Efficacy of Betanal Expert Herbicide and Application Time of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers on the Productivity and Quality Traits of Sugar Beet

Abd Ul-Karim Al-Hmmad⁽¹⁾ Bahaa ALRahban^*(2) and Isood Al-Mihaymeed⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Furat University , Der Ezzur, Syria.

(2). Plant Protection Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Bahaa AlRahban. E-Mail: bahaarahban@gmail.com).

Received: 28/07/2016 Accepted: 31/08/2016

Abstract

The experiment was conducted on sugar beet crop, using Cawyinterpoly new, a multigerm cultivar, during the fall season of 2013\2014 at Halta village in Der- Ezzur governorate. Betanal expert herbicide, (75g/L Phenmedipham+25 g/L Desmedipham+ 151g/L Ethofumesat) was used as post-emergence treatment with an average of 2 L/ha for one application, manual weeding control for three times and non-weeded as a check. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were added by two ways: (1^st) whole quantities were added before planting; (2^nd) the quantities were divided and added in three times: one third before planting, one third after thinning, and one third after a month from thinning, besides the check without fertilization .The experiment was laid according to split plot design with three replicates. Broad-leaved weeds were dominated. Results showed that manually weeded treatment effectiveness was (100%), sugar yield (6.53 ton/ha ) and root yield (46.72 ton/ha) while Betanal expert herbicide treatment effectiveness resulted (89.78%, 6.27 ton/ha and 44.39 ton/ha) respectively. The un-weeded treatment surpassed significantly Betanal expert and manual weeding treatments in root sugar contents (17.18%), whereas there were no significant differences between manual weeding and Betanal expert herbicide in this trait. Splitting the quantity of fertilizer into three increased root yield (41.11 ton/ha) significantly as compared with adding the whole quantity before planting (38.56 ton/ha). However, there were no significant differences in sugar yield in terms of fertilizer methods. With respect of sugar content, adding whole quantity of fertilizer before planting gave higher root sugar content (16.67%) significantly compared with splitting the fertilizer to three (16.39%). The interaction between fertilization and weed control treatments affected only root sugar content significantly.

Key words: Sugar beet, Herbicide, Fertilization.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

The Combining Ability for Grain Yield and Some Secondary Traits of Some Maize Crosses under Water Stress Conditions

Majeda AL- Rwaily*⁽¹⁾ Ayman Shehada AL-Ouda⁽²⁾Samir AL-Ahmad⁽¹⁾ and Rshad ALobaid⁽¹⁾

(1). Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Majeda Al-Rwaily. E-Mail: r.majeda@gmail.com).

Received: 09/07/2016 Accepted: 10/10/2016

Abstract

Half diallel cross among six inbred lines was conducted at the Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Deir Ezzor, during the growing season 2010. The fifteen crosses and the two local checks Ghoota82 and Basel-1 were evaluated during the growing season 2011, after being exposed to water stress during flowering and grain filling stages, in order to study the genetic behavior through estimating the general and specific combining ability of some secondary traits determining the grain yield i.e., anthesis silking interval, number of ears and per plant, number of grains per ear, 100 grain weight and harvest index, and to determine the response of maize genotypes for water stress through flowering and grain filling stages. The trial was conducted according to randomized block design, with tree replications. Results showed that GCA and SCA mean square of both lines and crosses were highly significant for most of the investigated traits indicating that inbred lines had variation and genetic diversity. The ratio σ²GCA /σ² SCA indicated the importance of the non-additive gene action for grain yield under water stress conditions during flowering and grain filling stages, while the non-additive gene action dominated of all other traits under water stress during the grain filling stage and full irrigation. The two lines p₃ (IL344T.C-2007) and p₂ (IL1081T.C-2009) revealed the best GCA. The hybrids p₂×p₃ (IL1081-2009×IL344-2007), and p₁×p₃ (IL441-2009×IL344-2007) showed the best SGA for grain yield trait.

Keywords: Maize. Combining ability, Water stress, Grain yield, Half diallel cross.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

**The Effect of Bolters Cutting in the Improvement of Morphological and Quality Traits of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)**

Faddi Abbas⁽¹⁾ Mahmoud Sido⁽¹⁾ and Entessar Al-Jbawi*⁽²⁾ and Mohammad Ali Ali⁽²⁾

(1). Agricultural Research in Homs, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Homs, Syria.

(2). Crops Research Administration, GCSR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Entessar Al Jbawi, E-Mail:dr.entessara@gmail.com).

Received: 11/06/2016 Accepted: 12/08/2016

Abstract:

Sugar beet bolting is considered one of the main obstacles of sugar beet growing in the middle area of Syria, because of low temperatures during autumn sowing. This phenomenon caused big economic losses neither for the factories and the farmers, because of high reduction in sugar content. Regarding the importance of the issue an experiment was conducted in Homs Agricultural Research Center during 2013/2014 season, to study the effect of cutting bolters to limit its negative effect on the morphological and quality traits of four sugar beet varieties, tow are monogerm varieties i.e. Inverstar and Parade, while the other are multigerm varieties i.e. DS9008 and Byblos. Split plot design was used, where the dated of cutting bolters allocated in the maim plots, while the varieties were randomly distributed in the sub plot, with three replicates. The results exhibited a high bolting percentage (P<0.05) in the variety DS9008 (67%), which is considered the most sensitive varieties to bolting, while bolting was 0% for the variety Parade, which can be defined as the most resistant variety to bolting. The percentage of early bolting, which is classified as the most dangerous type of bolting, achieved the highest value (45%) in the variety DS9008, then Parade (30.2%), followed by Inverstar (2.4%), and finally Byblos (0%). Early bolters cut led to an increase in root weight in an average of 10.7%, while the increment in root weight was 1% for the medium bolters cut. In terms of brix%, early bolters cut led to an increase in brix in an average of 16.9%, while the increment in brix was 5.5% for the medium bolters cut.

Keywords: Sugar beet varieties, Bolting percentage, Bloters cut.

Full paper in Arabic: The Effect of Bolters Cutting in the Improvement of Morphological and Quality Traits of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

Determining Some Stability Adaptation Parameters for Sugar Beet Commercial Varieties in Summer Sowing

Entessar Al Jbawi^*(1) Thamer Al Huniesh⁽¹⁾ Zuhair AL Jasem⁽²⁾ Nahla Al Mahmoud⁽¹⁾ and Hussien Al Zubi⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria. (2). Der Ezzor Agricultural Research Center, GCSAR, Der Ezzor, Syria. (*Corresponding author: Dr. Entesssar AL Jbawi: dr.entessara@gmail.com).

Received: 22/04/2016 Accepted: 15/05/2016

Abstract

The research was carried out to study the adaptation of 14 commercial monogerm cultivars of sugar beet in three successive years 2009-2011 at major sugar beet producing location in summer sowing time, Deir Ezzor, in Syria, and assess genotype by environment interaction, and to estimate the stability of the varieties performance according to the yield stability statistics (Ysi) for the studied traits of these varieties. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Data collected from each experiment were subjected to simple analysis of variance and after homogenization of error variance, combined analysis for four traits including Sucrose content% (SC), Purity % (P ), Root yield (RY ), and Sugar yield (SY ) were carried out. Combined analysis of variance over years, exhibited a significant differences (P≤0.05) between the varieties, indicating genetic differences. Results of yield stability statistics (Ysi) revealed that three of the monogerm sugar beet varieties (Rafal, Agora, and Sherif) were judged as stable for all of the studied traits, during the last three seasons, which is recommended to be planted in summer time in Deir Ezzor region.

Key words: Genotype-Environment Interaction (GEI), Stability analysis, Sugar beet.

Full paper in English: Determining Some Stability Adaptation Parameters for Sugar Beet Commercial Varieties in Summer Sowing

The Effect of Bio-Fertilization With Azotobacter Spp and Different Rates of Urea Fertilizer on the Growth of Barely

Merfat T. Ben Mahmud*⁽¹⁾and Eman A. Elferjani⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Merfat T. Ben Mahmud. Email: dr.mbenmahmoud@yahoo.com).

Received: 03/01/ 2016 Accepted: 24/01/ 2016

Abstract

Pots experiment of grown Barely Hordeum, was inoculated with Azotobacter species, isolated from Wadi Elrabie soil (Tajura)/Libya, (loam sandy soil, pH=8.6), that live free in soil and it has a high ability to impact on the growth of barley plants. This experiment was carried out during the winter seasons of 2014, to evaluate the effect of Azotobacter species inoculums and four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) of nitrogen fertilizer (Urea 46% N), on barley growth and number of cell density bacterial in rhizosphere area (CFU). The results proved that bio-fertilization with Azotobacter had a positive role in increasing dry weight of shoot and root (g), and the growth of the number of cell density bacterial (CFU), which had a positive effect, with the addition of 100 kg N / ha of urea.

Key words: Azotobacter, Urea, Rhizosphere, Barely

Full paper in Arabic:

تأثير التسميد الحيوي ببكتريا Azotobacter Spp ومعدلات مختلفة من سماد اليوريا في نمو نبات الشعير

Contribution of Awn in Grain Yield of Durum Wheat Under Drought Conditions

Abd Al Razzak Soud* ⁽¹⁾ Mamoun Khaity⁽²⁾ Sami Al Ghazali ⁽¹⁾ Fadi Abu-Rukba⁽³⁾and Moead Almeselmani ⁽⁴⁾

(1). Izraa Research Station, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) , Izraa, Daraa, Syria.
(2). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.
(3). Daraa Research Center, (GCSAR) , Daraa, Syria.
(4). Department of biotechnology, (GCSAR), Damascus , Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng: Abd Al Razzak Soud, Izraa Research Station, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) , Izraa, Daraa, Syria).

Received: 01/02/ 2015 Accepted: 04/04/ 2015

Abstract

Six durum wheat varieties (Horany, Sham3, Sham5, Bouhouth 7, Bouhouth 11, and Doma1) were used to study the contribution of awns in grain yield. The experiment was carried out in Izraa Research Station, General Commission For Scientific Agricultural Research (GSAR), Daraa, Syria, during (2010/2011). Split plot design was used with three replications. The results showed a significant difference between varieties in percentage of awns contribution in grain yield. The percentage of awns contribution in grain yield for the control ranged between 7.22 – 11.93 % and increased to 14.84 – 21.16 % under drought conditions. Correlation coefficient between awn length and grain yield was positive, and high. The values of correlation coefficients were (*0.521, *0.695) for control and treatment, respectively at level of probability 0.05.

Key words: Durum wheat, Awn length, Drought, Grain filling.

Full paper in Arabic:مساهمة السفا في الغلة الحبية للقمح القاسي تحت ظروف الجفاف

The Effect of Water Stress on Some Physiological Characteristics of Two Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Monogerm Hybrids

Entessar AL-Jbawi* ⁽¹⁾ Fadi Abbas ⁽²⁾

(1). Sugar beet Research Department, Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2). Scientific Agriculture Research Center of Homs, (GCSAR). P.O.Box 626, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Entessar Al Jbawi, E-mail: dr.entessara@gmail.com).

Received: 02/02/ 2015 Accepted: 17/06/ 2015

Abstract:

The experiment was carried out in the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) at Homs Agricultural Research Center, Homs, Syria, during 2009-2010 seasons, at winter time, to study the effect of early water stress on some physiological characteristics of sugar beet. Two genotypes (Brigita and Dorotea), were subjected to water stress by withholding water for 40 days after rainfall ceased. A split plot design with three replicates was used. Results showed that, early drought stress had a significant effect on the studied parameters. Water content (WC%) and relative water content (RWC%) were decreased in all plant parts under drought condition as compared to control. However, WC% in taproot decreased more than blades and petioles. RWC% decrement was less in mature leaves than in old and new leaves. Under drought stress, fresh and dry weight of tops and roots were decreased. Sugar beet genotypes showed the capability to regulate its osmotic potential by increasing sodium, potassium, and soluble sugars in both, tops and roots. Results also Indicated that drought stress caused an increasing value of fluorescence origin (fo), decreasing the values of fluorescence maximum (fm), and maximum yield of quantum in photo system-II, (fv/fm). The reduction in Dorotea genotype was more drastically compare to Brigita.

Key words: Water stress, Physiological characteristics, Sugar Beet.

Full paper in Arabic: تأثير الإجهاد المائي في بعض الصفات الفيزيولوجية لهجينين وحيدي الجنين من الشوندر السكري (Beta vulgaris L.)

Effect of Planting Method in Some Productivity and Quality Traits of Tow Sugar Beet Varieties Grown in Summer Season in Syria

Entessar Al-Jbawi*⁽¹⁾Thamer Al Huniesh⁽¹⁾Zuhair Al Jasem⁽²⁾Nahla Al Mahmoud⁽²⁾Ziad Al Ibrahim⁽²⁾ and Ahmad Al Abdallah⁽²⁾

(1). Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2). Der Al Zur Agricultural Research Center, (GCSAR), Der Al Zur, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Entessar Al Jbawi, Damascus, Syria. E-mail: dr.entessara@gmail.com , Mobile: 0988699884)

Received: 01/02/ 2015 Accepted: 18/03/ 2015

Abstract

The field experiment was carried out at the Scientific Agricultural Research Center, Der Al Zur, Syria, during the growing seasons 2009/2010 and 2010/2011, to determine the effect of planting method on some productivity and quality traits of two sugar beet varieties, one was monogerm i.e. Dita, while the other was multigerm i.e. Reda. The experiment was sown in three methods i.e. ridges (50 cm), ridges (100 cm), and rows, each planting method with plant distance (20 cm between plants). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design, with four replications. The combined analysis exhibited significant effect of the planting method (M) and non significant effect of the varieties (V) for most of the studied traits. The results showed that planting in ridges were more important compared with sown in rows however, planting in ridges with width 100 cm caused an increase in root and sugar yields, and sucrose% (65.9 ton/ha, 10.1 ton/ha and 17.5 %, respectively). ). We can consider planting in ridges the best planting method in summer season in Der Al Zur governorate in Syria.

Keywords: Planting method, Productivity and quality traits, Sugar beet varieties.

Full paper in Arabic : تأثير طريقة الزراعة في بعض الصفات الإنتاجية والتكنولوجية لصنفين من الشوندر السكري في العروة الصيفية في سورية

(1). Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria. (2). Der Al Zur Agricultural Research Center, (GCSAR), Der Al Zur, Syria

(1). Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2). Der Al Zur Agricultural Research Center, (GCSAR), Der Al Zur, Syria