May Ayyash ^(1)* , Hassan Kaur ⁽¹⁾, Abdul Mohsen Al-Sayed Omar⁽²⁾ and Yasser Al Salama⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). Department of Soil Sciences, , Faculty of Agriculture, Al Furat University, Der Ezzor, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mai Alayash E-Mail: maiayash1980@gmail.com)

Received:9/11/2021                 Accepted:22/03/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at Kuskeis Research Station during the agricultural season 2019/2020, to investigate the effect of isolates of mycorrhizae on the drought resistance of the wheat crop, by studying of some osmotic variables (soluble sugars) and morphology in water stress conditions during different growth stages. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with the arrangement of the split plots.  Two varieties of wheat (Sham 5 and sham7) placed in the main plots, and the mycorrhizal species prepared from three sources (grass, onions, maize) (M₁, M₂, M₃) in the sub plots of the first degree and both mycorrhizal concentrations. (i1,i2) (2.5 ml, 5 ml) respectively In sub-plots of the second order. The results showed a difference in the rate of mycorrhizal infection during the growth stages of each of the two wheat varieties, and the harvest stage was superior in the rest of the growth stages in both varieties, and the M2i2 treatment was superior in the infection rate in both varieties over the rest of the treatments, which was (61.33 % – 68%) respectively. The results also showed a difference in plant height between Plants pollinated and non-pollinated with mycorrhizal fungi, although there were no significant differences between mycorrhizal isolates according to the statistical results. While the differences were significant between concentrations, it was noted that the first and second concentrations (2.5 ml and 5 ml) of mycorrhiza were superior than the control (third concentration) reaching where the plant length (79.76 cm) in the Sham 5 variety. As for root length, the statistical analysis showed that the differences were not significant between all isolates of Mycorrhiza and concentrations. Concerning the length of the spike, the differences were not significant for isolates and mycorrhizal concentrations of variety Sham 5, while the differences were not significant for isolates of mycorrhiza only, but they were significant with respect to mycorrhizal concentrations of variety of sham 7 where the root length arrived to (8.95 cm). It was noted that there were insignificant differences between the mycorrhizal isolates, but it was significant between the concentrations. It was noted that the values of soluble sugars increased in non- inoculated plants to (16.76%) in the Sham 5 variety and (20.63%) in the Sham 7 variety compared with the inoculated plants with the first and second concentrations. The percentage of sugars decreased under inoculated plants with mycorrhiza in both varieties, Thus, the effect of mycorrhiza appeared in increasing the plant’s resistance to drought through growth indicators such as plant height (for Sham 5 variety), as well as spike length (for Sham 7 variety), and the low percentage of sugars in pollinated plants (for two varieties).

 Keywords: : wheat,  mycorrhizae,  soluble sugars,  drought.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf