Category Archives: crops

Confronting Climate Changes by Detecting New Planting Dates of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Algeria

Yaseen BouBazin*(1)

(1). Research Unit, The National Algerian Institute of Agricultural Research (INRAA/URC), Constantine, Algeria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Yaseen BouBazin. E-Mail: yboubazine@yahoo.fr).

Received: 29/12/2018                                Accepted: 24/03/2019

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out at the field station of the village of Bounouara in Constantine, Algeria, during the agricultural seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, with the aim of studying the impact of four agricultural dates (14th November, 1st December, 2nd January and 17th January). Seven soft wheat varieties (Plateaus, Cedar, Ein ebeid, Arhamocho, Tides, Masin and Pomerzov), according to the design of split plot with three replicates. The results showed that agricultural traits had a significant effect on the phenological stages, plants height and grain yield and its components. The results showed that the decrease in blooming stage in a percentage of 22.52% led to a decrement in plant height (20.81%), number of spikelet (14.02%), number of kernels (12.53%), 1000 kernel weight (10.92%) and grain yield (69.96%). The varieties differed within each other, where the variety Plateaus was the most adaptability and stability one in Bounouara with a grain yield of 4456 Kg/ha. The study recommends taking into consideration the life cycle of wheat varieties when grown, where at the early dates the long-life wheat varieties should be sown, and vice versa.

Keyword: Climate changes, Agricultural dates, Soft wheat, Productivity, Adaptation.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

TheAhmed Moursy*(1) and Mazen Ismail(1)(1). Soil   and   Water Research Department, Nuclear   Research   Center, Atomic   Energy   Authority, Abou-Zaabl, Egypt.(*Corresponding author: Ahmed Moursy. E-mail address ahmad1a2m3@yahoo.com).Received: 07/04/2019                                Accepted: 11/05/2019AbstractAn experiment was conducted at the Soils and Water Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt, in the year 2018, to study the effect of gamma radiation at different doses (zero, 40, 80 and 160 Gy) on growth and yield of wheat fertilized with 0.0, 120 and 240 N kg ha-1 as urea fertilizer. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results revealed that, straw and grains yields were significantly fluctuated between the increase and decrease, furthermore, under 80 Gy gamma rays, the highest value was 15.677 kg plot-1, observed at rate of 240 N kg ha-1 in addition to 80 Gy. Grains increased compared to all treatments and control. Under gamma rays, the highest values of straw and grains were 9.974 kg plot-1 and 15.677 kg plot-1 observed rate of 240 kg ha-1 plus dose of 40 and 80 Gy radiation respectively. The data indicated that, N uptake by straw and grains, in non-irradiated treatments, were significantly increased with increasing the doses of nitrogen fertilizer levels 100 kg N fed-1 and gamma rays dose up to 80 Gy. Furthermore, the highest N uptake of 98.3 g plot-1 and 181.1 g plot-1 were observed at rate of 240 kg N ha-1 in addition to zero Gy, compared to control, whereas, under doses 80 Gy the highest values of N uptake were 120.1 g plot-1 and 195 g plot-1 which recorded with straw weight and grains yield, respectively.The Effect of Gamma Rays and Different levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Productivity of Wheat (Triricum aestivum L.)

Ahmed Moursy*(1) and Mazen Ismail(1)

(1). Soil   and   Water Research Department, Nuclear   Research   Center, Atomic   Energy   Authority, Abou-Zaabl, Egypt.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmed Moursy. E-mail address ahmad1a2m3@yahoo.com).

Received: 07/04/2019                                Accepted: 11/05/2019

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at the Soils and Water Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt, in the year 2018, to study the effect of gamma radiation at different doses (zero, 40, 80 and 160 Gy) on growth and yield of wheat fertilized with 0.0, 120 and 240 N kg ha-1 as urea fertilizer. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results revealed that, straw and grains yields were significantly fluctuated between the increase and decrease, furthermore, under 80 Gy gamma rays, the highest value was 15.677 kg plot-1, observed at rate of 240 N kg ha-1 in addition to 80 Gy. Grains increased compared to all treatments and control. Under gamma rays, the highest values of straw and grains were 9.974 kg plot-1 and 15.677 kg plot-1 observed rate of 240 kg ha-1 plus dose of 40 and 80 Gy radiation respectively. The data indicated that, N uptake by straw and grains, in non-irradiated treatments, were significantly increased with increasing the doses of nitrogen fertilizer levels 100 kg N fed-1 and gamma rays dose up to 80 Gy. Furthermore, the highest N uptake of 98.3 g plot-1 and 181.1 g plot-1 were observed at rate of 240 kg N ha-1 in addition to zero Gy, compared to control, whereas, under doses 80 Gy the highest values of N uptake were 120.1 g plot-1 and 195 g plot-1 which recorded with straw weight and grains yield, respectively.

Key word: Nitrogen fertilizer, Gamma rays, Wheat.

Full Paper in English: PDF

The Effect of Planting Dates and Varieties Interaction on Productivity and Some Morphological and Qualitative Traits of Fodder Beet (Beta vulgaris var. crassa)

Ahmad Mohanna(1) Entessar Al-Jbawi*(2) and Julnar Mansour(1)

(1). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, AL Baath University, Homs, Syria

(2). Sugar beet Research Department, Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: dr.entessara@gmail.com, dr.entessara@gcsar.gov.sy).

Received: 21/04/2019                                Accepted: 07/05/2019

Abstract

Fodder beet is a high production crop, and is a very promising crop to be grown in Syria, and attention has grown to the cultivation of this crop. However, recommended agronomic practices for maximizing productivity are limited. A field experiment was conducted in season 2017/2018 to study the effect of planting date and varieties interaction on the production, and some qualitative and morphological traits of five fodder beet cultivars (Caribou, Varians, SV Four 16, Tarine and Lipari). The experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split plots arrangement with three replicates, planting dates (mid Feb. and mid Mar.) were assigned to the main plots and fodder beet cultivars were allotted to the sub plots. The results of the statistical analysis exhibited the superiority of mid Feb. date as compared with mid-March for all the studied traits. Varieties exhibited highly significant (p≤0.05) differences in most of the studied characteristics except plant number per hectare. Lipari and Tarine surpassed the other varieties in terms of the production, morphology and qualitative traits. The conclusion is to plant fodder beet in mid-February time in Homs, Syria, to attain the highest yield, and quality traits of fodder beet crop. Also, the study recommends further trials identify optimum agronomic practices especially harvesting date, fertilization and spacing in the other sites in Syria.

Key words: Planting date, Fodder beet, Production, Morphological and qualitative traits.

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Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Seedlings Response to Potassium and Foliar Spray of Methanol under Drought Conditions Induced by Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG-6000)

Fadi Abbas *(1)  Entessar AL-Jbawi (2) and Mahmoud Al–Hamdan(3)

(1). Scientific Agriculture Research Center of Homs, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Sugar beet Research Department, Crops Research Administration, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Natural Resources Directorate, Scientific Agriculture Research Center of Homs, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Fadi Abbas. E-Mail: fadiab77@gmail.com).

Received: 24/09/2018                                Accepted: 14/11/2018

Abstract

This experiment was conducted at Homs Agriculture Research Center Lab, during 2014, using two monogerm sugar beet varieties (Rival and Semper), to study the effects of drought induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) on seedling stage, and the role of potassium and foliar spray of methanol in reducing the negative effects of drought. Plants thinned to one plant per polyethylene sac which contains 10 kg of soil. Three osmotic solutions (0, -3, -6 bar) were applied, using three levels of potassium sulfate (0, 1.5, 3 g/plant), besides spraying 25% of methanol (four times), one week after emergence, then one-week interval between treatments. Results showed a significant effect of osmotic potential on growth stages, because of that, the time needed to complete each stage increased with decreasing osmotic potential level. Potassium had no significant effect on the early growth stages (germination, cotyledon pairs), while this factor affected the following stages (first, second and third true leaves pairs) significantly. Methanol had no significant effect on the early growth stages (germination, cotyledon pairs and first true leaves pairs), while it affected the following stages (second and third true leaves pairs) significantly. The values of leaves dry matter, leaves area and net assimilation rate decreased with the reduction of osmotic potential, and the differences were significant. Also, potassium and methanol enhanced growth, and had a positive effect on these attributes significantly. Rival variety surpassed Semper in all of studied attributes.

Key Words: Drought stress, Potassium, Methanol, Seedling, Sugar beet.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Different Flour and Milk Additives from Soybean in Improvement of Chemical and Quality Characteristics of Bread

Mashhour Nawaf Ghanem*(1)

(1). Swieda Agriculture Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Sweida, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mashhour Nawaf Ghanem. E-Mail: mashhourghanem@gmail.com).

Received: 21/10/2017                                Accepted: 14/11/2017

Abstract

Bread is the widest product of food produces. In order to improve the chemical and quality of bread contents. This study was carried at As’swida Research Center and Directorate of Supply and Internal Trade laboratories in 2015. soy milk was added and soy flour at replacement levels of 10-20-30% to the wheat flour. The chemical analyses showed that the highest content of protein was in the 30% soy milk treatment. The 30% soy flour sample was superior in phosphor, potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents (31%- 0.36%- 0.07%- 0.09%) respectively. in comparison to control ‘wheat bread’ (0.18%-0.24%- 0.04%-0.07%) respectively. The highest content in nitrogen 3.34% was in the 30% soy milk treatment compared to 2.24% in control. Sodium was increased directly by increasing soy flour. The ash also increased with the increment of soy flour (2.9% compared to 1.9 in control). The quality characters were appropriated for all the treatments regarding to the non-adhesion of two pieces of loaf of bread, white brown color and maturity, with the superiority of taste and smell desired to the treatment 30% soy milk.

Keywords: Bread, Soybean, Soy milk, Soy flour.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Variance, Heritability, Genetic Advance and Correlation of Some Phenological, Morphological and Productivity Traits in Some Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes

Mohammad Nael Khattab*(1)

(1). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Nael Khattab. E-Mail:

Received: 11/03/2018                                Accepted: 06/10/2018

Abstract

In this study some of the phenological, morphological and productivity characteristics of six safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes (local, Thick orange 480 ،Acar 6، Syrian-1,  Gila and Son 11), were assessed using some genetic indicators (genetic and phenotypic variances, genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients, broad- sense heritability and genetic advance between seeds yield and its components) at  Dmsrkho site in Latakia governorate, during two seasons (2014/2015) and (2015/2016). Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with three replicates, to detect the genetic potentiality to be exploited to a maximum extent therefor, to determine the appropriate selectorial indices to improve safflower crop. Analysis of variance indicated that the genotypes differed significantly (P<0.05) for all studied characters, moreover, years effect and genotype by years interaction were significant for all studied traits. The values of mean and range revealed that there is wide variability among genotypes for most of the characters. The biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant, number of seeds per capitulum, number of capitulum per plant, number of branches per plant and harvest index exhibited wide range and high PCV and GCV giving an opportunity for improvement through election. Besides, these characters also had narrow differences between the values of PCV and GCV showing least influence of environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance observed for seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, 100 seed weight, plant height and number of seeds per capitulum indicated that these traits are governed by additive gene action. Hence, there are good chances of improvement of these traits through direct selection. The highest phenotypic correlations were observed between seed yield with some traits such as: biological yield/plant and No. of capitula/plant, thus these traits, may be used for selecting high yielding genotypes.

Keywords: Safflower, Heritability, Genetic advance, Genetic variance, Phenotypic variance, Correlation coefficient.

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Variance, Heritability, Genetic Advance and Correlation Coefficient of Some Phenological, Morphological and Productivity Traits in Some Lentils (Lens culinaris M.) Genotypes

Mohammad Nael Khattab*(1)

(1). Crops Field Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Nael Khattab. E-Mail: aboalabd876@gmail.com).

Received: 20/09/2017                              Accepted: 08/11/2017

Abstract
The phenological, morphological and productivity characteristics of six lentil genotypes (Idlib 1, Idlib 2, Idlib 3, Idlib 4, Balade and Kurdi) were assessed, using some genetic indicators (genetic and phenotypic variance, genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients, broad- sense heritability, and the genetic advance between seeds yield and its components at Dmsrkho area, in Latakia during two seasons (2014/2015) and (2015/2016). Randomized complete block design with three replicates was used, in order to investigate as much as possible, the genetic power of the genotypes to exploit them to the fullest extent and determine the appropriate selectorial evidence to improve lentils crop. Analysis of variance indicated that the genotypes differ significantly (P<0.05) for all studied characters. Moreover, years, genotype and years by genotypes interaction were significant for all studied traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was slightly higher than genetic coefficient of variation, and heritability values were high for most traits, this indicates the dominance of genetic factors and the low impact of environmental factors. Seed yield/plant (g) had a significant, positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation on number of pods/plant (rg=0.905** and rph=0.907**), while hundred seed weight (rg=0.294** and rph=0.294**) and biological yield (rg=0.76** and rph=0.78**). Biological yield had significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with hundred seed weight (rg=0.62* and rph=0.59*) and seed yield (rg=0.93* and rph=0.95**). This indicates the possibility of selection for the biological yield through the selection of hundred seed weight and seed yield.

Keywords: Lentil, Heritability, Genetic advance, Genetic variance, Phenotypic variance, Correlation coefficient.

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Productivity Evaluation of Three Introduced Quinoa Varieties under Central Highlands Conditions in Yemen

Mohammed Yaha Daws*(1) and Ahmed AL-Moallem(2)

(1). Central Highlands Regional Agricultural Research Station, Yemen.

(2). Northern Highlands Agricultural Research Station. Yemen. 

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Mohammed Dows. Email: mmydows1975@yahoo.com).

Received: 13/11/2017                              Accepted: 25/12/2017

Abstract

The experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Middle Heights, during 2014 and 2015 seasons. Three varieties of Quinoa were used i.e. Ames 13762, NSL 106398 and Ames 137, which were introduced from International Center for Bio Saline Agriculture (ICBA), and they were selected out of five varieties that were grown as observation lines in 2013, to get one variety, high forage and grain yields, also suitable for the local conditions. RCBD design with four replications was used. The traits that were studied were: Earliness, plant height, flowering at 50%, green forage, grain and dry matter yields. Results indicated that there were highly significant (p≤0.01) differences between seasons and varieties in respect to plant height, green forage, dry matter and grain yields. While, no significant effect for the interaction between varieties and seasons overall growth performances. Results indicated that seasons have significant effects on the green forage, grain and dry matter yields at p≤0.01 and p≤0.05. Ames 137 variety produced significantly higher green forage yield (58.88 t/ha) compared with NSL 106398 (37.13 t/ha) and Ames 13762 (50.38 t/ha) and has superiority in dry matter yield (23.75 t/ha) on same varieties, which recorded 15.13 and 19.50 t/ha respectively, and followed by NSL 106398. Results also showed high significant effect of the seasons on plant height, green forage, grain and dry matter yields. Season 2014 was the best, which recorded (151  cm), (52.33 t/ha), (1.6t/ha) and (20.83  t/ha) respectively, compared with 2015 season. Ames 137 variety has gained the highest degrees for animal receptiveness and farmer’s evaluation. The study recommended to use Ames 13762 for grain production, and Ames 137 for forage production.

Key words: Productivity traits, Quinoa varieties, Yemen.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Genetic Behavior of Some Quantitative Traits of Yellow Maize (Zea mays L.) Single Crosses

Ali Wannows*(1) Samir AL Ahmad(2) Ghassan AL Lahham(1) Razan AL Najjar(1)  Elias Aweel(1) and Reem AL Mansour(1)

(1). Maize Research Department, Crops Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center of Tartous, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ali Wannows. E-Mail: aliwannows@yahoo.com).

Received: 11/02/2017                           Accepted: 27/03/2017

Abstract

Half diallel set of crosses between six inbred lines of maize were executed at Maize Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria, during 2010 and 2011 seasons to study heterosis, general and specific combining ability components for grain yield (ton/ha), ear height, length and diameter (cm), and silking date (day)  compared with control varieties Basel-1 and the hybrid Spirou S-4-985 to identify the best hybrid in terms of yield. Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replicates. General (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability mean squares of the inbred lines, and crosses were significant for all traits, except SCA mean square for ear height. This showed the contribution of additive and non-additive gene action in those traits. The ratio of σ2GCA/σ2SCA showed the dominance of additive gene action for ear height and length, but non-additive gene action for grain yield, and silking date. On the other hand, it indicated additive and non-additive gene action for ear diameter. Heterosis of all hybrids for all traits was significant compared with mid and better parents. The results confirmed that the lines IL.766-06, and IL.792-06 had a good GCA for grain yield, while four hybrids had a good SCA, which means the necessity to be included in yield trails, specifically the hybrid (IL.459-06 × IL.292-06) for grain yield.

Key words: Maize, Half diallel cross, GCA, SCA, Heterosis.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Seed Rate, Spray with Sorghum Water Extracts and Weeding on Wheat Yield (Triticum durum L.)

Sami  Al-Rajjo*(1)Ahmad Mouhanna(1) and Fadi Abbas(2)

(1). Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(2). Scientific Agriculture Research Center of Homs, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Sami Al-Rajjo. E-Mail: sami.rajjo@yahoo.com).

Received: 20/01/2017                           Accepted: 20/03/2017

Abstract

This research was conducted at Tal Shnan village, located at the eastern of Homs city, Syria during 2012/2013 growing season, using hard local wheat cultivar, Sham 5, to study the effect of seed rates (120, 150, 180, 210 kg/ha), spray with different parts of sorghum water extracts using different, and weeding on wheat yield and weeds accompany with the crop. Results showed that seed rate (180 kg/ha) achieved the highest biological yield and grain yield. Harvest index was increased with increasing seed rate. While, dry weight and number of weeds in 1m2 were decreased with increasing seed rate. Spray with sorghum water extracts (1:10) by 5 L/ha after 60-80 days of sowing caused an increment in biological and grain yields. Also, a decrement in dry weight and number of weeds in 1m2. Water extract of the stems achieved the highest values, followed by (stems+roots), then (stems+leaves) extracts, while (leaves+roots) attained the lowest values. This study concluded that sorghum water extract of the stems achieved a significant increment in wheat yield.

Key words: Seed rate, Sorghum water extracts, Weeding, Wheat.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF