Nawar Khadra*⁽¹⁾, Omar Al-Naser⁽¹⁾,   Mahmoud Abdulkareem⁽¹⁾, and Ali Othman⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). General Authority for Fish Resources, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Nawar Khadra,  Email: nkhadra@yahoo.com.).

Received: 13/05/2023         Accepted: 30/08/2023

Abstract: 

This study was conducted during the academic year 2021-2022 in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences at the Faculty of Agriculture – Aleppo University to investigate the effect of packaging solutions on the quality properties of bluefin tuna. The results showed increased protein content and high nutritional value of bluefin tuna. The microbiological analysis of canned tuna in salt, tomato paste, and sunflower oil solutions indicated the absence of pathogenic bacteria. Chemical analysis of tuna meat preserved in different solutions revealed a significant increase in true protein content, non-protein nitrogen ratio, and volatile nitrogen values of meat pieces preserved in oil compared to other samples. A significant difference was also observed in the salt content of meat pieces preserved in a salt solution compared to other samples, while meat pieces preserved in tomato paste showed a significant increase in acidity. Regarding the chemical composition of the preservation solutions, an increase in true protein content, non-protein nitrogen ratio, volatile nitrogen values, and acidity was observed in tomato paste solution, while a significant difference was observed in the salt content of the salt solution. Sensory evaluation indicated that tuna preserved in salt or oil received positive evaluations from consumers, while those preserved in tomato paste received lower evaluations.

Key words: Bluefin Tuna, Canning, Tuna Products, Tuna Preserving, Qualitative Properties

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mahmoud  Al-Mohamed ^(1)*

(1). Department of  Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahmoud Al-Mohamed. E-Mail: Mahmoud.lb.Almohamed@gmail.com).

Received  1/06 /2024                 Accepted: 1 /08 /2024

Abstract: 

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Dry Period Length on some reproductive performance indicators for the subsequent lactation. It was conducted on 74 Holstein Friesian cows, belonging to the herd of the Jeb Ramla cattle station, in Syria, during 2022-2024. The cows were classified according to the Dry Period Length into (less than 45, 46-55, more than 56 days), and the effect of the length of the dry period was studied on the Services per conception, days open, Calving interval, Length of pregnancy, weight Calf at birth, Estrus rate. The data was analyzed using SPSS26 software. The results showed a highly significant effect of the Dry Period Length on all indicators studied, except for the effect on the Estrus rate, as the effect non-significance. The results showed that shortening the Dry Period Length to weak fertility, and long Dry Period Length to an increase in the values of reproductive indicators. The best reproductive indicators were with a dry period of 46-55 days.

Key words: Dry Period Length, reproductive performance, Holstein cows.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghayth  Jazaa^(1)* and  Zouher  Jabbour⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Ghayth Jazaa, E.mail: ghayth.jazaa@tishreen.edu.sy)

Received:20/08/2023          Accepted: 5/04/2023

Abstract: 

The study was conducted on 180 one-day-old Ross chicks, without distinguishing between males and females, to determine the effect of heat stress on the level of cortisol hormone in the blood serum of broiler chickens. The chicks were divided into two groups; each group includes 90 chicks. The control group was under ideal temperature conditions suitable for broiler chickens throughout the experiment, while the heat stress group was subjected to heat stress from the age of 22 days to the age of 42 days for 7 hours a day during the day from ten in the morning until five in the evening at a temperature rate of 31 ± 1, with a relative humidity ranging between 70-80%, and a nursery density of 10 birds per square meter. At the end of the experiment, at the age of 42 days, the level of cortisol in the serum was measured. The results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum cortisol concentration in the stress group (5.81 ± 0.06) ng/mL compared to the control group (2.01 ± 0.04) ng/mL. We conclude, through the aforementioned results, the close relationship between heat stress, high cortisol concentration, and physiological homeostasis in birds exposed to stress.

Keywords: Stress, Heat Stress, Broiler, cortisol.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Aloush^(1)*

(1). Al-friat university, Dier zor, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Dr. Ali Aloush ,  E-Mail: ali83aloush8383@gmail.com).

Received:4/04/2023            Accepted: 12/06/2023

Abstract: 

The experiment is done in a private poultry farm located in Al-Jalaa Which Is 30 KM East of Dier Ezor. The experiment studied the impact of the addition of garlic powder on the production parameters of broilers, in a private poultry farm east of Deir-Ezzor in 2020. the research was conducted on (240) chicks from the commercial Hubberd. The experimental birds were divided randomly into four groups, each group containing (60) chicks. The first group was the control. It was given an approved fodder mixture without adding garlic powder to it. The second, third and fourth experimental groups were given the same feed mixture that was provided to the control with the addition of garlic powder in proportions of (1 – 2 – 3) kg per 100 kg of feed, respectively. The following productive indicators were studied: (average live weight – average gain weight, average amount of feed – feed conversion coefficient – mortality rate). The results showed a significant superiority in the average live weight in the fourth group added to its feed mixture 3 kg of garlic per 100 kg of feed, as the average live weight was (2631.1) g. The differences were also significant with regard to the weekly weight gain and the rate of feed consumption, which led to a significant superiority in the feed conversion coefficient, reaching (2.34) in the control group and (2.12) in the fourth group. Witness This is evidence of an improvement in the productive and immune status of birds when garlic powder is added to their feed mixture.

Keywords: garlic, productivity indicators, broilers.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hadil obid ^(1)*, Abdel Nasser al omer ⁽¹⁾, Rema Al-Wadaa⁽¹⁾ and Ali Deeb ⁽²⁾

(1). Hama Research Canter, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(2).Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Hadil Obid ,  E-Mail: Hadilobaid2017@gmail.com).

Received:26/05/2023          Accepted: 7/09/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in the sheep research station at the Hama Research Center of the General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research, during the period (2016- 2022), the aim of this research was to study the daily milk production rate, lactation period, twins, and some factors affecting. 548 records were used which belong to (257) A milking ewes and (51) rams, and (682) records were used to study the percentage of twins and some influencing factors (year of birth, parity mother’s age and weight, type, and sex of the newborn). The data were subjected to the general linear model, and analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of different factors using the SAS program (1996). Estimating the values of the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and the characteristic of daily milk production for Parents of Awassi sheep were done by using the statistical analysis program (MTDF). The general averages of daily milk production, lactation period, and the percentage of twins were 1.35 ± 0.02 kg / day / head, 173 ± 1.3 days, % 47 respectively during the study period. Heritability and repeatability estimations of daily milk yield were found to be (0.24 ± 0.10) and (0.40 ± 0.10), respectively. BLUP yield values for daily milk have ranged between (0.92) kg for Sheep No. (3032) and the lowest value was (-0.31) kg for Sheep No. (3450) and between (0.337) kg for ram No. (1335) and the lowest values (-0.71) kg for ram No. (4025) as a deviation from the average daily milk production in the herd. It was found that many non-genetic factors affected the studied traits, they had a significant effect on the performance of the parents of sheep and rams. From the previous results it can be concluded that, there is a necessity to pay more interesting to genetic and non-genetic factors through exclusion processes based on animal records and breeding values of parents, and the necessity of introducing the percentage of twins and daily milk production into the genetic improvement program to obtain a benefit from genetically superior animals by increasing the rate of genetic improvement.

Key words: Daily milk production, Twins, Breeding values, Awassi sheep.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Allaa AL-Haj^(1)*

 (1). Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo.

(*Corresponding author: Allaa Al-Haj . E-Mail: allaapcr7@gmail.com).

Received: 01/ 08/ 2023               Accepted: 29/ 08/ 2023

Abstract: 

The research was conducted on local Syrian chicken populations (black and brown) that were subjected to genetic improvement by selection in a previous study, which was group of parents selected from the base population and the offspring generation F1, to evaluate the genetic diversity between populations, using the molecular markers (RAPD-PCR). The importance of the research comes from the lack of local scientific research related to the genetic and molecular characteristics of the Syrian chicken, and its genotypes are mixed randomly and have not been subjected to any kind of genetic improvement, as these differences are important for molecular studies. The results of the study showed that using 12 RAPD-PCR primers, 7 of them were able to selectively amplify regions in the genome of Syrian chickens and showed clear Polymorphism differences between their bands. The molecular markers revealed 32 bands in the studied chickens and had a medium degree of genetic diversity as it amounted by 0.45, the main allelic frequency was 0.60, and the value of the Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) was 0.35. Cluster analysis to construct a genetic phylogenic tree showed that the studied accessions were distributed into three main populations, so that the RAPD-PCR markers were able to show the reflection of the phenotype and genetic improvement processes by selection on the latent genetic content. And as the markers R03 gave the largest number of bands, it reached 8 bands. This research is considered the first one in Syria to study the genetic diversity of both generations of parents and F1 of Syrian local chicken populations.

Key words: local chicken, RAPD-PCR, molecular markers, cluster analysis, genetic diversity.

Full paper in English: pdf

Yasmine Alewi ^*(1), Rema Al-Shoufy⁽¹⁾, Douha Azzam⁽¹⁾,  and Farah Abo-Khair⁽¹⁾

(1). The second agricultural faculty, Damascus university, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Yasmine Alewi. j.alewi@hotmail.com, J.alewi@damascusuniversity.edu.sy).

Accepted: 23/08/2023                           Received: 8/ 06/2023  

Abstract: 

The field experiment was carried out during the period from March to June 2022, with the aim of studying some growth indicators of wild wormwood seedlings Artemisia herba-alba Asso that were collected from Al-Deir area, Alswayda governorate, and cultivated in the village of Sama Al-Baradan in the same governorate, in the monoculture and intercropping with lentils Lens culinaris Medik. The results showed that the indicators of wormwood growth (the length and diameter of the plants) were increased insignificantly in the intercropping compared to the monoculture, but the % dried weight of wormwood decreased insignificantly in the intercropping to 53.1%, while it was 58.5% in the monoculture. As for lentils, the weight of 1000 grains/m² decreased significantly in intercropping to 210g/m², while it was 303.3g/m² in the monoculture, but the harvest index increased insignificantly to 60.7 in intercropping, while it was 59.4  in the monoculture of lentils, and the LER (Land Equivalent Ratio) was 1.42. The experiment showed a potential allelopathic inhibitory effect of A. herba alba on the weeds in the studied area.

Keywords: Intercropping, Harvest index, Land Equivalent Ratio, Allelopathy, weeds.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nadia Al khalaf^(1)*, Abboud aljasim ⁽¹⁾ and Mouhammed ALBalekh⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture-agriculture faculty- alFurat University, Syria

(*Corresponding author: E. Nadia Alkhalaf, E-Mail : nadiaalkhalaf5@gmail.com).

Received 6/06/2023                    Accepted: 7/08/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Deir Ezzor Governorate, Marat village, during the two seasons (2020-2021) according to a split plot design with three replications, to study the effect of using foliar spraying with humic acid on some characteristics of vegetative growth and productivity of cucumber crop. Four concentrations of humic acid were used (0 , 1000 , 2000 , 3000 ppm) and five levels of ground mineral fertilization with major elements N.P.K (0, 25, 50, 75, 100) %. according to the quantities recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform for the cucumber crop. The results showed that spraying humic acid at a concentration of (3000ppm) ppm achieved a significant increase in all the characteristics of vegetative growth and productivity, while the level of mineral fertilization (100%) was significantly superior to all other levels in the characteristics of vegetative growth and productivity. As for the interaction between them, the treatment was superior)3000 ppm X 100%) significantly for all the studied reactions in most productive traits, followed by the treatment (3000 ppm X 75%), where the total productivity of the two reactions reached (5617.1-4623.2 kg / d). so Foliar Spraying With an Humic Acid is recommended 3000ppm with addition mineral Fertilizer 100% to get an increase in all the characteristics of vegetative growth and productivity per unite area.

Keywords: Humic acid,(Cucumis. sativus L), Mineral fertilization, Vegetative growth, productivity.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Manar Zier ⁽¹⁾ , Aziz Assaad ⁽²⁾  and  Mazen Ashram ⁽¹⁾

(1). Research Center of latakia, General commission for Scientific Agricultural research, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Water and Soil Science,  Faculty of Agricultural Engineering,  Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.  

(*Corresponding author: Manar zier, Email: manarzier@gmail.com)

Received: 23/06/ 2023             Accepted: 31 /08 / 2023

Abstract: 

The research was conducted at the Al-Snobar Research Station, in Latakia Agricultural Scientific Research Center. The study aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of N (Nitrogen), P (Phosphorus), and K (Potassium) fertilizers on the content of the main nutrients on the roots, total green mass, and fruits of the pepper plant, Robber variety. The experiment included six treatments, with three replications for each treatment. T0 (3 Kg N- 0 Kg P₂O₅– 0.8 Kg k₂o), T1 (6.2 Kg N- 0 Kg P₂O₅– 0 Kg K₂O), T2(13.9 Kg N- 1.9 Kg p₂o₅– 3.7 Kg k₂o), T3 (21.5 Kg N- 4.7 Kg P₂O₅– 14.8 Kg K₂O), T4 (29 Kg N- 7.6 Kg P₂O₅– 26 Kg K₂O), T5 (36.9 Kg N- 10.4 Kg P₂O₅– 37 Kg K₂O) for greenhouse has an area 400 m2. The experimental design was based on Complete Randomized Blocks (CRB), and the statistical analysis was performed using the “Costat” program. The results showed that fertilization significantly influenced the studied traits. The results showed a significant increase in plant height in treatments T5 (36.9 Kg N- 10.4 Kg P2O5- 37 Kg K2O) and T4 (29 Kg N- 7.6 Kg P2O5- 26 Kg K2O) compared of the rest of the treatments, the highest plant height was recorded during the flowering stage in treatment T5 (20.76 cm). the dry matter increased in both the plant and fruits in treatments T4 and T5, the highest of dry matter in the plant (23.93%) and the fruit (5.76%) was obtained in treatment T4. as well as the concentration of NPK elements in the roots, total green mass, and fruits increased significantly in treatments T4 and T5 compared to the control.

Keyword: fertilization, sweet pepper, protected cultivation, dry matter, morphological traits.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Marwa   Afesa^(1)*, Mitiady Boras⁽²⁾ and Fahed sahuni⁽³⁾

(1). Al-issawiya counseling unit, Department of Agriculture Lattakia, Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Marwa  Afesa. E-Mail: Marwa.3fesa@gmail.com).

Received:  4/07/2023                     Accepted: 20/08/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out during the spring season of 2021 on bisaysin village(Jablah), lattakia governorate, the research aimed to study the effect of foliar spray with licorice root extract on some flowering and productivity indicators of summer squash “SYDRA F₁ HYBRID”. The experiment included four treatments the control and the plants being sprayed with licorice root extract by three concentrations(4,6,8)g\L, the experiment was designed as a randomized complete block with three replicates per treatment, and 15 plants in each  replicate. The results showed that foliar spray with licorice root extract 8g\L  achieved a significant difference as compared to other treatments in terms of all studied indicators,  it led to a highest values of number of female flowers, percentage of inflorescences, number of fruits, the yield of plant and production efficiency (22.9 flower\plant, 87.2%, 20 fruit\plant, 2482g\plant, 57.7%) compared with control plants(13.2 flower\plant, 69.1%,1048g\plant).

Keywords: summer squash plant, licorice root extract, flowering  indicators,productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf