Mary Hosh^(1)*

(1). Department of Plant Protection، Faculty of Agriculture، Tishreen University، Lattakia، Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Mary Hosh,  E mail: maryhosh@gmail.com).

Received:10/07/2023          Accepted: 10/07/2023

Abstract: 

A laboratory study was conducted in 2021 in the Faculty of Agriculture – Tishreen University to find out the effect of using aqueous extracts of the leaves of the radish plant Raphanus sativus L. at concentrations of 1، 0.5، 0.25% on the growth and development of the fungal colony of Fusarium oxysporum، Botrytis cinerea، Trichoderma sp. Cultivated in Petri dishes، where the effectiveness of the aqueous extract of radish leaves was shown in reducing the growth of the three mentioned fungi at the three concentrations used in a row، especially the 1% concentration، at which the The average diameter of the fungal colony of the three fungi was 2.83، 1.50، 3.51 cm، respectively، compared to the untreated control، which was 6.33، 6.93، 10 cm respectively.

Key words: Aqueous Extracts، Radish، Raphanus sativus L، Fusarium oxysporum، Trichoderma sp.، Botrytis cinerea،.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yasser Hammad ⁽¹⁾, Majd Darwish ⁽¹⁾and Habib Habib ^(1)*

(1). Department of Soil Science, Tishreen University, Lattika, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Habib Habib, E.mail: abo.ward.habeeb.2021@gmail.com)

Received:10/07/2023          Accepted: 19/09/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in the fields of Al-Hara village of Al-Muzairah during the agricultural season 2021 using Virginia VK51 tobacco seedlings, according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates for each treatment in order to study the effect of treatment with some biofertilizers of growth-inducing PGPR bacteria on the growth, productivity and quality of tobacco plants compared to By unqualified witness. Some morphological and physiological characteristics were determined: such as plant height, total leaf area (m2/plant), yield of green and air-dry leaves (kg/dunum), and the content of air-dried tobacco leaves of biochemical compounds (total protein, soluble sugars, and nicotine (%)). The treatment with PGPR bacteria led to an increase in plant height and the total leaf area of the plant, and gave the highest yield of green leaves (3250 kg / dunum) and dry leaves (700 kg / dunum), especially when treated with organic fertilizer and a mixture of PGPR bacteria, and the quality characteristics of the tobacco leaf also improved dry as the percentage of total protein and nicotine decreased and the percentage of total soluble sugars increased. Based on the foregoing, it can be suggested to use the method of composting with a mixture of bacterial species on a larger scale, due to its significant role in stimulating the growth of Virginia VK51 and improving the quality of the resulting tobacco

Keywords: biofertilizers, PGPR, Virginia tobacco.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Merna Mohammad^*(1) and  Osama Radwan ⁽¹⁾

(1). Forestry and Environment Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Merna Mohammad. E-Mail: mernamhmad44@gmail.com) .

Received:21/06/2023       Accepted:18/10/2023

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in the Quercus cerris .subsp. pseudocerris forest in Slonfeh – Lattakia governorate in the Syrian coastal mountains region. This research aims to estimate the growth and wood yield of Quercus cerris .subsp. pseudocerris trees located in the Katif Alazzer region in Lattakia Governorate and to establish a database for the Cilician fir forest (diameters – heights – wood volume) using traditional inventories. Field measurements were conducted in the summer of 2021. Thirty circular samples were taken, the area of each sample was 400 square meters include all the variations in the site. Tree diameters measured in all samples ranged between 38.82 ± 28.86 cm, and height values for trees in all samples ranged between 20.36 ± 18.03 m.The results showed that the average diameter of Quercus trees in the studied site was 33.17 cm, and the average height was 19.46 m, while the amount of woody volume amounted to 311.25 m³ /ha at the age of 85 years, with a tree density of 324 per hectare,While the annual growth rate was 3.66 m³/ha/year.The results also showed that the highest value of the base area, which amounted to 21.69 m², was in sample No. (2), and the lowest value of the base area amounted to 0.66 m², and it was in sample (16). As for the wooden stock, a value of 17.34 m³ was recorded in sample No. (2), and the value It is 8.24 m³ in the sample (13).

Keywords: Quercus cerris subsp. pseudocerris, Wood volume, Height, productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Maha Barakat^(1)* and Osamah Radwan⁽¹⁾               

(1).Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen Unversity, Latakia, Syria

(*corresponding    author: Maha Barakat, E-mail: maha.b.1987@hotmail.com).

Received:14/07/2023       Accepted:25/09/2023

Abstract: 

During this research, we created a forest database for the Kiliki fir forest (diameters – heights – wood productivity) in the fir forest in the Slunfeh area of  the Latakia governorate during the years 2021-2022 using traditional inventory, which will allow those in charge of the forestry process to preconceived for any  organization and management plan of these forest groups.The results showed that the average diameter at breast height of the samples was 38.9 cm and the average height was 15.1 m, The average base area was 107,426 m2/ha, While the average value of the wood productivity was 846 m3/ha, with an average density of 798 trees/ha.And  the superiority of the northwest slope over the rest of the slopes In terms of the values ​​of the base area and wood productivity, Where the value of the average base area was 143.2 m2 / ha, The average wood productivity was 1131.4 m3/ha, While the eastern slope achieved the lowest values ​​in terms of the average base area was ​​56.4 m2/ ha, and the average wood productivity was 431.8 m3/ ha. The measured trees were distributed according to their diameters within 5 rows with a range of approximately (10 cm) between one row and the other. The coefficient of determination R² for the Parable model is about (0.5-0.7) which is a good value, This means that the used  model can explain about (50-70)% of the changes

 in the height values ​​computed on the basis of the values ​​of diameter over breast height at a significant level of 5%.

Keywords:  Cilician fir, Wood Productivity, Cedar and Fir Reserve ,  Slunfeh , Reserves.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reem Fayad^*(1)

(1).Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Dr. Reem Fayad. Email: fayadr788@gmail.com)

Received: 15/05/2023                            Accepted:8/10/2023

Abstract: 

Climate-smart agriculture is one of the most important strategies that enable adaptation to global climate changes and mitigate their effects on agricultural production in light of the increasing pressure on Natural resources and the increased need for food. It is not possible to achieve the requirements of sustainable agricultural development without adopting an approach that enables facing climatic challenges and guarantees the stability of agricultural production. In Syria, regenerative agriculture projects emerged as the nucleus of smart agriculture, which were implemented from February 2021 to September 2022 in six main governorates, which proved their effectiveness and achieved results. Positive application in terms of production, quality and economic feasibility, which can be considered an important step towards achieving sustainable agricultural production.

Keywords: climate change, climate smart agriculture, regenerative agriculture, sustainable development.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rasha Baddour *⁽¹⁾ , Jihad Ibrahim⁽¹⁾ and  Rabee Zainah⁽²⁾

(1). Department of soil sciences and water ,faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia,Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific and Agricultural Research,Damascus,Syria

(*Corresponding author:  Rasha Baddour.Email: rasha.r.baddour@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received:  2/08/2023             Accepted:  27/10/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out during fall season on silty clay soil at the Center for Scientific Agricultural Research in Latakia (Stakhris Station) in 2019, where the study included four treatments (T0 control without mechanical disturbing of the subsoil layer, LT0 treatment of mechanical disturbing of the subsoil layer only, T1 addition of 1 kg/dunam of Potassium humate during mechanical disturbing, T2 (addition of 2 kg/donum of potassium humate during mechanical disturbing). The results showed a significant decrease in bulk density after mechanical disturbing by 0.14 g/cm³ compared to the control, and the addition of potassium humate in treatment T2 enhanced this decrease to reach 0.16 g/cm³. Mechanical disturbing of the subsurface soil layer improved the total porosity percentage, as it reached 50.51% in the LT0 treatment after it was 46.34% in the control treatment. Potassium humate contributed to improving the total porosity percentage in the subsurface soil layer, reaching 50.63% and 52.49% for the T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. Mechanical disintegration and the addition of potassium humate also improved the size of air pores larger than 10 microns, as their size increased significantly with mechanical disintegration by 5.9% and 6.68% in the LT0 and T2 treatments, respectively. While pores less than 0.2 microns decreased with mechanical disturbing and at addition levels T1 and T2, especially at addition level T2, bringing this decrease to 2.83% compared to the control. Adding potassium humate at a higher concentration enhanced both vegetative growth and production indicators, as the T2 treatment was significantly superior in terms of average plant height (48.43 cm) and average leaf surface index (2.18) compared to the control. Both the percentage of dry matter increased by (1.54%) and starch by (1.374%) significantly in treatment T2 compared to the control. The average production of treatment T2 was significantly higher than the rest of the treatments, as the average production increased with disassembly only by 5.9%, which is a non-significant increase. Adding potassium humate improved production, as it increased significantly by 13.7% and 32.4% in treatments T1 and T2, respectively. Therefore, we recommend adding potassium humate at a rate of 2 kg/dunum during mechanical disturbing of compressed subsurface soil layers, taking into account follow-up research to determine the optimal addition rate for crops and different types of soil.

