel5n4a@gmail.com).

Received: 24/04/2016                         Accepted: 24/05/2016

Abstract

A survey of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) (CTV, Closterovirus, Closteroviridae) in citrus orchards in Syrian Coast was conducted between March and November 2011. 288 samples were collected (219 samples from old tree, and 69 samples from public and private nurseries) from three regions: Lattakia, Jablah, Banyas. Most of samples showed symptoms similar to symptoms caused by viral diseases. Tissue Blot Immuno binding Assay TBIA was used to detect CTV. Results showed the distribution of Citrus tristeza virus, in citrus orchards in Syrian Coast in different rations in Lattakia region (27.64%), Banyas (22.05%), and Jablah (19.58%). Virus was recorded on different citrus varieties, which belongs to different groups. The highest infection value was recorded on Sweet orange (35.92%), Mandarine (8.16%), Sour orange (6.25%), and Grapefruit (5%).  Also the virus was recorded in some public and private nurseries, in Vdeo and Al Hanadi locations, so that is a serious indicator of virus prevalence, because the rootstocks are distributed to the farmers through these nurseries.

 Key Words: Citrus, CTV, Survey, TBIA.

Full paper in Arabic: Distribution of Citrus tristeza virus in Syrian Coast

Population Changes of Pear Psylla Cacopsylla pyricola (F.) (Psyllidae:Hemiptera), and Monitoring of Natural Enemies in Homs, Syria

Bassam Oudeh*(1) Wajeeh Kassis(2) and Randa Abu-Tara(3)

(1). General commission for Agricultural Research (GCSAR). Scientific Agriculture Research Centre of Homs. Al-Mukhtaryeh Research Station, Homs, Syria
(2). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
(3). Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Bassam Oudeh: Scientific Agriculture Research Centre of Homs. Al-Mukhtaryeh Research Station, Homs, Syria. E-mail: B_oudeh@hotmail.com).

Received: 13/07/ 2014                                     Accepted: 27/11/ 2014

Abstract

The parasitoids and predators species associated with pear psylla Cacopsylla pyricolla (F.) were monitored in Mokhtaria Research Station, Homs, Syria, during seasons 2011 and 2012. The results showed presence of eleven predators and two parasitoids species. The predatory species belong to five orders: Heteroptera[Anthocoris nemoralis (F.), Orius horvanthi (Reuter) (Anthocoridae)], Neuroptera [Chrysoperla carnea (S.) (Chrysopidae)], Coleoptera [Coccinella septempunctata (L.), Oenopia conglobata (L.), Coccinella undecimpunctata (L.), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coccinellidae) and Rhagonycha fulva (Scop.) (Cantharidae), R. fulva is a new record on C. pyricola in Syria], Diptera [Eupeodes corollae (F.), Dermaptera [Forficula auricularia (L.) (Forficulidae), while the parasitoids belong to family Encyrtidae order Hymenoptera [Trechnites psyllae (R.) and Psyllaephagus euphyllurae (M.)]. The predator A. nemoralis was the most abundant with C. pyricolaranged from 45 to 49% comparison with other predator species trapped by beating tray. As well the parasitoid species T. psyllae was the most abundant with the pest ranged from 46 to 87% compared with other parasitoids attracted to the sticky traps. Both A.nemoralis and T. psyllae were the most coexisted ones with the pest, while the other predators and parasitoid species occurred in certain periods during the growing season, and most of parasitoids and predatorsabove responded directly to increase of prey population dynamic. The correlation was positive, and simple correlation coefficient of total parasitoids and predatorsabove in season 2011 was insignificant and positive with eggs and nymphs of the pest 0.23 and highly significant and positive with adults 0.41, while in season 2012 it was insignificant and positive with eggs 0.16 and highly significant and positive with nymphs 0.38 and adults 0.88 at probability level 5%. Therefore, the results showed that there are many parasitoids and predators that we can use to decrease pest populations.

Key words: Pears psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola F., Predators, Parasitoids, Survey, Population studies.

Full paper in Arabic :  تغيرات مجتمع حشرة بسيلا الأجاص وحصر أعدائها الحيوية في محافظة حمص، سورية

Disease Distribution and Physiologic Races of Wheat Yellow Rust Caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in North Eastern Syria.

 Alan A. Ramo*(1), Mohammad F. Azmeh(2)&Omran A. Youssef(1)

(1). Scientific Agriculture Research Center of Al Qamishly, Al Qamishly, Syria.
(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Alan REMO: Scientific Agricultural Research Centre of Lattakia, Lattakia, Syria. E-mail: alan-remo@hotmail.com).

Received: 10 / 09 / 2014                       Accepted: 30 / 11 / 2014

Abstract:

Yellow rust or stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is the most important fungal diseases on wheat. The disease spread in all wheat growing areas of Syria. To identify the distribution of the disease and its physiologic races, field survey have been conducted in 143 fields in 2013 and 109 fields in 2014 in different wheat growing areas in north eastern Syria. Diseased leaf samples were collected from farmers’ fields and uredeniospores were isolated from each field samples. Identification of physiologic races was performed by evaluating the reaction type of seedlings of the differential cultivars. Results of yellow rust survey showed that the distribution of disease was limited, with an infected fields’ ratio of 18.34% in 2014, while it was 40.55% in 2013. It was noticed that the infection did not appear on durum wheat during 2013 and 2014, while all infections were recorded on bread wheat. Results of race identification showed that a number of physiologic races were spread in wheat fields. Four races have been isolated and identified (6E16, 0E0, 82E16, 4E2), with race 6E16 being the most spread race during the study period, while the race 0E0 was the least spread.

Keywords: Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici,Survey, Syria, Wheat, Yellow rust.

Full paper in Arabic:

توزع مرض الصدأ الأصفر Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici على القمح وسلالاتها الفيزيولوجية في شمال شرق سورية.