Category Archives: Vol 6 N3 2019

A Survey of Wheat Rust Diseases in Al- Hassakeh Governorate

Alan Remo*(1)

(1). Al Qamishly Agriculture Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Alan Remo. E-mail: alanremo123@hotmail.com).

Received: 12/08/2018                                Accepted: 15/10/2018

Abstract

Field survey have been conducted on 120 fields in 2017 and 110 fields in 2018 in zone1 and zone2 in Al- Hassakeh governorate, to identification the distribution of three wheat rust diseases (stripe, leaf and stem rusts) which caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Puccinia triticina and Puccinia graminis. Diseased leaves samples were collected from farmers’ fields in Al- Hassakeh governorate. It was noticed the infection did not appear on durum wheat during 2017 and 2018, while all infections were recorded on soft wheat. The results of survey showed distributing of rust diseases (stripe, leaf and stem rusts) in a percent of 31.66%, 19.16% and 0% respectively in 2017. While the infected fields percentages were 14.54%, 10% and 7.27% respectively in 2018. The highest severity of stripe and leaf rusts were 70S and 50S respectively. Stem rust disease did not appear in 2017. While the highest severity of stripe, leaf and stem rusts were 40S, 20S and 40S respectively in 2018.

 Key words: Rust, Wheat, Survey, Al- Hassakeh, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

The Effect of Biological Control of Two Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch by Using the Predatory Mite Phytoseiulus Persimilis Athias-Henroit on Growth and Productivity of Some Climbing Beans Cultivars

Riad Zidan(1) Mohammad Ahmad(2) and Alisar Shaabow*(1)

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Alisar Shaabow. E-Mail: alisar.nadeem@yahoo.com).

Received: 19/11/2018                                Accepted: 19/12/2018

Abstract

The study was carried out in a greenhouse at Latakia center for rearing natural enemies during 2017 and 2018, in order to study the effect of  the biological control of the two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) by using the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henroit (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on growth and production of five cultivars of climbing bean i.e. Kentucky wonder white, Blue lake, Fatima, Purple Queen, and Zilioni Gigant. The results showed that releasing the predatory mite increased the leal area to 10294 cm2 compared with that in the prey treatment 5983 cm2, and the net assimilation rate increased from 0.15 to 0.36 mg/cm2/day, while the production increased from  0.27 kg/m2 to 1.25 kg/m2, for both prey and predator treatments respectively. The results also showed that Kentucky wonder white cultivar of the predator treatment exceeded other cultivars in leaf area 9499 cm2 and production 1.18 kg/m2.

Key words: Climbing bean, Growth traits, Biological control, Tetranychus urticae Koch، Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henroit.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

The Development of Peacock Eye Disease Caused by Spilocaea oleagina on Khadairy Olive Variety in Latakia Governorate

Samer Ghanem*(1) Mohamed Tawil(1) and  Sabah Al-Maghribi(1)

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Samer Ghanem. E-Mail: samer.gh85@hotmail.com).

Received: 25/02/2018                                Accepted: 26/04/2018

Abstract

The development of peacock eye disease on olive trees of Khadairy variety was studied during 2016 and 2017 in five orchards, located at Baksa in Latakia governorate, in order to identify the disease development during these two years. The disease development was observed during spring and autumn compared to summer and winter. The disease incidence was during spring of 2016 (March, and May), also between 20.22 – 24.17% and ranged between 23.34 – 28.19% in 2017. The disease severity ranged between 12.76 and 17.80% in 2016 and ranged between 15.75 and 19.14% in 2017. In autumn, the disease incidence was medium, where it ranged between 13.23 – 20.13% in autumn 2016 (September, October and November) and between 11.09 – 22.72% in the autumn of 2017. While the disease severity was between 6.89 – 12.45% in autumn 2016, and between 5.17 – 14.69% in 2017. The disease incidence was low in summer and winter, where the incidence rate was only 11.19% in summer of 2016 and 10.25% in 2017. The severity did not exceed 5.13% in 2016 and 5.05% in 2017. The incidence did not exceed 16.35% in winter 2016 and 16.07% in 2017. The severity was not more than 7.64% in 2016 and 8.35% in 2017. It was also observed different development of the disease, when comparing the lower part (1-2 m) of the tree with the upper part (2-4 m). The incidence and severity were high at the lower parts, and it was low at the upper parts of the tree over all of the studied traits.

Key words: Khdairy variety of Olive, Peacock eye disease, Spilocaea oleagina, Latakia, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

 

Insects Associated with Sooty Mold Disease Alternaria alternata on Trees in Omer El-Mukhtar University Periphery, Libya

Zahra Ibrahim El-Gali*(1) Eman Gebreal Abdul-Raff(2) and Kamlla Abdel-Rahim  El-Wahsh(1)

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Omer AlMuhktar University, Libya.

(2). Faculty of Natural Sources and Ecological sciences, Omer AlMuhktar University, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Zahra Ibrahim El-Gali. E. mail: zahra.ibrahim@omu.edu.ly).

Received: 10/05/2019                                Accepted: 10/09/2019

Abstract

This study was conducted during the season 2017/2018 to evaluate the infection%, disease severity of sooty mold on fig, oleander and olive trees in Omer AlMukhtar University periphery, and identification of causal disease and associated insects with it, then confirmation of fungal growth on insect’s honeydew. Visits were weekly carried out from April until November during 2017/2018, and all samples were collected and checked under light microscope and stereomicroscope for insect’s observation, honeydew and fungal growth in laboratory. Also breeding of insect on tree seedlings from egg hatching until honeydew production for fungal culture on it. The results recorded that the highest infection with insects was noticed on olive trees (75.5%), followed by oleander (56.6%), then fig trees (30.3%), respectively, while, disease severity were reached to 69%, 53% and 13.5% on olive, fig and oleander respectively. The results of fungal isolation and insect’s identification showed to finding out Alternaria alternata on leaves and two suckers’ insects were correlated with sooty mold disease. Ceroplastes rusci on fig trees and Saissetia oleae on trees of olive and oleander. The fungus A. alternata had the ability for growth on honeydew on the leaf surface as mycelium and conidia without penetration their tissues.

Keywords:  Sooty mold, Alternaria alternata, Insect scale, Trees, Libya.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Study of the Distribution of Phytophthora Species on Strawberry and Evaluation their Damages in Tartous Governorate, Syria

Abd Alrahman Khafta*(1)

(1). Plant Protection Department, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abd Alrahman Khafta. E-Mail: dr.khafateh54@yahoo.com).

Received: 18/10/2018                                Accepted: 10/11/2018

Abstract

This study showed an increase in the damages of two fungus species of Phytophthora spp. on the sensitive genotypes of strawberry plant, at two locations (Arzona and Sefsafe) in Tartous governorate, during 2016 and 2017, which were grown in vivo. p. Cactorum which caused crown and leather rot was isolated and p. fragariae which was the causal agent of red stele root rot also was isolated on the selective medium CMA (corn meal agar) and (PARPNHB) compounds. The rate of the infection % and the severity % of red stele root rot were 16% and 5.8% in Arzona and reached 15% and 5.6 % respectively in Sefsafe. Regarding crown rot, the infection% was 13% and severity was 3.6% in Arzona, while the values reached 14% and 4.2% respectively in Sefsafe. In terms of leather rot, the infection % was 9% and severity was 3.2 % in Arzona, but the percentages accounted 8% and 3.1% respectively in Sefsafe.

Key words: Phytophthora strawberry, Crown rot, Red stele root rot, Leather rot.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

The First Record in Syria of the Heart Shaped Soft Scale Insect Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Cockerell) Homoptera: Coccidae and Recording its Predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleopteran: Coccinellidae)

Rafeek Abboud*(1) Majedah Mofleh(2) Raeed Sbaih(3) and Mohammad Ahmad(3)

(1). Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rafeek Abboud. E-Mail: abboud.rafeek@hotmail.com).

Received: 11/07/2019                                Accepted: 15/08/2019

Abstract

Pyriform scale Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Cockerell) (Homoptera: Coccidae) is a global spread in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, the Mediterranean and the Americas. This study showed the first record of its presence in Syria in Jableh region in Latakia governorate on four different plant hosts: Laureus nobilis (Lauraceae), Myrtus communis (Myrtacea), Gardenia (Rubiaceae) and Citrus maxima (Rotaceae) in May 2019. Also, this study showed the first international record the presence of its predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleopteran: Coccinellidae) fed on eggs and nymphs of the Pyriform scale insect. The parasite Metaphychus sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was recorded too.

Key words: First record, Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Cockerell), Metaphychus sp. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Interaction Between Agricultural Extension and Barley Farmers and the Most Important Problems of Production in Sweida Governorate

Safwan Abou Assaf*(1) Bassam Al Atalah(1) Ghada Janoud(2)and Remal Saab(1)

(1). Sweida Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Directorate of Agriculture and Agricultural Reform, Sweida, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Safwan Abou Assaf. E-Mail:aboassaf2011@hotmail.com).

Received: 21/06/2018                                Accepted: 05/11/2018

Abstract

Agricultural policies and plans try to support barley as an important component of crop combination in Sweida governorate. The research aimed to identify the most important interactions between agricultural extension and barley farmers in Sweida governorate (located in the south of Syria), and to identify the most important problems of production facing barley farmers. To achieve these goals, different statistical tools were used including Spearman and Pearson coefficients and 4-point Likert scale. Data were collected from a random sample of barley farmers in Sweida governorate during season 2014/2015. The results revealed that interaction degree was weak in 51.74% of the sample and moderate in 30.23%. In spite of this result, there was a significantly positive relation between the interaction degree and each of: the presence of the agricultural extension unit in the village, registration in an agricultural cooperative, farmer’s age, experience in agriculture, the main work of the farmer (whether it is related to agriculture or not). The most important problems face barley production from the farmers’ point of view was the increase in labor and fuel prices. The participation of the farmer in the research and in the extension unit’s activities at all stages, is highly recommended to improve the interaction with agricultural extension and scientific research centers.

Keywords: Agricultural extension, Extension activities, Barley, Sweida governorate.

Full paper in English: PDF

Genotype x Environment Interaction and Stability for Grain Yield of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum Geartn)

Manoj Kandel(1) and Jiban Shrestha*(2)

 

(1). Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Hill Crops Research Program (HCRP), Baiteshwor-4, Kabre, Dolakha, Nepal.

(2). Agriculture Botany Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal.

(*Corresponding author: manojkandel24@gmail.com).

Received: 23/08/20219                               Accepted: 05/09/2019

Abstract

Stability analysis is an important step in developing cultivars. Seven buckwheat genotypes were evaluated at hilly regions of Nepal namely Dolakha, Ramechhap, Solukhumbu, Kaski, Dailekh, Surkhet, Jumla and Doti districts during winter seasons of 2017 and 2018 using randomized complete block design with three replications to identify stable and high yielding genotypes. The genotype × environment interaction for grain yield was significant (P≤0.05). The genotypes ACC#2227-1 (1.62 t/ha) and ACC#2223-1 (1.52 t/ha) were found higher sensitive to environment and produced higher mean grain yield across the locations. Joint regression analysis showed that genotypes ACC#2227-1 and ACC# 2223-1 had regression coefficient of 1.41 and 1.33, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) for genotypes, ACC#2227-1 and ACC#2223-1 were higher. The GGE biplot analysis showed that ACC#2227-1 and ACC#2223-1 were more stable and adaptive across the locations; therefore, they can be taken for general cultivation.

 Keywords: Buckwheat, G×E interaction, Stability, Grain yield.

Full paper in English: PDF

The Replacement Effect of Soybeans by Potatoes and Eggplant Peels on Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L. Juveniles Growth

Khalid William Farnar*(1)

(1). Department of Marine Vertebrate, Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: khaled_msc62@yahoo.com).

Received: 12/06/2019                                Accepted: 03/08/2019

Abstract

The replacement effect of soybeans by potatoes peels and eggplant peels was studied to feed the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. Juveniles under laboratory conditions in Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, with an initial length and weight of 2.2 ± 0.1405 cm and 1.819 ± 0.0753 g respectively, the experiment continued for a period of 60 days starting from April 2017. The aquariums were equipped with air pumps for 24 hours throughout the day, and the fishes were fed two meals daily. The environmental parameters within the limits appropriate for the growth of carp, the results showed a significant statistical difference in growth rates between fishes in experiment aquariums where the highest weight recorded at the end of the experiment for the Juveniles in the aquarium B which was 26.471 g, followed by Juveniles in the aquarium D was 21.453 g then the fishes in the aquarium C amounted to 18.186 g and finally the Juveniles in the aquarium A which recorded 16.984 g. The study showed that the replacement of soybeans by potatoes peels gave the best increase in weight at the end of the experiment as in the aquarium B which was 8.642 g/week compared with the aquarium D, C and A, that gave 7.371 and 5.731 and 5.367 g/week respectively, and with a daily weight increase during the experiment period amounted to 0.253, 0.409, 0.275 and 0.327g/day of experiment aquariums A, B, C and D respectively.

Key words: Soybeans, Potatoes peels, Eggplant peels, C. carpio.

Full paper in English: PDF

Effect of Host-Plant on Life Table Parameters of Potato Tuber Moth Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller)

Gassan Youssef*(1)

(1). General Organization of Seed production, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Gassan Youssef. E-Mail:ghassanyoussef@hotmail.com).

Received: 14/04/2018                                Accepted: 03/10/2018

Abstract

Life table studies for potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) were carried out on three host plants namely; potato tubers, Solanum tuberosum L. (Potato), eggplant fruits, Solanum melongena L. (Aubergine) and green tomatoes, Solanum esculentum Mill (Tomato), to evaluate the preferred host plant for feeding Ph. operculella larvae. The calculated biological parameters were: Net reproductive rate of increase (R0), generation time (Gt), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ) and population doubling time (Dt). Obtained results indicated that potato tubers proved to be the quite favorable for achieving the highest developmental and multiplication rates of Ph. operculella, followed by eggplant meanwhile tomato was the least favorable. The natural mortality figures; Apparent Mortality (AM), Real Mortality (RM) and Indispensable Mortality (IM) for larvae reared on potato tubers were 20.73, 17.00 and 13.34%, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest mortality rates were 32.58, 29.00 and 18.36% when larvae were fed on eggplant fruits. It is quite worth to mention out here that potato tubers are considered as the most attractive for feeding and rearing Ph. operculella for research purposes followed by egg-plant. Tomato seem to be the least acceptable host plant.

Key words: Host plants, Life tables, Potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella.

Full paper in English: PDF