Keywords: mechanical disintegration ,  potassium humic,   potato , bulk density,  productivity,  subsurface soil layer.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Ruba Hamad^*(1), Mahmoud Ali⁽¹⁾ and Ola Merhej⁽²⁾

(1). Forestry & Ecology Department- Agriculture Faculty- Tishreen University- Latakia- Syria.

(2). General Organization of Remote Sensing- Department of Coastal Region- Latakia- Syria.

(^*Corresponding author:  Ruba Sohail Hamad, E- Mail:  rubaihamad08@gmail.com, mobile phone:  0991265560)

Received:  19/6/2023             Accepted:  24/10/2023

Abstract: 

Forest fires are a frequent phenomenon in the forests of the Mediterranean region in general and cause significant changes in the forest vegetation cover.  To understand how fires affect the structure of forests, it is necessary to study the characteristics of plant communities, their mechanisms of regeneration and the way they respond to the most important indicators associated with the occurrence of fires (heat and smoke).  In this study, the cross-line method was used to calculate the Relative Important Value (RIV) of the plant species in both the burned and unburned areas in Kfardabeel afforestation site in Jableh region (Lattakia), to know the effect of the fire that occurred on 9/10/2020 on natural regeneration of Pinus pinea L. and to calculate Indicators of plant biodiversity, taking into account both the dominance and relative abundance of plant species.  The results of the study showed that there were significant differences between the control group and the burned groups, where the Relative Important Values of Pinus pinea were decreased after the fire and its regeneration was acceptable on both the southern and northern slopes and very low on the western slope.  the Relative Important Values of the plant species that were dominant before the fire were also decreased, such as Genista acanthoclada DC. and Calycotome villosa (Vahl.) Link, in addition to the emergence of new plant species after the fire, such as Cistus salviifolius L. and Poterium spinosum L.  It was also shown that the values of Shannon and Simpson’s indeces were increased in the burned forest groups compared to the control group as a result of the decrease in the dominance of some plant species, the most important of which was Pinus pinea.  At the same time, the number of plant species adapted to the conditions after the fire was  increased, which contributed to an increase in plant biodiversity after the fire- especially on the northern slope.

Key words:  plant biodiversity, Pinus pinea L. (Stone pine), fires, natural regeneration, Kfardabeel Site.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ola Kajo^{(1) *}

(1). Field crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ola Kajo,E-Mail: olakajo0932@yahoo.com , 0932663764).

Received:25/07/2023          Accepted: 25/09/2023

Abstract: 

This research was conducted in the Zagrin region (Lattakia) during the growing season 2022 in order to study the effect of two important factors on the growth and yield of the sunflower crop (the Baladi variety), which are the irrigation intervals, as the first factor, which are (4, 8, 12 days) between one irrigation and the other, and the plant density. As a second factor with two levels 11.11, 5.55 plants/m², and the overlap between them.  The experiment was conducted using the Randomized complete blocks design with three replication. The results showed that there is a significant effect of irrigation intervals; The irrigation treatment every 4 days was superior to each of the two irrigation treatments every 8 and 12 days in most of the studied traits and gave the highest yield of seeds per unit area (3721 kg/ha), as well as the highest percentage of oil in the seeds (38.57%). As for the effect of plant density; The high plant density of 11.11 plants/m² was superior in the yield of a unit area of seeds (3517 kg/ha), while the highest percentage of oil in the seeds (37.95%) was obtained when planting at a low density of 5.5 plants/m². The results of the interaction between the two factors of the study showed that the highest yield of seeds was recorded at close irrigation periods (every 4 days) and cultivation at a high density of 11.11 plants/m² (4452 kg/ha), while the highest percentage of oil was recorded when irrigating every 4 days and the plant density 5.5 plants/m², which amounted to (39.43%).

Keywords: sunflower, irrigation intervals, plant density, yield, oil.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Osama kadro^(1)*, Jihad Ebrahim⁽¹⁾, Rabiaa Zaini⁽²⁾,ola kajo⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Osama Kadro., E-mail: osamakadro7777@gmail.com   Phone : 0939619282).

Received:20/05/2023          Accepted: 25/09/2023

Abstract: 

This research was conducted within the agricultural scientific research center in Latakia (stakhiris station) for the year 2022, where the design of full random sectors was used with four different levels of pressure applied to Celtic clay soil (0 – 163 – 216 – 297 KPA), and three different levels of humidity (20 – 24 – 28 % by weight).  In order to study the effect of pressure and moisture during pressing on the bulk density changes and the distribution of the porous system of the soil with depth, the results also showed the obvious and significant effect of soil compression in the bulk density of the soil, in addition to the decrease in the size of the total porosity with increasing pressure, noting that the effect of pressure was decreasing with depth, as the compression of the soil in the surface layer (5-20 cm) led to an increase in the bulk density by 0.16 g/cm3 at a pressure of 163 KPA and an increase of 0.21 g/cm3 at a pressure of 216 KPA and an increase of 0.26 g/cm3 at a pressure of 297 KPA and humidity at a pressure of 297 KPA contributed to an increase in bulk density by 0.39 g/cm3 at a humidity of 28% The results showed that the air pores (larger than 10 microns) decreased with increasing pressure and humidity during compression in the surface layer (5-20 cm), where the size of these pores when treated without pressure reached 20.39% as an average relative to humidity and decreased significantly to 10.61%, i.e. by 9.78% at a pressure of 163 KPA, to 9.35% at a pressure of 216 KPA, i.e. by 11.04%, to 6.18% at a pressure of 297 KPA, i.e. by 14.21%, thus exceeding the limit value (12%) at the three pressures 163, 216 and 297 KPA, where the size of these pores reached 3.44% at a pressure of 297 KPA and a humidity level of 28%, It was also observed at a depth (5-20 CM) for pores with diameters (0.2 – 10) microns, which are the pores containing the water available to the plant, that they decreased with increasing pressure from 17.45% in treatment without pressure and at a humidity of 20% by weight to 16.41% at a pressure of 163 KPA, to 14.5% at a pressure of 216 KPA and to 13.26% at a pressure of 297 KPA and with increasing humidity during pressure the size of these pores decreases .

Keywords: soil compactness ,moisture content ,bulk density ,porous system, physical properties of the soil.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Manar Alreyahi * ⁽¹⁾ , Saleh Koubili ⁽¹⁾, Majd Darwish⁽¹⁾ and Nizar Moalla⁽¹⁾

(1). Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Manar alreyahi,  E-Mailm33manarm@gmail.com phone:0932166690 ).

Received:13/8/2023            Accepted: 24/10/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering – Tishreen University, the Tobacco Research Center (Jableh) and the laboratories of the Atomic Energy Commission in Damascus. Seeds of two tobacco varieties (Baladi (Shak Al-Bent) and Virginia) were exposed to five levels of gamma radiation(0-100-200-300-400gy), To study the effect of gamma radiation treatment on the length, width, Length / Width ratio and area of middle leaf and plant yield of green leaves. The results showed the positive effect of treatment with dose (100 gy) of gamma radiation on all studied traits,  The green leaf length increased from (29.15 cm) and (47.32 cm) in the control treatment for both the Baladi and Virginia cultivars to (31.87 cm) and (53.72 cm), respectively,  The same treatment also increased the width of the leaf to (13.7 cm)  and (27.61 cm) in the two varieties, compared to (13.2 cm) and (24.7 cm) in the control treatment. The green leaf area increased in both studied cultivars from (275.4 cm²) and (750.7 cm 2) in the control treatment to (316.77 cm²) and (948.74 cm 2) in the treatment (B = 100 gy), which also gave the highest yield of green leaves (384 g). for Baladi and (1820g) for Virginia compared to the control and other treatment.  Increasing dose of gamma radiation had a negative effect on all studied traits, The leaf length decreased to (19.8 cm) in Baladi and (34.05 cm) in Virginia. As well as , the leaf width decreased to (8.5 cm) in Baladi and (17.57 cm) in Virginia. The green leaf area decreased to (116.24 cm2) in Baladi and (386.24 cm²) in Virginia, as well as the plant productivity of green leaves reached the lowest value (196.5g) in Baladi and (415g) in Virginia when treated with the high dose (E=400 gy). We recommend using low doses of gamma rays as a growth and production stimulant

Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum, Gamma rays, Yield,  leaf area.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf