Omran Faour^(1)*    and    Maher Oda Bashi⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hama University, Hama, Syria.

(2). Department of Public Health and Prevention Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hama University, Hama, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Omran faour, E.mail: omran.faour@gmail.com ).

Received: 13/09/2023                Accepted: 19/12/2023

Abstract: 

Contamination of cow milk by Salmonella is a risk source to health of consumers because it causes food poisoning when it is consumed, so this study aimed to determine the prevalence of contamination by Salmonella in cow milk in the markets of Hama city. The study was conducted on 120 samples of cow milk offered for sale in shops in the markets of Hama city, which were collected randomly from different parts of city (east – west – north – south) with equal numbers. The results of bacterial isolation and biochemical tests showed that 8 samples of cow milk out of 120 samples taken from the markets of Hama city were positive. The overall prevalence of contamination by Salmonella in cow milk in Hama city was 6.67%. The highest prevalence of contamination by Salmonella was in east part, reaching 13.33%, while the lowest prevalence of contamination by Salmonella  was in west and south parts, where it amounted to 3.33%. These results are an indication of a risk on the health of consumers, as Salmonella is among the pathogens of foodborne diseases, which threat public health in community.

Key words: cow milk,  salmonella,  microbial contamination,  Hama city.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Roula Bayerli ^(1)*

(1).  Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Dr. Roula Bayerli. E-Mail:  roula.bayerli@damascusuniversity.edu.sy).

Received: 10/10/2023         Accepted: 10/12/2023

Abstract: 

The present study was carried out in Homs province, Syria, during the period from 2021-2022, to study the effect of treatment with humic acid (0, 5, 10 g/l), and foliar application with yeast extract (0, 3, 6 g/l) and their interactions on growth and productivity of potato plant cv. Sponta. The chemical analysis was carried out in the laboratories of Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University. The study contains 9 treatments and the data was calculated using Simple Random Design. The combination treatment of humic acid (10 g/l) and yest (6 g/l) resulted in the best morphological parameters (57.06 cm, 3.50, 150.54 cm² for plant height, stem number/ plant and leaf area respectively), physiological parameters (22.24 %, 17.25 %, 8.77 % for dry matter, starch, total soluble solids, respectively), and productivity parameters (3.03, 225.07 g, 30.32 ton/ hectare for tubers number/ plant, tubers weight, productivity). The lowest values for all studied parameters, however, were obtained in control plants.

Key words: Potato, Sponta, Humic Acid, Yeast, Growth, Productivity.

Full Paper in English: pdf

Dyala Ahmad*⁽¹⁾ , Mazen Nassour⁽¹⁾ and Ali Othman⁽²⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Agriculture College, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). General commission for Fish Resources Development, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dyala Ahmad  E-Mail: Tarahwlt@gmail.com).

Received: 24/10/2023                        Accepted: 20/12/2023

Abstract: 

The aim of this research was to study the possibility of relying on organic fertilizers (compost of fish pond sediments) to produce chrysanthemum grandiflorum L. in greenhouses with the aim of reducing mineral fertilization. The experiment was designed by complete randomized blocks  With 7 treatments: (T1) Control  (Farmer), (T2) and (T3) 1/2 Farmer  with 2 or 4 kg/m² compost of fish pond sediments, (T4) and (T5) 1/4 Farmer treatment with 2 or 4 kg/m² compost, (T6) and (T7) Adding compost alone at an amount of 2 and 4 kg/m², respectively. T1 and T3 showed superiority on other treatments in most vegetative parameters, with priority for give T3 that recorded   higher values ​​for plant height (118.3 cm), number of leaves per plant (158.5 leaves/plant), average number of stem on the plant (12.15 stem), and leaves  area. (2601 cm2) and its index (11.56), and improvement  the root parameters, so treatment T3 achieved the higher  results  ​​in size of root  (26.5 cm³) and dry matter ratio (21.61%). The three treatments T1, T3 and T5produced higher number of flowering stems ,and longerity of the flowers cut stems, with priority for T3 (4.7 flowering stem), in addition to highest flowers diameter of (9.2 cm). The positive effects were notably reflected on the economic efficiency, T3 achieved the highest profitability coefficient (149.51%) with the best total profit (9,505,000 Syrian pounds per greenhouse).

Keywords: chrysanthemum, compost of fish pond sediments, growth, flowering.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mazen Nassour ⁽¹⁾ and  Hussam Hdaiwah^{* (1)}

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Hussam Hdaiwah , E-mail: Hussam. hdaiwah76@gmail.com)

Received: 24 /09/2023                                    Accepted: 27 /11/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Lattakia in cooperation with the Horticulture,soil and water sciences departments in Tishreen University, Faculty of Agriculture during the season (2020-2021). This research aimed to study the effect of the use of Gibberellic acid with three levels   (50,100,150 ppm)and Benzyladinine with three levels  (25,50,100 ppm) on vegetative growth ,flowering production, and formation of new cormels of Freesia ( Freesia hybrida,cv. Yellow freesia old fashion), Gibberelline and Benzyladinine were used spraying on vegetative part   two times, 30 days after planting and one month after the first one. The experiment was designed by the complete blocks design with seven treatments  and three  replicates,30 plants at replicate. The results showed a positive effect of Gibberelline and Benzyladinine with high levels  on vegetative growth,  It also showed a positive effect on flowering,and  increasing  size and number of cormels on plant. The effect of  Benzyladinine at  increasing average number of leaves on the plant (8.53 leaf) better than  Gibberelline (7.95 leaf), but the effect of Gibberelline was clear on surface foliage (398.7 cm² )and foliage index (2.66). Benzyladinine showed high effect at increasing of total chlorophyll(4.64 mg/g) compared with Gibberelline(3.89 mg/g). Benzyladinine treatments showed superiority on Gibberelline treatments in most of flowering parameters (number of spikes, number of flowers by spike,flower length). Benzyladinine treatments recorded higher values of cormels yield (7.33 cormel/plant) compared with Gibberelline (4.21 cormel/plant)

Keywords: Freesia, Gibberelline GA3, Benzyladinine BA ,growth, productivity.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Bassam Al-Boustany^(1)*,  Nidal Soufan⁽²⁾ and Osama Al-Abdullah⁽³⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Homs, Syria

(2). Assistant Professor, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria

(3). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Bassam Al-Bustani. Email: bssamalbostany@gmail.com).

Received:4/10/2023                Accepted:24/12/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Homs/Syria, in the fall of 2020, on the local garlic variety Kaswani, with the aim of studying the effect of foliar spraying with different concentrations of baking yeast, folic acid, and seaweed extract on the crop’s growth and productivity. The experiment included seven treatments (see C, foliar spraying with a dry yeast suspension, two concentrations (7.5 and 10 g/l) S2 and S1, foliar spraying with folic acid, two concentrations (20-30 g/l) FA1 and FA2, foliar spraying with seaweed extract Alga 600, two concentrations (2, 4 g/l). 1Alga and 2Alga. The results showed that the two treatments (S2) foliar spray with baking yeast extract at a concentration of 10 g/l and (Alga2) with seaweed extract Alga 600 at a concentration of (4 g/l) were significantly superior in terms of plant height, reaching (91.55) cm in both treatments compared to the control. (83.31 cm). (S2) also significantly outperformed all treatments in terms of the number of papers except for the two treatments (Alga2 and FA2), and the number of papers in them reached (10.20 – 9.73 – 9.19), respectively, while it was in the control (8.91). In terms of paper area, the results showed that (S2) was significantly superior to all treatments with a value of (386.7 cm2), and in the rest of the treatments, including the control, it ranged between (270.7 and 315.6) cm2. In terms of productivity indicators, the results showed that (S2) was significantly superior to all treatments in clove weight (1.624) grams, and in the control (1.38 grams), and (S2) was significantly superior to all treatments in bulb weight and productivity with a value of (53.49 grams, 2.675 kg). /m2) with the exception of the treatment (Alga2) in both indicators (50.94 grams, 2.547 kg/m2) compared to the control (35.99 grams, 1.799) kg/m2. While (Alga2) was significantly superior to all treatments in the number of lobes (33.66) lobes, and the lowest number in the control was (26.1) lobes.

Keywords: garlic, cassava variety, foliar spray, baking yeast, folic acid, seaweed extract.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammad Mardiny^{(1) (2)*}, Mohammad Abdullah⁽²⁾, Kenen Kamal deen⁽³⁾

(1). Technology Transfer Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University.

(3). Administration of Socio-economics Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mohammad Mardiny, E-Mail: Mardiny1981@gmail.com)

Received: 29/10/2023         Accepted:27/11/2023

Abstract: 

The research aimed to study the indicators of adoption and factors affecting the adoption level of chemical fertilization and soil analysis technique by farmers in AL-Safira District in Aleppo, Based on a sample of 366 farmers during the seasons 2019/2020, 2020/2021, The results showed a low rate of adoption of soil analysis technology (reaching 37.2%), It turns out that all farmers adopt the date of phosphate fertilization, and 36.3% of farmers applied the recommended quantities of Phosphate fertilizer, While a large percentage (63.7%) add quantities higher than recommended. It also found that 45% of farmers adopt the date of nitrogen fertilization, about half of the farmers applied the recommended quantities of nitrogen fertilizer, 9.6% added quantities lower than recommended, and 41.5% added quantities higher than recommended. A significant negative relationship was shown between the adoption of soil analysis and farmer’s age, while there is a positive significant relationship between the adoption of soil analysis and each of: Educational level, Number of family members working in agriculture, Farmer’s attitude toward new ideas and his opinion of agricultural extension, Participation in extension activities, The presence of an extension unit in the village and Crop area. There is also a negative significant relationship between the rate of chemical fertilization and each of the independent factors: Farmer’s age, Number of agricultural plots, the lack of production requirements, and participation of family members in agricultural decisions, while there is a positive significant relationship between the adoption of chemical fertilization rate and each of: Farmer’s participation in extension activities, Use of Mass communication media, The presence of an extension unit in the village and farm ownership.

Keywords: Adoption indicators, Factors affecting adoption, Soil analysis, Chemical fertilizer, Wheat, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rola Ebrahem^(1)* , Ketam Edres ⁽¹⁾ and Nesren Edres⁽¹⁾

(1). Economic and Social Studies Department, Agriculture Research Center Homs, General Commission For Scientific and Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Dr. Rola Ebrahem, E.mail: roolaabrahem@gmail.com).

Received: 30/07/2023           Accepted: 27/11/2023

Abstract: 

The research has intended to identify the economic impact of Livestock Development project, which pursued small raisers in the Homs governorate, A random sample was used to include (4) villages from the Homs governorate. This sample actually contained (130) beneficiaries of the project by taking a percentage (10%) from the total number of beneficiaries, whereas total number of the beneficiaries’ project was (1303) as from the beginning of the project till the end of 2018. The results have shown that this project had a role in increasing the income for 47.6% of the beneficiary families, and it contributed to increase in household expenditures for 45.6% of the beneficiaries, while 16.5% of the families benefiting from the project increased their sources of income, and 49.5% of the households in the sample had an increase in their physical assets. The project also has contributed to an increase in spending on education for 22.3% of the beneficiary families in the sample. The results also have showed that there is a significant relationship between each of two independent variables: the increase in household expenditures, the increase in family spending on education, and the dependent variable: The role of the project in increasing the family income (at level significance 1%). The study has recommended to take interest and concentrate on the integrated development projects and establishing new development projects in accordance with the area requirements to reach the sustainable development to the region.

Keywords: Rural Development, Livestock  Development project, Rural Families, Homs governorate.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rahf Salman^*(1), Shabab Nasser ⁽²⁾, Wael  Habib ^(1), and Tayseer Hatem ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics. General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(^*Corresponding Author: Rahf Salman, E-Mail:   SoRahf2015@gmail.com) .    

Received: 9/10/2023           Accepted; 6/11/2023

Abstract: 

The study was conducted on a sample of autumn sugar beet farmers in Al-Ghab region / Syria for the season 2018/2019, through a questionnaire specially prepared for this purpose for a random sample of 80 farmers. The research aimed to estimate the production function of the fall loop sugar beet crop, using the “Douglas Cup” model. The results showed that the production of autumn sugar beet is carried out in the economic production stage, which is the second stage of the law of decreasing yields, according to the elasticities of the production elements less than one, it was found that there is a significant positive effect on the level of 1% for the use of phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers, irrigation water, pesticides and herbicides, which reached production elasticities of 0.163, 0.136, 0.313, 0.027 and 0.017 each, respectively. Summing up the productive elasticities of the productivity elements of the Cobb-Douglas function gives us the total elasticity of this function, estimated at only 0.853. It is positive elasticity and less than the correct one, which also indicates that beet production in the study sample is within the decreasing marginal production stage, and it was generally found that the sample farmers could not achieve optimal economic efficiency to use each of the basic inputs, there is a severe shortage in the use of phosphate fertilizer and irrigation water resource, for phosphorus fertilizer: The economic efficiency factor for its use in beet production was 3.3, which means that the value of the marginal product of this resource is 330% higher than its price, As for the amount of irrigation water: the economic efficiency factor for its use in beet production was 5.5, which means that the value of the marginal product of this resource is about five times higher than its price, as farmers must increase the quantities used of these two fertilizers to the extent that the value of the marginal product is equal to the marginal cost.

Keywords: Autumn Sugar Beet production, Production Function, Cobb-Douglas, Production Flexibility, Economic Efficiency.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

AyatZureik^*(1) , GhassanYaqoub ⁽¹⁾ and Nadia Safwat⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: AyatZureik, E-mail: ayatzriek@gmail.com)

Received:4/08/2023                Accepted: 7/11/2023

Abstract: 

The study included the three places in the governorate of Latakia (Village Fadeo and the area of ​​the seventh project and the village of Shamiya), and estimates were distributed that included the following information: the location of the facility, production requirements, and the amount of production, then production costs, and manufacturing costs, as well as packing and transportation costs. The results showed that the percentage of profit to total revenues was estimated at 38.68%, 11.92%, and 10.03%, respectively. for production costs amounted to (191.54%, 113.99%, 111.80%), respectively. As for production efficiency, it ranged between (1.20_1.82), and the average income per spending unit ranged between (1.10_1.63). The study proved that dairy and cheese manufacturing facilities can achieve guaranteed profits within a short period of time, if the necessary technical expertise and production requirements are available, and appropriate conditions are secured, while securing direct marketing of the product at reasonable prices because it is a perishable product and cannot withstand storage for a long time.

Keywords: dairy and cheese, manufacturing facilities, profitability coefficient, economic efficiency.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammed Dosh Al-daemes ^(1)*

(1). Department Of Food Science, Faculty Of Agricultural Engineering Al-Furat University.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammed Dosh Aldaemes. E-Mail: maldaames@yahoo.com + dr,aldaemes@yahoo.co

            Received:3/10/2023         Accepted:7/12/2023                                                                                

Abstract: 

This assay aimed to convey an idea of the best physicochemical properties in wheat grains and the rheological qualities of the dough required by experts and manufacturers of this material to researchers in the field of breeding and genetic improvement on this crop, Where the opportunity to develop this crop and increase production and productivity is still great, by following modern breeding methods in agriculture and conservation agriculture in some areas, and relying on genetic engineering to develop Syrian wheat cultivars, and knowing the impact degree of environmental conditions for plant growth on these characteristics, and how to control these conditions to reach the best production and best specifications of proteins in wheat grains, with the need to take some necessary procedures that lead to increasing the national product and maintaining the success of programs for the development and breeding of this crop.

Keywords: wheat breeding systems, physicochemical properties, rheological characteristics

Full paper in Arabic: pdf