Osama kadro(1)*, Jihad Ebrahim(1), Rabiaa Zaini(2),ola kajo(3)
(1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.
(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.
(3). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Osama Kadro., E-mail: osamakadro7777@gmail.com Phone : 0939619282).
Received:20/05/2023 Accepted: 25/09/2023
Abstract:
This research was conducted within the agricultural scientific research center in Latakia (stakhiris station) for the year 2022, where the design of full random sectors was used with four different levels of pressure applied to Celtic clay soil (0 – 163 – 216 – 297 KPA), and three different levels of humidity (20 – 24 – 28 % by weight). In order to study the effect of pressure and moisture during pressing on the bulk density changes and the distribution of the porous system of the soil with depth, the results also showed the obvious and significant effect of soil compression in the bulk density of the soil, in addition to the decrease in the size of the total porosity with increasing pressure, noting that the effect of pressure was decreasing with depth, as the compression of the soil in the surface layer (5-20 cm) led to an increase in the bulk density by 0.16 g/cm3 at a pressure of 163 KPA and an increase of 0.21 g/cm3 at a pressure of 216 KPA and an increase of 0.26 g/cm3 at a pressure of 297 KPA and humidity at a pressure of 297 KPA contributed to an increase in bulk density by 0.39 g/cm3 at a humidity of 28% The results showed that the air pores (larger than 10 microns) decreased with increasing pressure and humidity during compression in the surface layer (5-20 cm), where the size of these pores when treated without pressure reached 20.39% as an average relative to humidity and decreased significantly to 10.61%, i.e. by 9.78% at a pressure of 163 KPA, to 9.35% at a pressure of 216 KPA, i.e. by 11.04%, to 6.18% at a pressure of 297 KPA, i.e. by 14.21%, thus exceeding the limit value (12%) at the three pressures 163, 216 and 297 KPA, where the size of these pores reached 3.44% at a pressure of 297 KPA and a humidity level of 28%, It was also observed at a depth (5-20 CM) for pores with diameters (0.2 – 10) microns, which are the pores containing the water available to the plant, that they decreased with increasing pressure from 17.45% in treatment without pressure and at a humidity of 20% by weight to 16.41% at a pressure of 163 KPA, to 14.5% at a pressure of 216 KPA and to 13.26% at a pressure of 297 KPA and with increasing humidity during pressure the size of these pores decreases .
Keywords: soil compactness ,moisture content ,bulk density ,porous system, physical properties of the soil.
Full paper in Arabic: pdf