Shadi Faskha^*(1)

(1) Tartous Agriculture Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Shadi Faskha. Email: Shadifaskha5@gmail.com)

Received: 9/04/2021         Accepted: 27/09/2021

Abstract:

An Analysis study of the current agricultural practices implemented during 2018-2019 was conducted in citrus orchards in Tartous Governorate, Syria. Through a questionnaire for 370 farmers, the results obtained showed that 97.57% of farmers add organic fertilizers, and 71.35% of them carry out the pruning process. As for pests, citrus rust mites and Mediterranean fruit flies were the most important pests with 48.4% and 47.6% of the subjects, respectively. The results also showed that 68.6% of farmers use chemical control in their orchards, and 44.5% of them used broad-spectrum insecticides (abamectin, acetamprid, thiamethoxam, thiosyclam, dimethoate and deltamethrin) whereas 55.5% of them used (mineral oil, sulfur, and copper). The results showed that 89.5% of the farmers considered that the applied biological control program was successful. On the other hand, the obstacles facing the cultivation and production of citrus were: low prices, marketing problems, high production input prices, high transportation and fuel wages, and adverse environmental conditions 45.14%, 27.3%, 19.46%, 4.59% and 3.51% of survey respondents, respectively. However, farmer’s educational level played a positive role in some implemented practices.
Key words: Citrus, Agricultural practices, Farmer’s Knowledge.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Samira Alagouri⁽¹⁾, Nadia Alrwab⁽¹⁾, Hussien Amgawer⁽¹⁾, Mohamed Idris Alshelmani^(2)*, and Emtinan Azalden⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Benghazi, Tocra Branch, Libya.

(2) Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohamed alshemani, E-mail mohammed.alshelmani@uob.edu.ly)

Received: 7/07/2021         Accepted: 29/09/2021

Abstract:

Hydatidosis/echinococcosis is parasitic disease caused by tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus (Echinococcus granulosus) and is considering as a serious problem in terms of general health or economy. The objective of current research was to show and summarize the available data on Hydatidosis in slaughter sheep in Tocra city. Samples were collected from different slaughter houses in the city, and the study was lasted from February to December, 2020. A total of 100 slaughtered sheep have been examined during the study period. Data were analyzed by chi square test. The results showed that infected sheep was 36% among the total animals (P=<0.0001). The infection was observed in the viscera, where the highest infection was 38.9%, 25%, 19.4% and 16.7% in the liver, lungs, intestine and heart, respectively. The infection in the liver was significantly (P=0.002) higher than lungs, and was significantly (P=0.01) higher in small intestine than that of heart.
Key words: Echinococcus granulosus , Hydatidosis, Echinococcosis, Tocra , prevalence.

Full paper in English: pdf

Dhafar Dh. Al- Khion* ⁽¹⁾, Hamid T. Al– Saad ⁽¹⁾ , Abdulaziz M.Abdullah ⁽¹⁾

(1) Marine science center , University of Basrah , Iraq .
(*Corresponding author: Dhafar khion, E-mail: dhifar.habeeb@uobasrah.edu.iq).

Received: 28/01/2022            Accepted: 27/06/2022

Abstract:

This study was conducted in Iraqi marine waters, It include 10 species of fishes and two species of shrimps ,sample were collected extent to ( 18 ) month in the period of May, 2010 to September, 2011 . The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbon were determined spectroflourometrically and the mean concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons in fish samples were in Otolithesruber muscles varied between ( 1.44 ) μg/gd.w. in September 2011 and ( 31.15 ) μg/gd.w. in July 2010 and in Johnieopssina muscles between ( 4.14 ) μg/gd.w. in January 2011 and (38.69) μg/gd.w. in May 2010 and in Tenualosailisha muscles between ( 1.72 ) μg/gd.w. in May 2011 and ( 54.46 ) μg/gd.w. in May 2010 and in Nematalosanasus muscles between ( 3.28 ) μg/gd.w. in January 2011 and ( 30.01 ) μg/gd.w. in July 2010 and in Synapturaorientalis muscles concentrations varied between ( 4.06 ) μg/gd.w. in May 2011 and  ( 37.11 ) μg/gd.w. in July 2011 and in Alepesmelanoptera muscles between (7.33) μg/gd.w. in November 2010 and (31.58) μg/gd.w. in May 2010 and in Scomberomoruscommerson muscles concentrations varied between ( 0.23 ) μg/gd.w. in January 2011 and ( 31.72 ) μg/gd.w. in May 2010 and in Chirocentrusnudus muscles between ( 6.34 ) μg/gd.w. in November 2010 and ( 35.65 ) μg/gd.w. in May 2011. and in Pampus argenteusmuscles concentrations varied between ( 10.82 ) μg/gd.w. in September2011 and (31.22) μg/gd.w. in July 2011 and in Liza subviridis muscles between (2.29 ) μg/gd.w. in January 2011 and ( 31.01 ) μg/gd.w. in July 2010 . and in Acanthopagrus latus muscles concentrations variedbetween (1.29 ) μg/gd.w. in May 2011 and ( 29.02 ) μg/gd.w. in July 2010 . In shrimpMetapenaeusaffinis concentrations variedbetween ( 9.11 ) μg/gd.w. in January 2011 and ( 21.06 ) μg/gd.w. in July 2011 and in shrimpThenusorientalis between ( 3.57 ) μg/gd.w. in January 2011 and ( 36.26 ) μg/gd.w. in July 2010 . The present study T. ilisha was occur high ability to accumulate hydrocarbons in muscles compared with other fishes.
Keyword: Hydrocarbons, fishes, shrimps, spectroflourometrically, Tenualosailisha.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ahmed A. Al-Salhi ⁽¹⁾ *, Sabah M. Al-Shatty⁽²⁾, and Eman A.Al-Imara⁽³⁾

(1)  Depart. of Animal Production, College of Agriculture and Marshes- University of Thi-Qar -Iraq.

(2)  Depart. of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq.

(3) Depart. of Biotic Evolution – Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author:   Dr.Ahmed Ali Kadhem Al-Salhi, E-mail: ahmed.a.k.alsalhi@gmail.com).

Received: 10/06/2022         Accepted: 6/08/2022

Abstract:

This study was conducted in the laying hens’ field belonging to the Department of Animal Production at the College of Agriculture at Basrah University from 27/12/2020 to 21/2/2021. It was carried out on 90 laying hens of the Lohmann Brown at 45 weeks. Randomly distributed to five treatments. Each treatment has three replicates, with six chickens per replicate. The treatments included, T1: Negative control treatment (basal diet without addition), T2: Positive control treatment, and the addition of dried skim milk at a level of (1gm / kg of feed). T3, T4, T5: add the manufactured bacterial preparation at a level of (0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg feed), respectively; To study the effect of the manufactured bacterial preparation in reducing the rates of contamination caused by laying hens. The results indicated that there was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the feces rate and logarithmic indicators of coliform bacteria, with a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the numbers of lactic acid bacteria in favor of the processed bacterial culture treatments compared to the two control treatments.

Keywords: Laying Hens Feces, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Coliform Bacteria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Asaad Al – Hilphy⁽¹⁾, Sabah Al – Shatty⁽¹⁾*, and Atheer Al – Mtury ⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Food Science, Collage of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah-Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Sabah M. H. Al – Shatty. E-Mail: sabahalshatty@gmail.com).

Received: 3/08/2021            Accepted: 3/10/2021

Abstract:

The research aimed to determine the physical properties of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) oil extracted by an infrared device and locally manufactured and to improve its properties by determining the optimal conditions for extraction and obtaining mathematical models that describe them accurately. These physical characteristics included the refractive index, density, specific gravity and viscosity. The results showed that the lowest and predicted practical values for the above characteristics were 1.4565, 1.4661, 0.892, 0.89, 0.78, 0.78, 2.99 and 3.25, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed the presence of a significant effect (P <0.05) of temperature, power, distance and interference between them. The results showed that the ideal conditions for improving the physical properties of infrared fish waste oil are: temperature 66.14 ° C, power 215.94 W, and distance 20.02 cm.
Keywords: Carp (Cyprinus carpio) viscera, Infrared radiation , Density, Viscosity and refractive index.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Naji Qaesm M. Shaddad ⁽¹⁾ , and Mohammed M. Dows*⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Animal production Faculty of Agriculture Aden University, Yemen.
(2) Pastures Department at the Central Highlands Regional Agricultural Research Station, Yemen.

(*Corresponding author:Eng.Mohammed M. Dows,Email:mohamed.daws2017@gmail.com).

Received: 13/04/2021               Accepted:27 /09/2021

Abstract:

The present study was carried out at the farm of Dairy Yemen in Thamar Governorate belonged to the Yemeni Economical Corporation on a total number of 351 records for 96 Fries in dairy cattle for their production period of 2005 to 2009. Data were analyzed using the computer program SAS (2004). Means of total milk yield, daily milk yield, and calving interval were 5444 kg., 15.62k,g, and 398daysy respectively. The calving Year had highly significant effects on total milk yield, daily milk, yield, and calving interval. Parity number had highly significant effects (p<0.01) on total milk yield, daily milk yield, and calving in the calvingalving Season had significant effects (p<0.05) on total milk yield, not significant daily milk yield, and calving interval.
Key Words: Cows, produce, standards, Milk, Yemen

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yasser Saeed Bahurmuz ⁽¹⁾* , and Mahrous Abdullah Bahwerth ⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Science, College of Education, Mukalla, University of Hadramout, Mukalla, Yemen.
(2) Department of Life Sciences, College of Science University of Hadramout, Yemen.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Yasser Bahurmuz, E-Mail: bahrmez@gmail.com).

Received: 26/02/2022              Accepted:13/04/2022

Abstract:

This study was conducted on three cultivars of date palms (Jazzaz, Socotrai, and Barhi) planted on Hadhramaut coast, Yemen in the agricultural season 2020 AD, with the aim of comparing some morphological characteristics of leaves and fruits among themselves, by studying some morphological characteristics of leaves and fruits, and the results were analyzed using complete sectors design. Randomization The obtained results showed that the cultivar factor had an effect on all the studied characteristics of the morphological characteristics of leaves, and the length and volume of the fruit in relation to the morphological characteristics of the fruits. In terms of leaves, Jazzaz cultivar was significantly superior in spines length and pinnaes length, It was 10.47 cm, 57.40 cm, and Socotrai cultivar was significantly superior in the number of leaves, It was 87.5 leaf, while the Barhi cultivar was significantly superior in leaf length and number of spines and Pinnae width and number of Pinnaes. It was 4.82 m, 29.08 spines, 3.43 cm, 209.2 Pinnaes, As for the fruits, the Jazaz cultivar was significantly superior in fruit length and volume, It was39.03 mm, 13.90 cm3.
Key words: date palm, Phoenxi dactylifera L. Morphological characteristics, leaves, fruits, Hadramout, Yemen.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abboud Al-Jasim ⁽¹⁾*

(1) Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Al Furat University, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abboud Al-Jasim, E-Mail: abboudaljasim@gmail.com).

Received: 11/03/2021                      Accepted:27/09/2021

Abstract:

The research was carried out during the two agricultural seasons 2020-2021 in Al-Hasakah Governorate, the village of Qana, which is located 25 km south of Hasakah, according to the design of complete random sectors with three replications, with the aim of studying the effect of the cultivation method on the formal and productive characteristics of the onion crop. Three varieties were used in the research. F1 hybrid of onions (Hercules, Montana, Early White). The study showed the superiority of the onion variety Hercules in most of the morphological characteristics, and the largest plant length was recorded after 60 days of germination, reaching 24.43 cm, the largest stem thickness was 0.66 cm, and the largest diameter of the dry head reached 5.7 cm. The Early White variety exceeded the plant height of the final harvest, recording 68.67 cm, and the dry head length and diameter (8.41 – 5.7) cm. The Hercules variety showed a significant superiority in most of the early and qualitative traits, as it recorded the lowest number of days for final maturity, which reached 184 days compared to the rest of the varieties, and the largest number of leaves on the plant reached (4) leaves, and the scaly leaves coated for the dry head reached (3.7) leaves, It also scored the lowest percentage of double bulbs, which was (0.333)%.Montana cultivar recorded the highest percentage of dry matter compared with the rest of the studied varieties, reaching (20.31)%.The two cultivars Earley White and Hercules were significantly superior in most of the productive traits, as they outperformed the dry head weight and achieved (131.1 – 130.1) g, respectively, and the productivity of one line of heads reached (39.34 – 39.02) kg respectively, and in the yield of the experimental piece, where It recorded (157.3 – 152.3) kg, respectively, and the highest productivity per unit area was (6556 – 6346) kg / min, respectively.
Key words: Hercules, Montana, Early White, quality, primacy

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Ahmad Yousef ⁽¹⁾ , Ghiath Alloush *⁽²⁾, and Ahmad Jaloul ⁽¹⁾

(1) Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
(2) Soil and Water Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Ghiath. Alloush, E-Mail: galloush@scs-net.org ).

Received: 24/03/2021             Accepted:10/06/2021

Abstract:

This study investigates the role of calcium and ammonium ions in the tolerance of tomato (variety Shanon) to salinity induced by NaCl salt in a Hydroponics experiment. The study included four treatments, all with a salt concentration of NaCl (75 mM). Two treatments grown with nitrate and two treatments were grown with ammonium nitrate (50:50), with or without a supplemental concentration of calcium of 25 mM. Growth and nutrient uptakes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, and Cl) were followed over 6 harvests between 0 and 32 days, both in shoots and roots. The experiment then continued up to fruiting. Fruits were counted, sized, and analyzed for vitamin C, acidity, and soluble solid substances. The positive effect of calcium supplement increased vegetative growth in the case of nitrate feeding only. In the case of a mixed feeding with NO3/NH4, it, despite the improvement in growth, was less significant. The supplemental calcium improved nitrogen, phosphorous, calcium and potassium uptake in the treatment of both forms of nitrogen supply while reducing magnesium and chlorine uptake. NH4NO3 increased the uptake of all nutrients compared to nitrates alone in the absence of additional calcium. Calcium increased the number of fruits, weight, diameter, and size in the case of nitrate feeding alone. In the case of the NH4NO3 nutrition, the increase was not significant in weight and the number of fruits. The supplemental calcium, except for the number of fruits per bunch, had no significant effect on any of these parameters in the treatment of NH4NO3. The supplemental calcium in the case of nitrate feeding only led to a significant increase in vitamin C and in the percentage of acidity. There were no significant effects of NH4NO3 feeding in any of the specific fruit characteristics compared to nitrate nutrition alone.
Keywords: Tomato, hydroponic culture, NaCl, Salinity, N form (NO3/NH4)

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Alaa Al Shaal* ⁽¹⁾, Ramzi Murshed ⁽¹⁾ , and Shahinaz Abbas⁽²⁾

(1) Horticulture Department, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
(2) Biotechnology Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Eng. Alaa Al Shaal. E-Mail: ashaal@gmx.net)

Received:12/08/2021           Accepted:29/09/2021

Abstract:

Eight hybrids of tomatoes, were studied during the two agricultural seasons of 2019-2020. Aiming to characterize some of the important hybrids cultivated in Syria depending on morphological and productivity traits. Studied hybrids were planted at Al-Taibeh research station, and the most important morphological and productivity traits were studied. Results showed variation among studied hybrids, FDR outperformed in main stem length, both number of flowers and fruits per cluster, yield per plant and total yield, while Bravia outperformed in fruit weight. The cluster analysis based on morphological and productivity characteristics showed that the studied hybrids were divided into two different groups, the first group included FDR only, and the second group included the rest of studied hybrids, which were divided into two sup groups. Correlation coefficient showed that there are significant correlations between the studied traits.
Key words: Tomato, morphological and productivity characterization, Correlation coefficient, hybrids, cluster analysis.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf