Category Archives: Hurticulture

Study the Productivity and Qualitative Characteristics of ‎Grafting Muskmelon Palmeta F1 on Some Pumpkins ‎Rootstocks in Al-Ghab Region

Bassam Ibrahim Alsayed*(1) Ahmad Majed Jalloul(1) and Nasr and Sheikh Suleiman(1)

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.  

 (٭Corresponding author: Eng. Bassam Ibrahim Alsayed. E-mail: bsssa2014@gmail.com).

Received: 07/12/2018                               Accepted: 31/01/2019

Abstract

This research was carried out at Al-Ghab, Hama Province, during the two agricultural seasons 2016 and 2017, to study the effect of some rootstocks on productivity quantitatively and qualitatively. The experimental design was randomized completely blocks design. The hybrid muskmelon Palmeta F1 was grafted on three rootstocks namely; Forza F1, Jawad F1, and Lagenaria siceraria. Mol, in addition to the control, and each treatment replicated 4 times. The results showed that grafting contributed to a significant increase in the average of total productivity and marketing, which attained the highest values in the plants grafted on pumpkin rootstock  Lagenaria siceraria. Mol (5.85, 5.29 tons/dunum) compared to the control (2.33, 1.98 tons / dunum), respectively. Also, the grafted plants showed a significant increase in the thickness of the cortex, the size of the seed cavity and the firmness of the fruits. The chemical content of the fruits showed a significant decrease in the ratio of dry matter and total soluble solids of the plants that were grafted on the Jawad F1, and pumpkin Lagenaria siceraria. Mol rootstocks compared with the control and the plants that were grafted on Forza F1 rootstock. While the fruits of the grafted plants had high content of vitamin C compared to the control which gave the lowest value (12.49 mg/100 g).

Keywords: Muskmelon, Grafting, Rootstocks, Productivity, Vitamin C.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

The Effect of IBA (Indol-3-Butyric Acid) Treatment on ‎Rooting of Some Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) ‎Rootstock Genotypes

Tharwat Salim Khaddour*(1) Hafiz Mohammad Mahfouz(1) and Mazen Ali Nassour(2)

(1). Scientific Agricultural Research Center of Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Tharwat Saleem Redwan. E-Mail: tharwat.redwan@yahoo.com). 

Received: 26/06/2019                               Accepted: 27/09/2019

Abstract

This study was conducted at glasshouse of ACSAD  nursery in Lattakia, during (2018 and 2019) using four genotypes of Rosa damascene (RD1, RD2, RD3 and RD4) treated with three different concentrations of IBA i.e.500, 1000 and 2000 ppm in addition to the control treatment 0 ppm, in order to determine the best concentration of IBA. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with two factors in four replicates. The results indicated that the use of  IBA encouraged the rooting at different rates according to the genotype and the concentration of IBA. Treatments (1000 and 2000) ppm were significantly higher than the other treatments in rooting rate (%(89.8- 88.27 respectively. The response of the rootstocks to IBA differed according to the studied genotypes. Genotypes RD1 and RD2 were superior when treated with 2000 ppm concentration in root percentage (90.2- 90.3)%, callus creation (80- 81)%, root number (8 and 8.1) and root length (5.41 and 5.4) cm respectively.

Keywords: Rosa damascena, Propagation, rootstock, Auxin IBA, Genotypes.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Pruning and Foliar Spray with Nutritious Solution ‎‎(Huzone) on Quality of Watermelon Fruit (Niagara cv.) Under ‎the Conditions of Deir Al-Zour Governorate

Fawaz Al-haji Abboud(1) Ibrahim Al-Shetewi(1) and Nada Huseen ALAmeir*(1)

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alfurat University, Deir Al-Zour, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Nada Huseen ALAmeir. E-Mail: nadaa10074@gmail.com).

Received: 16/11/2018                               Accepted: 29/01/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out during 2017 and 2018 at a private farm in Deir Al-Zour in Agawat area on red watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) Niagara cultivar. The aim was to study the effect of different methods of pruning and foliar spray with nutritious solution on the quality of watermelons fruit by using different concentrations of the nutrient solution (Husone) (0, 2, 4 and 6) cm3\l per plant. The first time of spray was at the second real leaf formation, and the second spray was at the beginning of , while the third application was before two weeks of fruits maturity. Four pruning methods were followed, the first (A) was to keep three stems per plant and keep one fruit in each stem, the second (B)  was to keep four stems per plant and keep one fruit in each stem, the third (C) was to keep five stems per plant and keep one fruit in each stem, and the control (without pruning). The experiment was laid out according to RCBD (factorial) with four replications. The results showed  that there was a significant effect of pruning and Husone concentration in all studied traits. The control (without pruning) and the concentration of 0 cm3/L achieved the highest percentage of moisture in the fruits, which attained (94-93.6%) for the first and second seasons respectively, while the lowest value was when the plants pruned with four branches and sprayed with a concentration of 6 cm /L of Husone. The highest value of soluble solids was achieved when using the pruning method (A) with a concentrations of (4 and 6) cm3/L for the first and second seasons, while the lowest value was attained in the control which was not sprayed with Husone and reached (0.10 and 0.11%) for the first and second seasons, respectively. The results showed that the interaction between the pruning and Husone concentrations had a clear effect on the content of ascorbic acid in fruits, which reached the highest content when using the pruning method (A) with a concentration of 6 cm3/L (9 and  9.8 mg/100 g) for the first and second seasons respectively. The values ​​decreased significantly in the control which was not sprayed with Husone. The highest fruit weight was achieved when using the pruning method (A) with a concentration of 4 cm3/L (9 and  10.7 Kg/fruit) for the first and second seasons respectively. while the lowest value was attained in the control which was not sprayed with Husone and reached (4.4 and 5 Kg/fruit) for the first and second seasons, respectively.

Key words: Watermelon, Nutrient solution (Huzone), Pruning, Fruits quality.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Planting Date and Plant Density on Growth and Yield of (Daucus carota L.) plants in Hama Governorate

Ahmed Mohamed Jarjanazi*(1)

(1). Second Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Jarjanazi. E-Mail: Jarjnazi1965@gmail.com.

Received: 24/11/2018                                Accepted: 16/01/2019

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of sowing the carrot (Daucus carota. Var. Nantes) on three dates (24/9, 8/10 and 23/10) and two densities: high (80) plants/m2 and low (40) plants/m2 under the conditions of Hama governorate, according to the split design. The early sowing showed a significant superiority over the other dates in all the studied traits (germination; maturity; length of leaves; length, diameter and weight of root; number of leaves per plant; fresh plant weight, and marketable productivity). The low density was significantly higher in the number of leaves per plant; length, diameter and weight of root, and fresh plant weight, while the opposite was noticed in terms of the length of the leaves and the marketable productivity. While the speed of germination and maturity were not affected with the plant density. In terms of the interaction between the date and the density, the plants that were sown on the first date at low density achieved the highest germination velocity; maturity; length, diameter and weight of root; number of leaves per plant and fresh plant weight (10 days, 118 days, 23.1 cm, 31.33 mm, 136 g, 15 leaves/plant, 158 g/plant, respectively), while the highest leaf length and marketable productivity (28 cm, 5.71 kg/m2 respectively) were achieved at the first date and high density.

Keyword: Carrot, Daucus carota, Sowing date, Density; Marketable productivity.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity in Prunus ursina KY Genotypes in the Syrian Coast

Wafaa Choumane (1) Haytham Ismael(1) Safaa Sabbouh*(2) Mazen Rajab(3) and Ammar Amran(3)

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Administration of Horticulture, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Biotechnology, Latakia Research Center, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

Received: 16/06/2019                                Accepted: 02/08/2019

Abstract

The target of this research was the molecular characterization and the estimation of genetic diversity of trees belonging to P. ursina in the Syrian coastal area. This study was conducted during the period started from 2016 to 2018. 35 trees (genotypes) were collected from (6) sites (Jabla, Kasab, Drekesh, Kab, Brmant AL mshaeh and Msiaf) and were used for DNA analysis by 17 SSR primer pairs. The results showed that out of 17 primer pairs, only 6 were polymorphic and produced 14 different alleles. Number of alleles ranged from (2) to (4) with a mean of 2.3 alleles/primer pair. The genetic diversity was estimated for each locus and ranged from 0.37 (TPScp9F/ TPScp9R) to 0.51 (BPPCT038F/BPPCT038R) and (CPDCT014/AY862451). Dendrogram based on genetic distance results was established and two groups were obtained. The first group included samples from Brmant AL mshaeh, Kasab and Jabla, while the second group had samples from Msiaf, Kab and Drekesh. Samples from Drekesh were the most distant. No variation was detected between samples from the same site, but found among the different sites. Level of genetic diversity in P. ursina was low in the sites investigated, therefore there is a need to continue collecting more samples from other sites to detect the genetic diversity of p. ursina and keep them in gene bank gene bank in order to use them in future genetic improvement programs.

Key words: P. ursina, Molecular characterization, Geneticdiversity, Syrian coast.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

The Contribution of Plant Improvement to the Color Change of Flowering Ornamental Plants Throughout History

Fatema Abdrahman*(1) and Mohammed Hisham AlNasan(1)

(1). Department of Applied Science History, Institute of Arab Scientific Heritage, Aleppo University

(*Corresponding author: Fatema Abdrahman. E-Mail: fa573507@gmail.com).

Received: 13/11/2018                                Accepted: 01/01/2019

Abstract

The research aimed to highlight the important aspect of agricultural science in the books of Arab agriculture in the period studied, namely, changing the color of flowers and obtaining new colors using simple, easy and inexpensive methods that can be applied. These methods were: Saffron and Nile or change the PH value of the soil by adding acid or by hybridization and obtain a new color different from the color of the parents. It was noticed that there were only five scholars of agriculture interested in this subject viz. Ibn al- Awam al- Andalusi and his book is: Alfilaha Alandalusia, Anonymous author and his book is: Miftah Alrraha Li Ahl Alfalaha, Radi Aldiyn Alghazi and his book is: Jamie Fawayid Almilaha Fi Jawamie Fawayid Alfalaha, Abdul Ghani Al Nabulsi and his book: Elim Almilaha Fi Elim Alfilaha and Alhusayni and his book: Misbah Alfalah Fi Altib Walziraea. It was found that Ibn- al- Awam was a forerunner in this field compared to the other of the agricultural scientists aforementioned, and as he was the only one who was unique in the method of hybridization, and Arab agricultural scientists had preceded the modern science in changing the color of flower, and developed the principles of the science of improvement and hybridization, and they built the foundation on which genetics was based.

Key words: Flower color, Plant improvement, Arabic farming books plant, Botanic heritage.

Full Paper in Arabic: Word

Influence of Cultivar and Harvest Date on the Productivity and Qualitative Characters of Apple Molasses

Bayan Mohammad Muzher*(1) Ola Tawfeek Al-Halabi(1) and Anton Salim Anton(2)

(1). Pome and Grapevine Research Division, Horticultural Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Fruits Physiology Lab, Horticultural Department, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Bayan Muzher. E. mail: bmuzher@hotmail.com).

Received: 05/11/2018                                Accepted: 16/12/2018

Abstract

The present research was carried out at Pome and Grapevine Division and Horticultural Department in General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) during 2011 and 2012 seasons to study the effect of cultivar and harvest date on the productivity and qualitative characters of apple molasses. Apple fruits were collected from Golden delicious, Starking delicious and Stark rimson cultivars in two harvest dates 5/10 and 5/11. Apple molasses was manufactured and stored in normal room temperature for one year. Results showed that the second harvest date significantly produced more quantity of molasses than the first one in all studied cultivars, and Golden delicious cultuvar revealed highest productivity (7.4 Kg apple fruits/1 Kg molasses), while Starking delicious cultivar  revealed the highest productivity than the two studied cultivars in the first date (11.1 Kg apple fruits /1 Kg molasses). Chemical analysis of molasses showed that the second harvest date showed the highest content of TSS, TS, and titratable acidity in all cultivars compared with the first one, and Starking delicious molasses revealed the highest content of TSS and TS (74.75% and 64.37%, respectively) in comparison with the two other cultivars. The results indicated that after one year of storage, there were no significant differences in the color, flavor and chemical components of molasses. Consequently, apple molasses as a new product characterized by good qualitative characters.

Key words: Apple, Molasses, Total soluble solids, Total sugars.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Some Plant Growth Hormones on Buds Formation and Callus Induction of Nasturtium Officinale R.Br. in vitro

Daniel Al-Awad(1) Maysaa Yazigi(1) and Reem Ebraheem*(1)

(1). Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tishreen university, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Reem Ebraheem, E-mail: ribraheem66@yahoo.com).

Received: 02/04/2018                                Accepted: 19/06/2018

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of some plant growth hormones on the shoots formation and callus induction of Nasturtium officinale R.Br, in vitro. All experiments were carried out at the laboratory of Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University during 2016 and 2017. Seedlings were grown on MS medium, then 0.5-1 cm of stem nodes were planted on the MS nutrient medium with 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/l of the cytokinin Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP). Stem nodes, leaves and petioles of leaves were planted on MS medium with various concentrations (1, 2) mg/l of the auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) in combination with various concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1) mg/l of BAP. The cultures were maintained in growth incubator at temperature 25±2 °C with a photoperiod of 16 hours light (2500-3000 lux) and 8 hours dark. The results showed that MS medium with 0.1 mg/l or 0.5 mg/l BAP was the best to propagate buds, where the average number of shoots ranged between 14-15, and some shoots formed roots. The MS medium supplement with 1mg/l of 2,4-D in combination with 0.5 mg/l BAP was  the best medium for callus induction from all parts of the plant, and the stem nodes were the best plant parts used to form callus on MS medium in most of hormone concentrations; stem nodes recorded best rates of callus formation 83.75% then the petioles of leaves was 75% and the leaves was 66.75%, on the best medium.

Keywords: Nasturtium officinal R.Br, Tissue culture, Auxin, Cytokinin, Callus.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Humic Acid Spray on Morphological and Yield Traits of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) Var. Babylon Under Al-Hasaka Conditions

Abboud Hamoud Aljasim*(1)

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Furat University.

(*Corresponding author: E-Mail: abboudaljasim@gmail.com).

Received: 12/04/2018                                Accepted: 06/07/2018

Abstract

The research was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture in Al-Hassaka governorate during 2016 and 2017 seasons. RCBD design with three replications was used. The aim was to study the effect of spray with humic acid on morphological traits and yield of Babylon cucumber variety in different growth stages in an average of three sprays at the fourth real leaf stage, then after 10 days for each spray. Three concentrations of humic acid were used i.e. 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm. The results showed that humic acid improved morphological traits of leaves, where the leaf length reached (18.33) cm, the width was (20) cm  when humic acid was sprayed with 1500 ppm, while leaf length and width were 17.67 and 19 cm when sprayed with 500 ppm. The fruit length was (13.72 and 12.78) cm when humic acid sprayed with 1500 and 1000 ppm respectively. There was a significant increase most productivity traits when the concentrations 1000 and 1500 ppm were used compared to other treatments, where the fruit weight was (98 and 94 g) respectively, and the productivity was (4133 and 3498) kg/d respectively.

Key words: Humic acid, Cucumber, Morphological traits, Productivity.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

The Effect of Growth Regulators, Time Collecting and Type of Cutting on Rooting of Kiwi (Actinidia chinensis( Male Trees Cuttings

Imad Bilal*(1)

(1). Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Imad Bilal. E-Mail: imad-b@arabscientist.org).

Received: 06/06/2018                                Accepted: 07/09/2018

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out at Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Latakia, during (2011-2013) to study the propagation of male kiwi trees by wooden cuttings. Two dates for collecting cuttings (January and February) from kiwi trees were selected. On every date, the cuttings were divided into three groups according to cutting location on the shoot (basal, middle and apical). The NAA and IBA regulators were applied at two concentrations (5000, 6000 ppm).  In addition, there were four treatments of the mixture of both growth regulators. The cuttings were planted within the glasshouse for 60 days under sprinkle irrigation conditions. Then, the effect of cutting collection date, cutting location on shoot and the concentration of growth regulators on; number of rooted cuttings, total number of roots, average root weight and volume, and average shoot weight and volume. The results showed that the first date (end of January) is more significant than end of February according to weight and volume of both root and shoot, also in number of rooted cuttings, where the rooting ratio was 64.9%, 54.3% respectively. According to cutting location on the shoot, the middle and basal cuttings were significantly increased in term of root weight (20.31 g, 19.81g), while the apical cutting was 15.55 g.  According root volume, the result was 20.55cm3– 20.06 cm3 and 15.57 cm3 for apical cuttings. The NAA and IBA growth regulators showed different effect; where NAA was significantly superior to IBA, and the mixture treatments in terms of the average number of roots/cuttings. While IBA and the mixture treatments were significantly superior over NAA in terms of shoot weight and volume. The treatment with the mixture (IBA3000 + NAA3000 ppm) was significantly superior to the other treatments in terms of the average weight and volume of the roots. The treatment with the mixture (IBA1500 + NAA1500 ppm) was significantly superior to the other treatments in terms of the number of rooted cuttings by rooting (75%) compering to the control (28%).

Keywords: Kiwi (actinidia chinensis ), Collecting cutting dates, Wooden cuttings,  Rooting, Male trees, Plant growth regulators.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF