Feras Alghamaz*⁽¹⁾, Mohammad Dikkeh⁽²⁾, and Younes Idriss⁽³⁾

(1). Ph. D. student. General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research.

(2). Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture University of Tishreen.

(3). Researcher – Research Director at the General Organization of Remote Sensing.

(*Corresponding author: Feras Alghamaz. Email: fghammaz@gmail.com ).

Received:   29/2/2024         Accepted:  15/5/2024

Abstract: 

This research was carried out during the 2021-2022 rainy season in the coastal region (Kassab Research Station). Four metal basins were installed on different slopes, with inclination angles of: 12%, 20%, 30%, and 57%, in order to study water erosion, estimate soil loss, and link this to the slope. The amounts of eroded soil were small in the two basins with inclination angles of 20% and 30%, as they were located between pine trees, while significant soil erosion was found and a greater amount of soil was lost in the basin with an inclination angle of 57% due to excessive slope, lack of soil surface coverage, and low organic matter. Due to the presence of soil with a loamy consistency, the tendency to erosion is severe. The reason for the decrease in the amount of soil washed away in the basin with an inclination angle of 12% is due to the low slope rate and the presence of clay texture, which is considered to be of medium susceptibility to erosion compared to other treatments. In contrast, the amount of soil washed away in the basin with an inclination angle of 12% is greater than the amount of soil washed away in the basin with an inclination angle of 12%. The slope is 20% due to the presence of forest vegetation. The study concluded that by monitoring the intensity of rain falling on mineral basins according to different tendencies, the percentage of soil loss increases with the increase in the rate of slope on loamy, loamy, and loamy soils on the one hand, and the absence of vegetation cover on the surface of the soil on the other hand.

Keywords: Water erosion, inclination angles, drifting soils, rain wrenches, mineral basins.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Feras AlKhzaim ⁽¹⁾, Aziza Ajouri⁽²⁾, Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban^*(3)

(1). Department of Soil Science and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University.

 (2). Department of Soil Science and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University.

(3). Department of Field Crop, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban. Email: Shaabany57@gmail.com).

Received:   3/5/2024           Accepted:  11/6/2024

Abstract: 

A field experiment was conducted at the Al-Sfireh Region in Aleppo using a completely randomized block design RCBD with three replicates. The search aimed to study the effect of soil application and foliar application by Zn’s chelate concentrations on the production of durum wheat variety Douma 1 and the content of Zn in soil, grain and straw through two seasons (2019/2020 and 202/2021). The treatments were foliar application of Zn by concentration (100, 150 ppm) and soil application by (150, 200 ppm) twice at tillering and spike heading, with control (without fertilizer). Results showed significant differences and superlatives of all fertilized treatments compared with control at all traits (soil, straw and grain content of Zn, thousand kernel weight and grain yield). The effect of methods of applications differs on grain yield from season to season. All foliar application treatments had superiority on soil applications for most traits. The grain yield increasing upon adding methods by 150 ppm ranged between 9.7-10.6% in foliar application compared with soil application

Keywords: Zinc Chelate, Soil Application, Foliar application, Durum wheat.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ali Sbieh*¹, Mohamed Matar², Qusay Alrhayeh¹ and  Wafaa Choumane³

(1) Agricultural Scientific Research Centre in Lattakia. Syria. 

(2) Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agricultural engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia. Syria.

(3) Biotechnology Centre, Tishreen University, Lattakia. Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ali Sbieh    E-Mail: ali_sbeeh@hotmail.com)

Received:   21/5/2024           Accepted:  26/6/2024

Abstract: 

The aim of this study is evaluating twenty-two tomato hybrids and rootstocks, widely planted in greenhouses in the Syrian coast, for their susceptibility to Fusarium wilt disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. This study conducted in the greenhouse in the Agricultural Research Centre in Lattakia, and in a greenhouse in Alideia in Jableh countryside during the years 2019-2020. The tomato seedlings were artificially inoculated with the spore suspension of the pathogen directly after planting in the pots. Disease intensity and severity were recorded, and the influence of the pathogen on plant productivity of fruits were also estimated after 100 days of inoculation in the trial of planting in highly infected soil. Results showed a big difference among tested cultivars in their susceptibility and disease severity. The high productivity hybrids (Astona, Bastona, Huda, Domna, Sentia, Sedra, Nasma, Jawaher, Ninar, Dalal, Samar, Dalina) were high susceptible to susceptible to the wilt disease, while, the rootstocks (Inpower, Empajador, Befort, Estamino, Bromeno) and the hybrids (Mandalon and Yosra) were high resistant, compared to other tested hybrids and rootstocks, which affect plant productivity, the production of fruit was decreased between (7 and 85)% according to the tomato cultivar.

Key word: Tomato, Fusarium wilt, Susceptibility, Hybrids and rootstocks, Productivity.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Fadi Abbas^*(1), Salwa Saadia⁽²⁾, Hassan Al-Shbat ⁽²⁾, and Fuad Wassouf⁽²⁾

(1). Director of researches at the Homs Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Homs, Syria.

(2). Researcher at the Homs Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Homs, Syria

 (*Corresponding author: Fadi Abbas, Email: fadiab77@gmail.com ).

Received:   28/5/2025         Accepted:  27/2/2025

Abstract: 

This research was carried out at the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, at the Homs Research Center during the 2022/2023, 2023/204 agricultural season, to study the effect of fertilizing with VC at rates of 2, 4, 6, and 8 tons. ha^-1 compared to adding 100% mineral fertilizer (225 kg of nitrogen in the form of urea 46% N, 100 kg phosphate in the form of triple superphosphate 46% H₃PO₄, 100 kg potash in the form of potash sulphate 50% K₂O/ha). Spraying treatment with VCT three times, with an interval of two weeks between spraying and the next, with half the amount of mineral fertilizer, in addition to a treatment without fertilization was considered as a control. The experiment was designed according to randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates. The results showed that the VC treatment of 8 tons.ha^-1 was superior to all the treatments studied, as this treatment achieved the best growth indicators (plant height, leaf area, and crop growth rate), and also achieved the best yield indicators (number of spikes, number of grains per plant, grain yield, and percentage protein in grains), The VC treatment 6 tons.ha^-1  achieved values similar to the 100% mineral fertilization treatment in grain yield, but superior to it in protein percentage. The treatment of spraying with VCT and the 50% mineral fertilization treatment also achieved significant differences over the 100% mineral fertilization treatment in the grain yield and protein percentage in grains. Thus, the research concluded that it is possible to replace mineral fertilization at a rate of 6 tons.ha^-1  VC to rationalize the use of mineral fertilizers and 8 tons.ha^-1  to increase grain yield. Half the number of mineral fertilizers can be dispensed with in exchange for three sprays of VCT.

Keywords: Vermicompost, Vermicompost tea, Growth, Yield, Durum wheat.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ammar Daher⁽¹⁾, Mohamad Kanouh⁽¹⁾, and Abdulnabi Basheer⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.

Received:   18/11/2024       Accepted:  6/04/2025

Abstract: 

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the fertility and feeding efficiency of the predatory Erythraeus (Erythraeus) phalangoides De Geer on those of each of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch and strawberries mite, Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov and Nikolskii. Average consumption of eggs, larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs and adult males and females of T. urticae by the predator E. (E.). phalangoides were: 15.91, 14.91, 13.87, 8.83, 6.55 and 8.63 from the previously mentioned prey stages, respectively. While the average amount of eggs laid when fed at the previous stages was: 24.13, 21.8, 21.69, 20.59, 19.84 and 20.29 respectively. Comparatively low numbers of different stages of T. turkestani were eaten by the predator. Average consumption of eggs, larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs and adult males and females of T. turkestani by the predator were: 13.4, 10.85, 9.66, 7.51, 6.7 and 6.75 from the previously mentioned prey stages, respectively. While the average amount of eggs laid when fed at the previous stages was: 23.07, 21.52, 21.32, 21.34, 20.78 and 21.05 respectively. The foregoing results showed that E. (E.). phalangoides can play an important role as a bio- control agent of two tetranychid mites T. urticae and T. turkestani.   

Keywords: Erythraeus (Erythraeus) phalangoides, Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus turkestani, feeding efficiency, Fertility.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ali Sbieh*¹, Mohamed Matar², Qusay Alrhayeh¹ and  Wafaa Choumane³

(1) Agricultural scientific research centre in Lattakia. Syria. 

(2) Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agricultural engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia. Syria.

(3) Biotechnology Centre, Tishreen University, Lattakia. Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ali Sbieh, E-Mail: ali_sbeeh@hotmail.com)

Received:   19/3/2024         Accepted:  23/6/2024

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the efficiency of local isolates of the fungus Trichoderma sp. and the bacteria Bacillus subtilis in the biological control of Fusarium wilt disease of tomato, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ‎‏ (‏FOL‏), in vitro and in the greenhouse. This research conducted in the Agriculture Research Centre in Lattakia during the years 2021 and 2022. The results showed the ability of the used isolates to inhibit the growth of Fusarium in in vitro, by 50% (by Bacillus subtilis) and 33% (by Trichoderma sp) on PDA medium. The results of planting in pots in greenhouse showed the ability of the fungus Trichoderma sp. and the bacteria Bacillus subtilis isolates to reduce the wilt severity percentage and to promote the growth of tomato plants compared to healthy and infected controls. The greenhouse trial confirmed the efficiency of tested isolates in decreasing the disease symptoms and increasing plant growth and production by 209.5%, by Bacillus subtilis isolate B.FZB27, compared to infected control.

Key words: Tomato, Biological control, Bacillus, Trichoderma sp, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici,

  Full paper in Arabic: PDF

A.N. Al-Omar ⁽¹⁾, A. Baradani ⁽²⁾, M. Baghdadi ⁽³⁾, and R. Al-Wada ⁽²⁾

(1). Research Director – General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Hama Research Center.

(2). Research Assistant – GCSAR – Hama Research Center.

(3). Researcher – GCSAR – Livestock Research Department.

(*Corresponding author:  A. N. Al-Omar, email: abdnaser64@gmail.com).

Received:   12/02/2024                Accepted:  15/05/2024

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the Sheep Research Station of the Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Hama during the year 2023 on twenty-four heads of growing male Awassi sheep with an average starting weight of 40.15 kg and an average age of (218) days, aiming to use coriander hay instead of wheat hay in Fattening male Awassi. The experimental animals were divided into four groups according to the type and percentage of filler feed. The first group was fed, in addition to the concentrated diet, a diet filled with 100% wheat straw alone. The second group was fed 75% wheat straw + 25% coriander straw. The third group was fed 50% wheat straw and 50% coriander straw. The fourth group was fed 25% wheat straw + 75% coriander straw. Coriander, and the experiment lasted for (104) days. The results showed that the daily growth rates of the fattening lamb groups (first – control, second, third and fourth) amounted to (209.94, 174.68, 189.1 and 173.08) g/day, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that the averages of the first and third groups were superior to the averages of the second and fourth groups, and it was noted that there were no statistically significant differences between the averages of the first and third groups, at a significance level (0.05%). The average conversion factor for the lambs (first, second, third and fourth) was (7.8, 8.7, 9.4 and 9.5) kg feed/kg live weight, respectively. It was also shown that there was no significant difference between the averages of the first and second groups, and that they were superior to the averages of the third and fourth groups, at a significant level (0.05%). Estimating the average economic cost of producing 1 kg of live weight for the experimental lambs (first, second, third and fourth) amounted to (31069, 34146, 35374 and 37227) Syrian pounds, respectively, which indicates the possibility of using coriander hay as a filling fodder in fattening male Awassi, and the best of them was the second group. Which contains 25% coriander straw and 75% wheat straw (experimental groups), as it gave a conversion factor equivalent to wheat straw and without any health problems or negative effects on fattening indicators when used in the proportions studied, which provides an important economic return for breeders.

Keywords: Coriander Hay, Wheat Hay, Male Awassi sheep.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Raneem Shaddod*⁽¹⁾, Mona Barakat ⁽²⁾, Wafaa Ghandour ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Latakia University, Latakia, Syria

(2). Department of Soil and water science, Faculty of Agriculture, Latakia University, Latakia, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Raneem Shaddod, Email: ranimsh561@gmail.com )

Received:   26/1/2025         Accepted:  6/4/2025

Abstract

This research aimed to study vegetation cover changes in the Balouran Dam basin area in Latakia Governorate using NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index), using RS (Sensing Remote) and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) techniques, in addition to estimating the C-factor of the study area basin using NDVI. Satellite images taken in November from the Landsat-8 OLT satellite were used for the years (2013-2015-2020-2023) then, the Satellite images were processed using a program Arc GIS 10.8.2, and then a statistical analysis was conducted using a program Genstat to test the significant differences in NDVI values between (2013-2023) years. An inverse relationship was found between C-factor and NDVI, where the highest value of NDVI was 0.6 in 2013, where the vegetation was homogeneously distributed in the study area, while its lowest value was 0.42 in 2015, and there was an improvement in vegetation cover in 2023 compared to 2015, as the C-factor values decreased to between (0.39-0.91) in 2023.

Keywords: GIS, NDVI, C-factor, Balouran Dam, Latakia, syria.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ibrahim MUBARAK⁽¹⁾* and Samir AL-AHMAD⁽¹⁾

(1). Scientific Agricultural Research Center of Tartous, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research – GCSAR, Tartous, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ibrahim MUBARAK, Email: imubarak1976@gmail.com, Mob.: 0932328681)

Received:   8/02/2025           Accepted:  26/06/2025

Abstract

Determining the optimal nitrogen fertilizer requirements and plant density of the sweet corn crop (Sugar king cultivar., the most widespread foreign cultivar in the Syrian coastal plains) is an urgent need from an economic and environmental point of view. Field experiments were conducted during two consecutive years 2022 and 2023 at the Zahid Water and Irrigation Research Station in Akkar Plain, to evaluate the response of this sweet corn cultivar to four planting distances 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm within planting row with 70-cm-row spacing, and to five levels of added nitrogen fertilization 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg N/ha, with three replicates. Results showed that planting distance at 20 cm produced the highest crop yield. It decreased significantly with increasing planting distance; while it improved with the addition of nitrogen fertilizer up to 120 kg N/ha level, then it decreased significantly with increasing the applied N-fertilizer level. Unlike the common practice among local farmers in the study area, which is based on planting this sweet corn hybrid at large spacings (50 cm) and fertilizing it with large and exaggerated amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, it is recommended to adopt both planting distance at 20 cm and level of added nitrogen fertilization at 120 kg N/ha because of their higher economic return.

Keywords: Sugar king hybrid; Drip irrigation; Clay soil; Husked cob yield.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Reem Ali⁽¹⁾ *, Fatima Kiwan⁽¹⁾, Hayat Yaseen⁽²⁾, Ahmad Shaaban⁽³⁾, and Ghorood ALasood⁽⁴⁾

(1).  Lattakia Research center, Lattakia, GCSAR, Syria.

(2).  Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Hama University, Hama, Syria.

(3). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(4). GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Reem Ali. E-Mail dr.reem.s.ali@gmail.com).

Received:18/11/2024          Accepted: 6/04/2025

Abstract: 

A field experiment was conducted at the Al-Sanobar Research Station of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia during the 2023 agricultural season with the aim of studying the effect of the three planting dates (1^st May, 15^th May, 1^st June) on some morphological and productive characteristics of three sesame cultivars (Zori, Z3/1/1/10, Z3/3/1/10). The results showed a significant effect of planting dates on all studied characteristics except for the thousand-seed weight. The results of the second date were characterized by the best values for most of the studied characteristics. The cultivar Z3/1/1/10 outperformed most of the characteristics as it was the earliest in flowering (54.2 days) and maturity (121.3 days), number of branches (4.6 branches/plant), plant height (135.7 cm), number of seeds (67.8 seeds/capsule), and productivity (2502.2 kg/ha.

Key Words: planting dates, cultivars, morphological characteristics, productive characteristics, sesame.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF