Ahmed Hawas Abdullah Anees^(1)* and  Yosif Abdalhameed Al-Hajooj⁽¹⁾

(1). College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmed Anees. E-Mail: Ahmed75hawas@tu.edu.iq ).

Received: 28/04/2022                          Accepted: 6/09/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of this study is to compare 10 oat genotypes (1-Alguda ,2- Anatolia ,3-Pimula ،4-Genzania ،  5-Hamel, 6- Icarda short,  7- Kangaroo, 8- Icarda tall , 9- Mitika and 10- Possum) under the influence of different water quality (well, river and fish breeding tanks waste) and number of irrigations 2, 4 and 6 times, and their binary and triple interactions in characteristics of days to flowering (day), flag leaf area (cm²), plant height (cm),  effective tillers number (m²), number of grains per panicle, 1000 grains weight (g), and grain yield (ton ha^-1). The experiment was conducted at the Department of Field Crops Research Station – College of Agriculture- Tikrit University during the agricultural season of 2017-2018. The design was randomized complete block (RCBD) in three replicates with a split- split- plot arrangement. The water quality factor occupied the main plots, irrigations number occupied the sub plots and the genotypes occupied the sub sub plots. The obtained results and analysis of the variance table showed, factors and their double and triple interactions were significant for all studies’ characteristics except for the water quality and its interaction with irrigations number and the irrigation numbers with genotypes and triple interaction for the characteristic of days to flowering, effective tillers number and 1000 grains weight, also irrigations number and interaction between water equality and genotype for days to flowering. On one hand, the genotype (3) was superior when it interacted with well water and with Six irrigations on the other hand. In addition to the triple interaction which was significant for effective tillers number and grain yield (113.7, 113.4, and 134.3 tillers m^-2) and (4.1, 4.2, and 5.0 ton ha^-1) respectively, and the genotype (5) for binary and the same triple interactions for panicle grains number (58.6, 67.1 and 73.9 grain panicle^-1), respectively. And also, the genotype (1) for binary and the same triple interactions for 1000 grains weight (34.7, 34.5, and 73.9 g), respectively. Therefore, the outcomes of this study must be taken into the consideration in order to determine the response of these entries to the factors of the study and to emphasize testing them with other factors in addition to different seasons and locations, to know the extent of its production capacity to reach distinct and promising varieties in the future.

Keywords: Oats varieties (entries), irrigation water quality, number of irrigations.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nizar Harba ⁽¹⁾, Muhammad Nael Khattab^{( 1)}, Marine Al-Salama^(1)*

(1). Department Of Field Crops, Faculty Of Agriculture, Tishreen- University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Marine Al-Salama. E-mail: marinlsalama89@gmail.com).

Received: 28/03/2021                          Accepted: 21/02/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out on the campus of Tishreen University during the agricultural season 2020 AD, according to the design of randomized complete sectors (RCBD) and with three replications in order to study the most important phenological, morphological and productive characteristics of some genotypes of spring chickpea, which are (210C, 324C, 322C, 257C, 154C), obtained by The Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Damascus, and some genetic indicators of the studied traits were estimated to select the best ones and benefit from them in the programs of breeding and improving this crop to develop varieties of chickpeas for the desired traits and adapted to the environment and local conditions. The 322C model outperformed all the studied primroses (92.66 days), and the 324C model was distinguished over all the cultivars in terms of plant height (56.55 cm), number of leaves (49.99), and harvest index (33.15%). In addition, the 210C is distinguished on all models by the characteristics of the number of main branches (2.55) and the number of pods / plant (15.55 centuries). The 257C model was distinguished on all models by the characteristics of seed weight per plant (10.08 g), weight of 100 seeds (31.02 g), productivity (1656.1 kg / ha), and biological yield (4999.21 kg / ha), and the characteristic of productivity kg / h was strongly positively correlated. Significantly with biological yield traits (r = 0.97**) and seed weight per plant (r = 0.96**), they were associated with relatively high degrees of heritability and thus the possibility of selection for yield trait through selection for the aforementioned traits.

Key words: spring chickpea, degree of heritability, genetic progression, correlation coefficient.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sahar Laftah^(1)* and Sundus abdu alkariem al-Abdulla ⁽¹⁾

(1). Crops department, Faculty of agriculture, Basrah University, Iraq.

(*Corresponding Author: Sahar Laftah. E-mail: saharkalaflaftah@gmail.com).

Received: 12/08/2022                          Accepted: 9/10/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out in Agriculture College farm / Basra University – Karmat Ali location(30° 57ʹ N lat.,47° 80ʹ long ), on silty loam soil during the winter growing season 2021-2022 to studying the effect of three rates of phosphate fertilizer(0, 60 and 120 kg P/ ha) and spraying with four concentrations of humic acid (0, 6, 12 and 18 g/ l) and the interaction between them on yield component and seed yield of Safflower cultivar Gila .The experiment was factorial in R.C.B.D design with three replicate. The results showed a significant effect of adding phosphate fertilizer with the rate of  120 kg P/ ha which gave the highest averages in most of the study characteristics, the highest seed yield, petals yield their averages were 3.911 M ha , 11.12 gm/ plant .The effect of spraying with humic acid at a concentration of 12 g/ l  was significant and produced the highest averages of seed  yield , dry yield of petals and amounted to 4.031 Mg/ ha and 12.12 gm/ plant respectively .The results showed a significant effect of the interaction .Rate of phosphate fertilizer 120 kg P/ ha with 12 g/ l of humic acid produced the highest seed yield, dry petals yield reached 4.753 µg / ha, 13.67 gm/ plant respectively.

Key words: Safflower, Phosphor, Humic acid, petals yield, Biological yield

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohamed Nael Khattab⁽¹⁾ , Ola N.Kajo⁽¹⁾, and  Dina Aragawi^(1)*    

(1). Department Of Field Crops, Faculty Of Agriculture,  Tishreen- University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author Dina Aragawi. E-mail: angeltawfik999@gmail.com).

Received: 30/09/2021                          Accepted: 11/03/2022

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in the coastal region (Demsarkho village of of ​​Lattakia district) and in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture – Tishreen University during 2021 season, for five varieties of Sunflower Helianthus annus L. (variety 90 – variety 19 – variety 9 – local variety – variety 54), which were taken from the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), it was cultivated according to randomized completely block design with three replicates. With the aim of estimating some genetic indicators of growth, productivity  and qualities characteristics to determine the important trait or traits for effective selection to be used in breeding programs. Baladi variety which is a local adapted variety, was characterized by maturity characteristics of maturity (87.97 days), productivity (1699.62 kg / h), oil ratio (42.94%) and weight of 100 seeds (9.45 g). The variety9 has the number of leaves (71.73 leaves) and the number of seeds in the head (447.97 seeds), the length of the plant (92.65 cm). The correlation coefficient between yield and seed weight in the head was positive and highly significant (0.86 **) and this gives the possibility of selection for productivity through the selection of seed weight in the head and can be used as selection index. We propose to continue evaluating (variety9 and local variety) for several years and in more than one geographical location for their distinction between the models studied in many traits.

Keywords: sunflower, heritability,genetic advance,correlation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Moataz Eliw Mostafa Ahmed ^{(1) *} and  Hala Mohamed Ali Shehata ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, P.O. Box 71524 Egypt.

(2). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Egypt.

(*Corresponding Author:Dr. Moataz Ahmed. E-mail: moatazeliw@azhar.edu.eg).

Received: 28/11/2021                          Accepted: 14/02/2022

Abstract: 

This research aimed to study the production, consumption and export capacity of the green beans crop in Egypt, which are cultivated area, total production, Domestic consumption, the quantity and value of exports during the period (2000-2019), besides identify the economic variables that affect the exported quantity of green beans, in addition to identifying the impact of the policies of State intervention in the fields of production, consumption, and government revenue, and its impact on the economic well-being of society. Other objectives include determining the causes of price imbalances, estimating the value of subsidies received by green beans producers and consumers or taxes imposed on producers, and evaluating the impact of government intervention policies on bean production. green and its consumption, on government revenue. The research also applied econometric analysis by building a simultaneous equations model in order to measure the interactions and overlaps between the study variables using the three-stage least squares method. The results showed that the amount of exports of the green bean crop during the period (2000-2019) ranged between a minimum It amounted to about 5,829 thousand tons in 2002, and a maximum of about 49,673 thousand tons in 2008, with an annual average of about 25,123 thousand tons, while the value of exports of the green bean crop ranged between a minimum of about 1.9 million dollars in 2001 and a maximum of about 63.6 million dollars in 2010, while the average value of exports amounted to about 30.77 million dollars. The results also showed that the average net economic product loss for the green bean crop amounted to about 15.27 million dollars, where the economic loss in production reached its maximum value in 2004 with a value of about 57.92 million dollars At the same time, the implicit taxes imposed on the product reached a maximum value of about 93.5%, and vice versa. In 2019, the economic loss and implicit taxes reached the lowest value. With a value of $1.89 million, or about 60.5%, during the study period.

Keywords: Partial Equilibrium Model, Agricultural Policy, Green Beans Crop, Egypt.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Majd Namaa ^(1)*

(1). Agriculture Economics., Fac. Agri, Tishreen Univ., Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Namaa, E-mail:  mjd.namaa.90@gmail.com).

Received:28/12/2021                         Accepted:14/02/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of the research is to compare the traditional predictive models using the multiple regression model, the (ARIMA) model and the neural network model in terms of the predictive ability of tobacco crop production in Lattakia Governorate using some statistical criteria as the mean of the errors of the estimated model and the average differences between the real values ​​and the expected values ​​for each model. The research relied on the data of the annual agricultural statistical group for data on production, productivity, and cultivated area during the period (1991-2019) in addition to data on temperature and annual precipitation, where agricultural production was adopted as a dependent variable (production year, cultivated area, average annual temperature, and average rainfall annual) as independent variables. The stepwise multiple regression method was used to estimate the regression model, the Expert Modeler method was used to estimate the ARIMA model, and the multi-layered module (Perceptron MLP) was used to build the neural network model and test its accuracy, as 23 years of data were used in the training phase. at a rate of (79.3)%, and 6 years for the testing phase with a rate of (20.7%).The results of the research showed the superiority of the neural network model over the regression model and the (ARIMA) model in terms of predictive ability using the mean squares of errors criterion for the estimated model and the criterion of the average differences between real and expected values, where the mean squared error was (1.66) using the neural network model versus (4.47) Using the regression model and (36.123) using the (ARIMA) model, and the average difference between the real and expected values ​​using the neural network was (1426.48) versus (1451.16) for the regression model and (1623.73) for the (ARIMA) model.

key words: production, tobacco, ARIMA, multilayer neural network.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reeman Shaleesh ^(1)*, Mohammed Al Abdullah ⁽²⁾, and Fayez Al Mekdad⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics. General commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Reeman Shaleesh, E-mail:  remanshalish@yahoo.com).

    Received:6/09/2021                Accepted:16/02/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of the research is to study the impact of the personal and social characteristics of agricultural extension agents on the quality of planning the extension program for citrus and to identify the obstacles faced by the agricultural extension agents during the implementation of the extension program for citrus in the Syrian coast, in addition to providing appropriate solutions to confront these obstacles from the point of view of the agricultural extension agents.  To achieve the objectives of the research, data was collected from a sample of 40 extension workers working in the selected extension units in the governorates of Lattakia and Tartous during the year 2017, where two administrative regions were selected in Lattakia (Latakia Markaz-Jableh), and an administrative region in Tartous.  The study showed that the most factors affecting the quality of planning the extension program for citrus are the age of the agricultural extension, experience in the extension work, the level of implementation, the level of training, as the probability of the presence of the extension program at the low level of the quality of the program planning increases the less the age of the extension, and the level of implementation of the extension. Agricultural extension activities, and experience in extension work.  The agricultural guide who has a low and medium level of training in the field of citrus cultivation and agricultural extension programs is more likely to be in the low and medium level of planning quality compared to the agricultural guide who has a high level of training in the field of citrus cultivation and agricultural extension programs. The results also showed that the most important obstacles. The lack of incentives for the extension workers, the many extension work assigned to the extension, the lack of transportation for the extension agents, the lack of extension work requirements.

Keywords: Extension Program, Citrus, Syrian Coast.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Siham Abdelwhab Alamin Mohammed (1) *

(1). College of Animal Production Science and Technology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum State, Sudan.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Siham Mohammed, E-mail: sihamlmn666@gmail.com).

Received:17/01/2021                   Accepted:11/02/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted in the College of Animal Production Science and Technology, Sudan University of Science and Technology to evaluate the mineral concentration Calcium of (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn)) in camel (Camelus dromedarius), beef and sheep meat (mutton) (longissimus muscle) from the different carcass of young animals. The study showed that mineral contents in camel meat were significantly higher (P< 0.01) in comparison with that in beef and sheep meat. Calcium concentration was apparently high significant (P< 0.01) difference among camel meat, beef, and, sheep meat. Camel (Camelus dromedarius) meat had a high concentration of Calcium (Ca) (10.5mg/100g) compared to beef (6.0mg/100g) and sheep meat (8.0 mg/100g). Phosphorous (P) content in camel meat and sheep meat were wash in comparison with that of beef (209, 205 ,and 167mg/100g), respectively. Als,o camel meat and sheep meat contained higher cconcentrations magnesium compared to beef (31, 28 and 25mg/100g), respectively. While the concentration of sodium in camel meat increased(117mg/100g) compared to sheep meat (72 mg/100g) (28) and beef (65 mg/100g) 25mg/100g. Potassium (K) content in camel meat hasa high concentration (380 mg/100g) compared to beef (358 mg/100g) and sheep meat (365 mg/100g). Concentrations of copper (Cu) in camel meat, beef and sheep meat were (0.4; 0.2,6 and 0.24 mg/100g), respectively. Ferrous (Fe) level revealed high significant difference (P< 0.01) between camel meat, beef and sheep meat. Ferrous content in camel meat showed higher levels (4.58 mg/100g) followed by sheep meat (3.78 mg/100g) and beef (2.8 mg/100g). And zinc (Zn) showed significant (P< 0.05) difference between camel meat, beef and sheep meat. It showed high concentrations level in camel meat (5.3 mg/100g) compared to beef (4.58 mg/100g) and sheep meat (4.0 mg/100g).
Keywords: minerals, camel meat, beef, sheep meat.

Full paper in English: pdf

Izdihar Ammar^(1)*, Hadeel Arraj⁽¹⁾, Fadia dib⁽²⁾, and Izzat Arabia⁽¹⁾

(1). High Institute of Marine Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:. Izdihar Ammar E-Mail: izdiammar@gmail.com)

Received:22/12/2021                         Accepted:9/03/2022

Abstract: 

The current status of the invasive alien marine benthic species was evaluated in several locations of the coast of Lattakia and Jableh during the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 using the horizontal scanning of the benthic communities of phyto and zoobenthos in the littoral area IN addition to  study their specific composition in the fishing yield in the deeper areas up to a depth of 700m. The presence of more than 118 alien species of marine invertebrates, most of them Lessepsians, was recorded, constituting 15.73% of the species found in the Syrian coast, the number of invasive species of which was 44 species, or 37.29%. Most of these species have become endemic to the Syrian marine environment and are widespread. Twenty of these invasive species have been placed on the black list of invasive species, and the presence of 22 species of alien algae and seaweed was recorded, the number of invasive species of which reached 8, with a rate of 36.36%, most of the species recorded for the first time during this study from tropical waters from The Gulf of Mexico and the eastern coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, which is reflected in marine biodiversity.

Keywords: climatic changes, Eastern Mediterranean, invasive alien species, lessepsian species.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohamed Baker Alabd Alwahed *⁽¹⁾, Oula Kaso ⁽¹⁾, Thamer Alhenish ⁽¹⁾, Zainab Tadbeer ⁽¹⁾, and Khaled ALshreda ⁽¹⁾

(1). Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Mohamed Baker Alabd Alwahed. E-Mail: Baker963949351833@gmail.com).

Received:2/09/2021                         Accepted:8/03/2022

Abstract: 

Twelve genotypes of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum L.) were tasted in four locations in zone B, during the 2019-2020 season to evaluate  these genotypes and study the Genotype × Environments interactions, and stability performance across environments using statistical measures of stability: {(X¯_i), (b_i), (S²d_i) according to Eberhart and Russell (1966), Stability Variance Index (σ²_i) according to Wricke and Weber (1980) (Shukla), Ecovalance Stability Index (W_i) according to Wirckle (1962), Coefficient of Determination (r²_i) according to Pinthus (1973), and Coefficient of Variation (C.V) according to Francis}. The experiment was designed using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, statistical data analysis was done, and least significant difference (L.S.D) test at 5% was applied for comparison of means, and showed significant mean squares due to genotypes (G), and genotypes × environments interaction (E×G), which reveals the importance of stability analysis for grain yield. Stability analysis for grain yield revealed that; both varieties (Bohouth 7, Douma 1) were more stable than other genotypes in the first environmental area. Due to they had superior ranks for both average yield over environments and yield stability. While the variety (Douma 3) showed tolerance and stability in drought conditions. Which reveals the importance of these varieties that combine relatively high yield and better stability in any future breeding programs.

Keywords: Durum wheat, Genotype by Environment Interactions, Yield Stability, Coefficient of Determination.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf