Effect of Foliar Spraying with Different Concentrations of ‎‎(Huzone) Nutrients and Pruning Methods on Growth of ‎Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)‎

Fawaz Al-haji Abboud⁽¹⁾ Ibrahim Nada Al-Shetewi⁽¹⁾ and Nada Huseen ALAmeir^*⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Al Furat, Deir Al-Zour, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Nada Huseed ALAmeir. E-Mail: mmnndd9074@gmail.com).

Received: 07/12/2019 Accepted: 25/03/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out during the agricultural seasons of 2017 and 2018 at a private farm in Deir Al-Zour on watermelon plants (Citrullus lanatus L.) Niagara variety to study the effect of using different concentrations of Huzone nutrients (0, 2, 4 and 6 cm³/L per plant), at a rate of three sprays, the first spray was accompanied at the stage of 2^nd leaf formation, and the second was at the beginning of fruit stage formation, while the third spray was two weeks before fruits maturity. The pruning methods were (Method A: Pruning the plants to three stems while keeping one fruit on each stem, the second method B: Pruning the plants to four stems while keeping the one fruit on each stem, and the third method was pruning the plant to five stems and keeping one fruit on each stem, besides the control (without pruning). Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD was used with three replicates per treatment. The results showed that there was a significant effect of pruning and Huzone nutrient on all studied traits. The control (without pruning) which treated with a concentration of 4 cm³/L achieved the highest value in the number of leaves, and reached 231-234 leaves/plants for the first and second seasons respectively. The highest value of the leaf area when using the pruning method on three branches and spraying with a concentration of (4 cm³/L) gave a value of (3131-3120 cm²) for the first and second seasons respectively. The interaction between spray and pruning significantly affected the number of days to flowering, where this trait decreased when using 4 cm³/L of Huzone with the pruning method on three branches compared to the other treatments. The number of male flowers decreased in the plants which pruned on three branches and sprayed with a concentration of 4 cm³/L of Huzone, where the number of male flowers was (18.4-20.9 flower/ plant) for the first and second seasons respectively compared to the control and other concentrations. In terms of the number of female flowers, it increased at pruning on three branches and by adding a concentration of 4 cm 3/L (13.93-15.2) compared with the control and other concentrations.

Key words: Watermelon, Citrullus lanatus L., Nutrient Huzon, Pruning, Vegetative growth, Flowering.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Dates of Foliar Application by Micronutrients on ‎Some Growth and Productivity Characteristics of Olive Tree ‎‎(Kaisi cv.)‎

Amani Berawi^*(1)Abd Al-Gani Khorchid⁽²⁾ Mahammad Manhal Al-Zoubi⁽³⁾ Ayham Asbah⁽¹⁾ and Saher Al-Bakeer⁽⁴⁾

(1). Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Hama, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria

(2). Department of soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria.

(4). Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Hama, (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria.

(5). Department of horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Amani Berawi. E-Mail: eng.amani199001@gmail.com).

Received: 16/12/2018 Accepted: 08/02/2019

Abstract

The experiment was carried out in an olive orchard, Hama Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during 2016 and 2017 seasons in order to study the effect of foliar application dates by micronutrients on some vegetative, floral and productivity characteristics of olive tree (Kaisi cv.). The trees of the experiment were selected to be homogeneous in growth and age as possible. The foliar fertilizer contained all the necessary minor elements, and was sprayed in a constant concentration to all treatments (0.5 g/L) in different dates: one spray F1 (Before inflorescence), twice spray applications F2 (Before inflorescence and after fruit set) or three times F3 (Before inflorescence, after fruit set and one month before harvest date), in addition to the control without spraying (for comparison). The experiment was designed according to complete randomized block design, with three replicates for each treatment. The results showed that F2 treatment was significantly superior compared to other treatments except F 3 treatment, in term of vegetative growth traits. Thus, the effect of the foliar fertilizer on fruit set ratio and production had been obvious. The treatment F2 gave the highest productivity (34.27 kg) whereas F0 and F3 treatments gave (24.11 and 33.16 kg/tree respectively).

Key words: Olive, Micro-elements, Dates of foliar spray, Kaisi cultivar.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Studying the Effect of Using Several Systems of Soil ‎Management on Some Growth and Productivity Parameters ‎of Apple Trees Var. Golden delicious

Tahani Kousa^*(1) and Rasheed Kharboutly⁽¹⁾

(1).Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Tahani Kousa. E-Mail: tahanikousa@hotmail.com).

Received: 16/07/2019 Accepted: 03/08/2019

Abstract

This study was conducted during the years 2014 and 2015 on 10-year-old apple trees var. Golden delicious which planted in Kassab town, Latakia governorate to determine the effect of using four soil management systems (tillage, service corridors greening, tillage with a cover crop and herbicides) on the growth and productivity of apple trees. The results showed that the best growth and the largest production of apple trees were in the mixed system of soil management (tillage + cultivation vetch in autumn). The highest average of fruit weight (157.50 g) was in the greening system of service corridors by planting grass plants. In addition, there were no significant differences in the growth and production of apple trees between the two soil service management (mixed system and herbicide).

Key words: Soil management, Apple tree, Golden delicious.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Lunar Agriculture in the Books of Arab Agriculture Between ‎the Centuries (6-12H/ 12-18 AD)‎

Fatema AbdAlrahman^*(1) and Mohammed Hisham AlNaasan⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Applied Science History, Institute of Arab Scientific Heritage, Aleppo University. Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Fatemaa Abraman. E-Mail: fa573507@gmail.com).

Received: 03/12/2018 Accepted: 26/01/2019

Abstract

The research aimed to focus on the genius of Arab agriculture scientists in the field of meteorology; the linkage between the cosmic aspects to an important aspect of agriculture, to determine the best dates for sowing the seeds of plant and the cultivation of leaf, vegetative and root crops, and the best date for conducting the agricultural practices such as pruning, weeding, irrigation and harvesting, according to the moon phase, i.e. the phases of lunar shining, Badr and Mehaq and between them from the first, second and third quadrants, in addition to correlate with the ascending and descending moon track to achieve the best results in accelerating and improving growth, concentration of aromatic oils in the vegetative parts of aromatic leafy plants and increasing the active ingredient in medicinal plants. When the moon in the ascending track it sends magnetic energy that attracts the plant’s juices and concentrates it in the peripheral parts, so the active ingredients increased, and it considered the best time to take the peripheral parts. On the other hand, when the moon is in the descending track in front of the towers, the moon sends energy that affects the roots and stimulates their activity, and it considered the best time for irrigation, where the root absorption of water is increased and therefore the quantities of waste water can be saved. Because of the importance of this subject, it was studied by the agriculture scientists in the period of time between the two centuries (6-12HD/ 12-18AD), and it was found that they had preceded the scientists of the west and modern science. The Arab scientist were the first who talked about it, and Ibn-Al- Awam Aladalusi of the century (6HD/12AD), was the pioneer in this field, he explained the reality of what the scholars of agriculture had said by the comparison of their theories with the theories of modern science, namely the tidal mechanism and Newton’s physical laws.

Key words: Lunar agriculture, Moon phases, Arab agriculture book, Agricultural heritage.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

The Effect of Grafting Method and Initial Compatibility of ‎Grafting between some Prunus cerasia Blanche and Almonds ‎Cultivars

Mohammad Nizam^*(1)Haitham Ismael⁽²⁾and Hafez Mahfoud⁽³⁾

(1). Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Biotechnology Research, GCSAR, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Nizam. E-Mail: mohammad.nizam85@hotmail.com).

Received: 21/07/2019 Accepted: 09/09/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out during 2017 and 2018 on 24 shrubs of Prunus cerasia Blanche which naturally prevailing on 12 sites in the Syrian coast, to determine the initial compatibility of a collection of almonds cultivars (plum, peach and apricot) and P. cerasia rootstock. The findings showed that the plum cultivar was more significant (at 5% level) than apricot and peach cultivars in terms of grafting survival percentage, average length and thickness of annual shoots for both tongue grafting and T-budding methods. In addition, the apricot cultivar was more significant than peach cultivar in terms of grafting survival percentage and shoots length. The peach was more significant than studied apricot cultivar in terms of average of shoots thickness. LK1 and LK2 in Kassab location showed the best grafting results, where the grafting survival percentage, average shoot length and thickness were the highest for grafting with plum cultivar (86.66%, 48.16 cm, 3.9 mm) and (100%, 57 cm, 6.16 mm), respectively for both grafting methods.

Key words: Wild plum, Grafting method, Degree of compatibility.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Study the Productivity and Qualitative Characteristics of ‎Grafting Muskmelon Palmeta F1 on Some Pumpkins ‎Rootstocks in Al-Ghab Region

Bassam Ibrahim Alsayed^*(1) Ahmad Majed Jalloul⁽¹⁾ and Nasr and Sheikh Suleiman⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(٭Corresponding author: Eng. Bassam Ibrahim Alsayed. E-mail: bsssa2014@gmail.com).

Received: 07/12/2018 Accepted: 31/01/2019

Abstract

This research was carried out at Al-Ghab, Hama Province, during the two agricultural seasons 2016 and 2017, to study the effect of some rootstocks on productivity quantitatively and qualitatively. The experimental design was randomized completely blocks design. The hybrid muskmelon Palmeta F1 was grafted on three rootstocks namely; Forza F1, Jawad F1, and Lagenaria siceraria. Mol, in addition to the control, and each treatment replicated 4 times. The results showed that grafting contributed to a significant increase in the average of total productivity and marketing, which attained the highest values in the plants grafted on pumpkin rootstock Lagenaria siceraria. Mol (5.85, 5.29 tons/dunum) compared to the control (2.33, 1.98 tons / dunum), respectively. Also, the grafted plants showed a significant increase in the thickness of the cortex, the size of the seed cavity and the firmness of the fruits. The chemical content of the fruits showed a significant decrease in the ratio of dry matter and total soluble solids of the plants that were grafted on the Jawad F1, and pumpkin Lagenaria siceraria. Mol rootstocks compared with the control and the plants that were grafted on Forza F1 rootstock. While the fruits of the grafted plants had high content of vitamin C compared to the control which gave the lowest value (12.49 mg/100 g).

Keywords: Muskmelon, Grafting, Rootstocks, Productivity, Vitamin C.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

The Effect of IBA (Indol-3-Butyric Acid) Treatment on ‎Rooting of Some Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) ‎Rootstock Genotypes

Tharwat Salim Khaddour^*(1) Hafiz Mohammad Mahfouz⁽¹⁾ and Mazen Ali Nassour⁽²⁾

(1). Scientific Agricultural Research Center of Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Tharwat Saleem Redwan. E-Mail: tharwat.redwan@yahoo.com).

Received: 26/06/2019 Accepted: 27/09/2019

Abstract

This study was conducted at glasshouse of ACSAD  nursery in Lattakia, during (2018 and 2019) using four genotypes of Rosa damascene (RD1, RD2, RD3 and RD4) treated with three different concentrations of IBA i.e.500, 1000 and 2000 ppm in addition to the control treatment 0 ppm, in order to determine the best concentration of IBA. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with two factors in four replicates. The results indicated that the use of  IBA encouraged the rooting at different rates according to the genotype and the concentration of IBA. Treatments (1000 and 2000) ppm were significantly higher than the other treatments in rooting rate (%(89.8- 88.27 respectively. The response of the rootstocks to IBA differed according to the studied genotypes. Genotypes RD1 and RD2 were superior when treated with 2000 ppm concentration in root percentage (90.2- 90.3)%, callus creation (80- 81)%, root number (8 and 8.1) and root length (5.41 and 5.4) cm respectively.

Keywords: Rosa damascena, Propagation, rootstock, Auxin IBA, Genotypes.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Pruning and Foliar Spray with Nutritious Solution ‎‎(Huzone) on Quality of Watermelon Fruit (Niagara cv.) Under ‎the Conditions of Deir Al-Zour Governorate

Fawaz Al-haji Abboud⁽¹⁾ Ibrahim Al-Shetewi⁽¹⁾ and Nada Huseen ALAmeir^*(1)

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alfurat University, Deir Al-Zour, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Nada Huseen ALAmeir. E-Mail: nadaa10074@gmail.com).

Received: 16/11/2018 Accepted: 29/01/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out during 2017 and 2018 at a private farm in Deir Al-Zour in Agawat area on red watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) Niagara cultivar. The aim was to study the effect of different methods of pruning and foliar spray with nutritious solution on the quality of watermelons fruit by using different concentrations of the nutrient solution (Husone) (0, 2, 4 and 6) cm³\l per plant. The first time of spray was at the second real leaf formation, and the second spray was at the beginning of , while the third application was before two weeks of fruits maturity. Four pruning methods were followed, the first (A) was to keep three stems per plant and keep one fruit in each stem, the second (B) was to keep four stems per plant and keep one fruit in each stem, the third (C) was to keep five stems per plant and keep one fruit in each stem, and the control (without pruning). The experiment was laid out according to RCBD (factorial) with four replications. The results showed that there was a significant effect of pruning and Husone concentration in all studied traits. The control (without pruning) and the concentration of 0 cm³/L achieved the highest percentage of moisture in the fruits, which attained (94-93.6%) for the first and second seasons respectively, while the lowest value was when the plants pruned with four branches and sprayed with a concentration of 6 cm /L of Husone. The highest value of soluble solids was achieved when using the pruning method (A) with a concentrations of (4 and 6) cm³/L for the first and second seasons, while the lowest value was attained in the control which was not sprayed with Husone and reached (0.10 and 0.11%) for the first and second seasons, respectively. The results showed that the interaction between the pruning and Husone concentrations had a clear effect on the content of ascorbic acid in fruits, which reached the highest content when using the pruning method (A) with a concentration of 6 cm³/L (9 and 9.8 mg/100 g) for the first and second seasons respectively. The values decreased significantly in the control which was not sprayed with Husone. The highest fruit weight was achieved when using the pruning method (A) with a concentration of 4 cm³/L (9 and 10.7 Kg/fruit) for the first and second seasons respectively. while the lowest value was attained in the control which was not sprayed with Husone and reached (4.4 and 5 Kg/fruit) for the first and second seasons, respectively.

Key words: Watermelon, Nutrient solution (Huzone), Pruning, Fruits quality.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Effect of Planting Date and Plant Density on Growth and Yield of (Daucus carota L.) plants in Hama Governorate

Ahmed Mohamed Jarjanazi^*(1)

(1). Second Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Jarjanazi. E-Mail: Jarjnazi1965@gmail.com.

Received: 24/11/2018 Accepted: 16/01/2019

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of sowing the carrot (Daucus carota. Var. Nantes) on three dates (24/9, 8/10 and 23/10) and two densities: high (80) plants/m² and low (40) plants/m² under the conditions of Hama governorate, according to the split design. The early sowing showed a significant superiority over the other dates in all the studied traits (germination; maturity; length of leaves; length, diameter and weight of root; number of leaves per plant; fresh plant weight, and marketable productivity). The low density was significantly higher in the number of leaves per plant; length, diameter and weight of root, and fresh plant weight, while the opposite was noticed in terms of the length of the leaves and the marketable productivity. While the speed of germination and maturity were not affected with the plant density. In terms of the interaction between the date and the density, the plants that were sown on the first date at low density achieved the highest germination velocity; maturity; length, diameter and weight of root; number of leaves per plant and fresh plant weight (10 days, 118 days, 23.1 cm, 31.33 mm, 136 g, 15 leaves/plant, 158 g/plant, respectively), while the highest leaf length and marketable productivity (28 cm, 5.71 kg/m² respectively) were achieved at the first date and high density.

Keyword: Carrot, Daucus carota, Sowing date, Density; Marketable productivity.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity in Prunus ursina KY Genotypes in the Syrian Coast

Wafaa Choumane ⁽¹⁾Haytham Ismael⁽¹⁾ Safaa Sabbouh^*(2) Mazen Rajab⁽³⁾ and Ammar Amran⁽³⁾

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Administration of Horticulture, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Biotechnology, Latakia Research Center, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

Received: 16/06/2019 Accepted: 02/08/2019

Abstract

The target of this research was the molecular characterization and the estimation of genetic diversity of trees belonging to P. ursina in the Syrian coastal area. This study was conducted during the period started from 2016 to 2018. 35 trees (genotypes) were collected from (6) sites (Jabla, Kasab, Drekesh, Kab, Brmant AL mshaeh and Msiaf) and were used for DNA analysis by 17 SSR primer pairs. The results showed that out of 17 primer pairs, only 6 were polymorphic and produced 14 different alleles. Number of alleles ranged from (2) to (4) with a mean of 2.3 alleles/primer pair. The genetic diversity was estimated for each locus and ranged from 0.37 (TPScp9F/ TPScp9R) to 0.51 (BPPCT038F/BPPCT038R) and (CPDCT014/AY862451). Dendrogram based on genetic distance results was established and two groups were obtained. The first group included samples from Brmant AL mshaeh, Kasab and Jabla, while the second group had samples from Msiaf, Kab and Drekesh. Samples from Drekesh were the most distant. No variation was detected between samples from the same site, but found among the different sites. Level of genetic diversity in P. ursina was low in the sites investigated, therefore there is a need to continue collecting more samples from other sites to detect the genetic diversity of p. ursina and keep them in gene bank gene bank in order to use them in future genetic improvement programs.

Key words: P. ursina, Molecular characterization, Geneticdiversity, Syrian coast.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF