Nadia ALKhalaf *⁽¹⁾                                                             

(1). Doctor of  Horticulture, agriculture faculty- Alfurat University

(Corresponding author: Dr. Nadia ALKhalaf: nadiaalkhalaf5@gmail.com )

Received : 3/3/2024                        Accepted : 5/9/2024

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in Mrat village of Deir-Ezzor during the 2020 and 2021 seasons. The Aims was Effect of Spray By K-Humates and addition of the levels of fertilizer recommendation in physiological Characters and Yield Of Cucumber. by average four of K-Humates )HA₀  =0 g\l, HA₁ = 1 g\l, HA₂ = 2 g\l, HA₃ = 3 g\l( and Five levels of the Ground Mineral fertilization With Macro Elements N,P,K According to the Quantities Recommended by The Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform For Cucumber Crop and Based on the Results of soil Analysis at The Site of Implementation of Research Where Percentages of this Equation were used as follows) T₀ =0%, T₁ =25%,T₂ =50%,T₃= 75%, T₄=100%) Split Plots Design with three replications and a Rate of Ten Plants In Refined was used . The Aim of studying: K-Humates was using by average (3 g\l) spray on cucumber leaves and showed a significant increase in physiological Characters. And there was a significant increase compared with or to other treatments for most productivity traits. While was a significant increase in the level of mineral fertilization by 100% compared with or to other treatments for all physiological Character traits, and there was a significant increase compared with or to other treatments for most productivity traits. As for the interaction Between them, there was a significant increase in interaction (HA₃×T₄) compared with or to other treatments for all physiological Character traits. As for most of the Characteristics of Productivity, It was (46.46 fruit/plant) For the Number of Fruit on one plant and (5617.1 kg/acres) for Total Productivity

Keywords: K-Humates, cucumber, physiological, productivity, Mineral fertilization.  

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mayada Zahlout* ⁽¹⁾, Sarhan Layka⁽¹⁾ , Ahmad kara- Ali⁽²⁾,   and Abeer Sultan⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Botany, Faculty of Science , Tishreen University , Lattakia , Syria.

(2). High Institute Marine Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia , Syria.

(3). Faculty of Science, Tishreen University,  Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mayada zahlout: Mayadaam79@gmail.com).

Received: 2/12/2023                                   Accepted: 21/4/2024

Abstract: 

The current research included a study of the morphological characteristics of five species of the genus Convolvulus L. of the Convolvulacaea family, widespread in Latakia Governorate, during the two years (2021-2022), using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The results showed that the pollen grains of the genus are medium to large in size, with three germinal lines, 3-zonocolpate, with various shapes: C.althaeoides, C.arvensis, C.cantabrica, and C.scammonia, and the prolate-elongated form of C.scammonia, and the oblate-spheroidal form of C.scammonia.  betanocefolius and the sub-prolate shape of the species C.cantabrica. The decorations are notched. The smallest pollen grains were of the species C.cantabrica (52.2 – 60 ×((48.66 – 54.8) μm  For species within a genus, they provide valuable information for distinguishing between similar species.

Key words: Convolvulacaea, Convolvulus L., pollen grains , 3-zonocolpate, electron microscope SEM .

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammed Mareai^*(1) Mohammad Maqbool ⁽²⁾ and Tawfiq Al- Omari ⁽²⁾

(1). National Genetic Resource Center, Agricultural Research and Extension Authority, Dhamar, Republic of Yemen.

(2). Central Highlands Research station, Agricultural Research and Extension Authority, Dhamar, Republic of Yemen

(*Corresponding author: M. Mareai: mareemohammed88@yahoo.com, tel: 00967771843022)

Received: 8/2/2025                        Accepted: 21/7/2025

Abstract: 

The study was carried out, in the Central Highlands Region, Dhamar Governorate – Republic of Yemen in nine different locations during the summer season (July) 2020 AD. The study was concentrated in three districts, which are Mayfa’a Ans, Otma and Al-Hadda. In each district, three locations were chosen for the purpose of evaluating and studying the phenotypic and productive characteristics of tree varieties of pea (1 local and two improved Yahsob and Amran). Each cultivar was planted with an area of 150 m² in each site and was relied on 30 descriptive and quantitative traits. The results showed that the cultivars were divided into two groups, the first for the local cultivars (Landraces), the second group included the two improved cultivars Yahsob and Amran, The results of the cluster analysis indicate that the improved varieties differed from the local variety in many characteristics, and the degree of kinship reached only 40%, which indicates the presence of genetic divergence between them, while the degree of kinship between the variety Yahsob and Amran reached 93%, which indicates the presence of genetic closeness between them, and therefore it is possible to rely on the phenotypic characteristics to distinguish between the varieties, the study confirms the importance of expanding it by increasing the number of varieties in addition to the molecular study.

Key words: characteristics, traits, phenotypic, productive, cluster analysis and genetic kinship.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohamad Fouti*⁽¹⁾, Ahmad Kamari⁽¹⁾, and Ahmad Ayoubi⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

(2). Dept of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ebla, Idleb, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Mohamad Fouti: Mohammadfoti@gmail.com )

Received: 26/4/2025                       Accepted: 3/8/2025

Abstract: 

The parsley (Petroselinum crispum) has been known since ancient times for its nutritional and medicinal importance and its use as an anti-hyperglycemic and cardiovascular stimulant and digestive disorders, this research aimed to estimate the total content of phenols and flavonoids within the methanolic extract of the parsley plant (aerial parts only), and to evaluate the antioxidant efficacy based on the use of DPPH compound (2-2-biphenyl-1-becryl hydrazil) using spectroscopic methods. The results of the chemical survey showed the presence of many active groups in the methanolic extract of parsley such as phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids, and the phenols content was measured using the Foline Seocalto reagent and the flavonoid content was measured using aluminum chloride, the results showed that parsley contains a quantity of phenols amounting to (24.73 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (mg GAE/g DW 16.22) and showed antioxidant activity of (IC50 = 73.45 mg/ml) From the previous results, we conclude the reason for the great effectiveness of the parsley plant in resisting many diseases and therefore it can be used to resist oxidative stress of cells because of its effective external antioxidants.

Keywords: Parsley, flavonoids, phenols, DPPH compound.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Kasem Alfaraj^(1)*, Sami Sheikhmous Othman⁽²⁾, and Mohammad Naif Al-Khalaf⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil Sciences, University of Al-Furat, Deir Ezzor, Syria.

(2). Field Crops Department, Scientific Agricultural Research Center, Qamishli, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mohammad Naif Al-Khalaf, mohmadkalaf092@gmail.com , mob.: 0983252779)

Received: 30/12/2024                                 Accepted: 21/7/20225

Abstract: 

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different types of vermicompost (sheep, cattle, and horse manure) and application rates (300, 600, 900, and 1200 kg/donum) on soil properties and cumin crop productivity in Al-Hasakah Governorate. Results demonstrated that horse-derived vermicompost was most effective in improving soil physical properties, significantly reducing bulk density while increasing porosity, thereby enhancing soil quality and facilitating water and air movement. Regarding chemical properties, sheep-derived vermicompost showed the greatest impact, improving pH and salinity levels while increasing essential nutrients (N, P, K), consequently boosting soil fertility and nutrient uptake. The 300 kg/donum application rate of sheep vermicompost achieved optimal economic returns, showing the most pronounced improvement in soil properties and cumin yield compared to other tested rates. Cattle vermicompost exhibited moderate improvements in both physical and chemical soil properties, though it proved less economically advantageous than sheep vermicompost.

Keywords: Cumin, Al-Hasakah soil, productivity, soil properties, vermicompost.

 Full paper in English: PDF

Maya Al-Abdala^{* (1)}, Safwan Aboassaf ⁽¹⁾, and Afraa Sallowm⁽²⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria

(2). Faculty of agriculture, department of agricultural economics, Damascus University, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Maya al-abdala: mayaabdala6@gmail.com)

Received: 6/ 12/ 2023                     Accepted: 9/ 3 /2024

Abstract

The research aims to determine the optimum-cropping pattern that maximizes the net unit return in the case of increasing the cultivated area, which is represented by agricultural lands that are not invested by farmers and are arable in Swaida governorate/Syria by using Linear Mathematical Programming. Through a questionnaire targeting 106 farmers during the 2020 agricultural season. The results after solution of the proposed linear programming model showed: An increase in the actual cultivated area by 21.14% an area estimated at 1715.7 Dunums. As a result, the total net return of the proposed alternative increased by 111.75% over the net return of the actual cropping, as the total achieved revenue amounted to about 611.46 million SP, compared to 288.76 million SP net return actual cropping. The study recommends the need to use the linear programming technique, as one of the quantitative research methods in management, which achieves the case for the optimal use of economic resources.

Keywords: Linear Programming. Optimal Cropping. Maximization. Net Return. Constraints.

 Full paper in English: PDF

Ali Issa Salloum*⁽¹⁾, Mohsen Salim Jahjaah⁽¹⁾, and  Ali Ahmed Ali ⁽²⁾

(1).Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Ali Issa Salloum, email: alisalloum992040@gmail.com)               

Received: 19/11/2023                                 Accepted: 1/4/2024

Abstract: 

The research aimed to know the role of vegetables and fruit sorting and packaging facilities in dealing with citrus growers and brokers, and the returns they achieve for them, in addition to distributing production from the citrus crop in the Qurdaha region during the period extending from 1/8/2021 to 1/8/2022. The study sample included 5 comprehensive fruit and vegetables sorting and packaging facilities operating in the Qurdaha area, in addition to a number of farmers and middlemen (guarantors) distributed in the study area. The results showed that the studied facilities limited their work to citrus fruits during the year studied, as they dealt with (382) citrus farmers distributed within the study area, representing (7,38%) of the total numbers of citrus farmers in this area. These facilities were also able to achieve a profit for various categories of customers (farmers and brokers) from whom they buy citrus fruits for one kilogram, especially those dealing with the Balancia variety. Noting the decrease in profit achieved by farmers whose production is purchased by facilities with a guarantee that precedes the citrus season by several months compared to other categories of customers, it decreased to 125 SYP/Kg for dealers in the Balancia variety, and 25SYP/Kg for dealers in other citrus varieties. The results also showed the studies facilities attracted (8,608) tons of citrus fruits from fields distributed within the study area, representing (15,5 %) of the total citrus production in the studied area, which amounted to (55,430) tons during the year studied.

Key words: sorting and packaging, citrus, Balancia, farmers, brokers, Citrus marketing, Qurdaha area.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Alaa Suhiel Ibrahim^(1)*, Najwa Ali⁽¹⁾, Aminah Issa⁽¹⁾, Abeer Habib⁽¹⁾ and Ghadah Ballol⁽¹⁾

(1). Ciano station, Scientific Agricultural Researches center of Lattakiah

(^*Corresponding author: Alaa Suhiel Ibrahim, alaasoeb@gmail.com , 0933313947)

Received:  9/2/2024                      Accepted:10/3/2024

Abstract: 

This investigation was conducted during 2019. The present study was carried out in a field at the citrus experimental station in Ciano, the General Corps of Scientific Agricultural Researches. The fruit maturity development of orange trees (Washington Navel 141) budded on seven citrus rootstocks (Sour orange, Citrumelo 4475, Citrumelo 1452, Troyer Citrange, Carrizo Citrange, Macrophylla and Cleopatra Mandarin) and farmed in 1989 have been studied. The results showed a significant increase in fruit fresh weight in trees grafted on Citrumelo 1452 by (107.93%) compared to the increase in fruit fresh weight in trees grafted on Sour orange by (58.65%). Fruit peel thickness significantly increased by (6.68%) in trees grafted on Troyer Citrange compared to those grafted on Sour orange, Citrumelo 4475 and Macrophylla whose fruit peel thickness decreased by (22.65, 13.55 and 11.46%, respectively). The largest significant increase in total soluble solids (%) was in trees grafted on Macrophylla by (57.29%), while total acids (%) significantly decreased by (74.25%) in trees grafted on Cleopatra Mandarin.

Keywords: Navel, Maturity, Fruit, Cleopatra, Citrumelo.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Raneem Ali Msalam* ⁽¹⁾ Ibrahim Hamdan Saqr ⁽¹⁾ and Ali Suleiman Ahmed ⁽²⁾

(1). Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Economics and Planning, Faculty of Economics, Tishreen University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Raneem Ali Msalam, email: raneem.msalam.93@gmail.com , mob.: /0934737643/)

 Received :10 /7/2024                Accepted: 5/2/2025

Abstract: 

The research aimed to evaluate the performance efficiency of micro-agricultural projects in Latakia Governorate, in terms of the economic dimension, the learning and growth dimension, and the internal operations dimension, and to identify the most prominent difficulties facing agricultural producers. The research was conducted in Latakia Governorate – Syria during the period 2022-2023, where the total size of the studied community reached 2861 projects A questionnaire form was designed and distributed to a random sample of projects consisting of 303 micro-agricultural projects (plant production, animal production, food industries) in the areas of Latakia Governorate (Jableh, Al-Haffa, Qardaha, Latakia), and efficiency was evaluated using a three-point Likert scale. In addition to applying some financial standards. The results showed a statistically significant relationship at a significance level of 0.05 Between the economic dimension and the learning and growth dimension, and the internal operations dimension of the project and the efficiency of its performance, and as the results of the evaluation of the studied projects showed the presence of good economic efficiency, where the general average reached 2.47 and a relative importance (82.24%), and good learning and growth with an average of 2.47 and a relative importance (82.35%) ), and internal operations with an average of 1.85 and relative importance (61.66%) In light of the significant increase in the prices of production inputs, establishment expenses, and the lack of necessary resources, the research recommended the necessity of providing financing institutions specialized in providing loans to small and micro agricultural projects, and issuing supportive legislation and policies to promote small and micro agricultural entrepreneurship.

Keywords: agricultural, micro-enterprises, performance efficiency, financial standards, economic dimension, learning and growth dimension.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Adnan Alkazah^(1)*,  Abdulwahab Meri⁽²⁾ and Bassam Aloklah⁽³⁾

(1). Laboratory of the directorate of internal trade and consumer protection in the Damascus countryside

(2). Food Science Department-Faculty of Agriculture-Damascus University-Damascus-Syria

(3). National Commission for Biotechnology-Damascus-Syria

(*Corresponding author: Adnan Alkazah: adnankaza@hotmail.com, Mobile 0938291015)

Received: 30/5/2025                                   Accepted: 3/8/2025

Abstract: 

Lactic acid is considered one of the most important organic acids due to its uses in food and industrial fields. The current research aimed to isolate lactic acid producing bacteria from different foodstuffs such as pickles (turnip, cucumber and capsicum), cheeses (Okawi and shelal), yoghurt, eyran, milk (bovine and sheep milk), Labaneh, Shanklish and keshek, and to choose the better isolate for using in lactic acid production on a medium based on cheese whey. The primary tests are performed on isolates, which include Gram stain and catalase test to ensure whether the isolated bacteria are Gram-positive (either they were cocci or bacilli) and catalase negative, so they are belonging to lactic acid bacteria group. The total number of samples was 79 and the total number of lactic acid bacteria was 60, the bacilli were 18 isolates and the cocci were 42 isolates. Whey samples were collected from Damascus, and they were tested for the percent of dry matter, fat, lactose, total ash, total acidity and pH value. The whey sample was prepared by protein precipitation for screening experiments, which performed on lactic acid bacteria that obtained from food samples, and aimed to identify the most effective isolate in producing lactic acid bacteria from cheese whey. The isolate Y7 produced the largest amount of lactic acid (28.12 g/L). The biochemical tests were performed for identifying this isolate by means of API 50 CHL strip, and this isolate found to be belonging to Lactobacillus paracasei. The identifying of the former isolate was confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, using specific primers designed based on the National Bank for Bioinformatics (NCBI), and this technique ensured the accuracy of the identification using API 50 CHL strip, and that the superior isolate Y7 is belonging to Lactobacillus paracasei.

Keywords: API 50 CHL strip, cheese whey, lactic acid, Lactobacillus paracasei, RT-PCR technique.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF