Mitiady Boras⁽¹⁾ Riad Zedan⁽¹⁾ and Reem Issa^*(1)

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Reem Issa. E-Mail: reem.issa12a@gmail.com).

Received: 07/02/2019                               Accepted: 05/07/2019

Abstract

The research aimed to study the effect of potassium humate treatments on growth and yield of the potato ‘Spunta’.  The experiment was carried out during spring season of 2018 in Banias. The experiment included four treatments (control without treatment, spraying plants, soaking the tubers, spraying the plants and soaking the tubers). The experiment included 4 treatments with four replicates for each treatment and at a rate of fifteen plants  for each, according to randomized complete block design. In general, the results showed that potassium humate caused stimulation of vegetative growth. This was shown in accelerating the germination of tubers, increasing plant lengths, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, number of tubers and plant yield. This effective was more evidence in the treatment of  tuber  soaking + spraying of plants. This treatment showed significant superiority in leaf area, plant  yield, dry matter and starch contents of tubers. The highest values which were recorded compared to other treatments, in terms of dry matter 19.6%, and the percentage of starch 13.5%, compared to 14.9% and 9.3% for control.

Key words: Potato, Potassium humate, Yield traits.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Abdel Aleem Bello^*(1)

(1). Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abdel Aleem Bello. E- Mail: abdelaleembello@gmail.com).

Received: 06/02/2020                               Accepted: 24/07/2020

Abstract

Knowing the interspecific and intraspecific differences of Mentha species is not easy, this is due to the polymorphism and variations in morphology and anatomy characteristics. Because of lack of local studies, it was necessary to taxonomically highlight some local Mentha species, so the aim of this research was to conduct a comparative study of the qualitative and quantitative variations of three local species of Mentha, to find out the distinctive and differentiating taxonomic characteristics for each species. Biometric measurements were taken to cover all stages of the plant’s morphological development including flowering and fruiting. The studied traits included 39 qualitative characteristics and 38 quantitative characteristics. The three studied Mentha species were identified as: Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita, and Mentha spicata. The studied species showed morphological and anatomical differences, for instance, the stem was hairy in Mentha longifolia and glabrous in the other two species, as well the leaves were velvet on both sides in Mentha longifolia and glabrous in the other two species with the exception of some few and short micro hairs on the margin and the apex of the leaf in Mentha piperita, and the leaves were petioled in Mentha piperita and either sessile or sub sessile in the other two species, Mentha longifolia was unique in the presence of hairs on the corolla, calyx, and flower pedicle. As for the quantitative characteristics, Mentha spicata possessed the largest diameter of peltate glandular trichome of 77.55 micrometer, and the largest length of fruity spike of 11.03 cm. The results indicated the variation of the studied species in a number of morphological and anatomical characteristics such as; the shape and dimensions of leaves and inflorescences, dimensions of the hairs and glandular trichomes, shape of pollen grains, length of polar and equatorial axis.

Key words: Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, Qualitative characteristics, Quantitative characteristics.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Rima Younes⁽¹⁾ and Mohamed Hisham Alnaasan^*(1)

(1). Applied Science History Department, Institute of the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohamed Hisham Alnaasan. E-Mail: mhishamalnassan@gmail.com).

Received: 01/04/2019                               Accepted: 08/05/2019

Abstract

Man has known the gardens since ancient times. Gardens have emerged since the beginning of human agriculture around houses, because of their spiritual and economic benefits. However, with time, techniques were developed for cultivation and irrigation, after that man started to think of entertainment and comfort, so he has been interested in plants species that please his eyes. Landscaping is considered an art of no less importance than other types of arts such as music and painting. It reflects the extent of human development, the development of techniques and the breadth of imagination. The presence of gardens is not modern, but is characterized by modernity and ancientness at the same time. The human view of the garden has not changed throughout the ages. It is a symbol of renewal, vitality, self-comfort, and an attempt to escape the burdens of life. Man has developed and transferred gardens from one country to another, so that different kinds of gardens have emerged. This research highlighted on the roof gardens of Arab scientific heritage, which were discovered from heritage texts, where these gardens were mentioned in the century (5 AH / 11 AD) and were overlooked in many sources and references. The types of cultivated plants were mentioned in the heritage texts, and the method of planting and transporting them was also mentioned, irrigated and coordinated. These gardens served as a lung and a respite of the building, adding an economic revenue to the population.

Keywords: Roof gardens, Heritage gardens, Heritage texts.
Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Wafaa Obiedou^*(1)

(1).Department of Horticultural, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Wafaa Obiedo. Department of Horticultural, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo).

Received: 01/06/2020                               Accepted: 25/08/2020

Abstract

The research aimed to know the effect of  different concentrations of calcium chloride and sodium benzoate on the physical and chemical characters of bananas fruits and the interaction between them to know the loss in weight, vitamin c and humidity, and the effect of these treatments on the vitamins and percentage of TSS (Total soluble solids). The results showed that the concentration of (9 g\l) was exceeded the other concentrations in conceding the weight loss which was (9.92 g) and diameter reduction which was (2.99 mm), while the percentage of  soluble solid materials was 113% and humidity loss was (8.15%), but the concentration of (6g\l) gave less in weight loss in vitamin C which was (2.30 mlg\100g). While the calcium chloride exceeded sodium benzoate in weight loss which was (15.32g), while the difference between calcium chloride and sodium benzoate in conceding the diameter, humidity, soluble solid materials and Vitamin C was not noticed when studying the interactions between them.  It was observed that the treatment of calcium chloride of 6 g\l concentration exceeded in conceding weight loss (5.28 g), and the calcium chloride of 9 g\l decreased diameter (2.018 mm) and vitamin C which was (1.055 mlg\100gr), while calcium chloride 3 g decreased soluble solid materials which arrived to (0.625%), but sodium benzoate at 9 g\l  reduced  humidity loss (5.99%).

Key words: Calcium chloride, Sodium benzoate, Banana, TSS, Storage.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Amjad Mtawej^*(1) Amir Ibrahim⁽²⁾ and Mohamad Hassan⁽³⁾  

(1). Directorate of Agriculture in Latakia, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Marine Biology, High Institute of Marine Research, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Amjad Mtawej. E-Mail: amjadmtaw@gmail.com).

Received: 25/08/2020                               Accepted: 22/09/2020

Abstract

Some juveniles fish and fingerlings prefer coastal estuarine environments for feeding, growth and reproduction. This research was done at three rivers estuaries of the coastal waters of Latakia i.e. AL-Kabir AL-Shamali River, AL-Sanawbar River and AL-Qandil River, during the period Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2015. Each station was divided into three different sampling sites: fresh water station (river stream), estuary station and a marine station. Fish were collected bi-monthly and several fishing methods had been used for this purpose. Some of the physical and chemical properties of the water were measured, and the locations and times of fingerling presence in the estuary were determined. Results revealed the presence of 42 fish species, distributed over 22 families and 6 orders. The largest number of species was in AL-Kabir AL-Shamali station, then in AL- Qandil station and finally in AL- Sanawbar station. The results revealed the existence of several fish species, which may be used in mari culture.

Key words: Fish diversity, Estuaries, Mariculture, Fish Fingerlings, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Amal  Ebrahim  Dayoub^*(1)

(1). Department of Environmental Protection, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Amal Ebrahim Dayoub. E-mail: aamaldd@yahoo.com).

Received: 08/07/2020                               Accepted: 03/09/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted for the first time at Syrian coast, by the aim of investigating the fauna of monogenean helminthes of economically important marine fish/ Genus Diplodus sp., breed in Al-Sinn fish farm, and their dynamics between natural and cultured environments. The study showed that fish samples (18 fish) of the genus Diplodus caught from Al-Sinn fish farm, belong taxonomically to two species: Diplodus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758), and Diplodus cervinus cervinus (Lowe, 1838). The results of the microscopic examination of wet smears taken from fish gills of Diplodus vulgaris, and Diplodus cervinus cervinu, showed the presence of a single species of monogenean helminthes belongs to genus lamellodiscus sp. (L.). L. elegans infected the gills of Diplodus vulgaris with a prevalence rate of 88.88%. The results of this study confirmed the interference of the parasites community in the natural marine environment and in the cultured environment. The Lamellodiscus elegans is one of the pre-recorded species on the gills of Diplodus vulgaris in the Syrian coast. The fingerlings of the fish that are raised were obtained from marine environment, not artificial hatcheries which could explain this interference between the two environments.

Key words: Lamellodiscus elegans (Monogenea), Diplodus sp., Al-Sinn fish farm, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Khalid William M. Farnar^*(1)

(1). Department of Marine Vertebrate, Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Khalid William M. Farnar. E-Mail: khaled_msc62@yahoo.com).

Received: 16/07/2020                               Accepted: 11/08/2020

Abstract

Sardines fishes (Sardinella longiceps) were brought from the Iraqi regional marine waters, Basra, during March and April 2019, to study the natural food selectivity using Manly`s ά index to determine the natural food selectivity, and food ingredients percentage, besides fullness index. Fish samples were transported to the laboratory using a container of cork after adding crushed ice to reduce food losing during transporting, where the average of total length was 16.2, 17.7 cm and the weight average valued 26.586 and 29.934 grams during March and April respectively. The results showed that the stomach fullness index attained 55 and 85% of all samples and fullness index reached 40.39 and 62.77 during March and April respectively. The percentages of nutritional components inside the stomach were as follow: animal`s remains 36%, crustacean`s remains 27%, fish`s residues 12%, phytoplankton and diatoms 17% and other digested materials 8% during March, while in  April the values were as follow: zooplankton 33%, crustacean`s remains 18%, fish`s residues 10%, phytoplankton and diatoms 28% and other digested materials  11%. The results showed that the food of the fishes from an animal`s origin was the prevailing food in the stomachs with an average of 0.25363, 0.21035 and 0.19804 of zooplankton, fish`s residues and crustacean`s remains from the total food during the study respectively .

Keywords: Sardines fishes, Food selectivity, Crustacean`s remains, Marine waters, Iraq.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Bashir Alboshi^*(1)

(1). Poultry Nutrition, Hama University, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: E-mail: Bashir-alboshi@hotmail.com).

Received: 29/06/2020                               Accepted: 25/08/2020

Abstract

A digestibility experiment was carried out using 45 unsexed chicks of a commercial broiler breed (Ross 308) which were taken from a hatchery nearby an experiment farm. Breeding started in 23/9/2017, to estimate metabolisable energy values of diets that feeding to chicks in first week of its life. Chicks were collected without need to complete operation of hatching to ensure chicks to be hatched at the same time. Chicks were placed in special cages that meet their purpose, to determine the amount of feed and chicks manure resulting from each studied group. Chicks were distributed into three groups, and each group divided into 3 sub-groups, where each sub group contains 5 chicks. Chicks were fed different diets as follows: Chicks of 1^st group were given broiler diet directly after hatching (control group). Chicks of 2^nd group were given broiler diet contain 5% glycerin directly after hatching and chicks of 3^rd group were given broiler diet contain 5% corn starch directly after hatching. Groups were fed (Ad-libitum) until the end of the experiment at the age of 7 days. The results showed that adding glycerin 5% in broiler diets increased apparently metabolisable energy and true metabolisable energy in this diet with significant differences (P≤0.05) compare with control group and cornstarch group. The results showed also that adding cornstarch had no significant differences (P≤0.05) compared with control group. The results showed no significant differences in average live weight of all groups studied at the end of first week.

Key words: Broiler chicks, Early nutrition, Metabolisable energy, Glycerin, Cornstarch.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Samawal S.A.Al-Tikriti*⁽¹⁾ and Zaid, H. A. Dakhil⁽¹⁾

(1). Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tikrit University. Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Samawal_1976@yahoo.com).

Received: 01/07/2020                               Accepted: 10/08/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted at quail farm, Department of Animal Production, Collage of Agriculture, Tikrit University during the period from 2/10/2019 to 7/1/2020, where the experiment of selecting the level of hemoglobin in the blood was conducted, as blood samples were taken from birds at the age of 14 days after which it was divided into three groups: control group with average hemoglobin level (11.33-11.67) gm/100 ml blood, group with high hemoglobin level (above 11.67) gm/100 ml blood, and group with low hemoglobin level (less than 11.33) gm/100 ml of blood, and each group was divided into 4 replicates, and in each replicate 12 birds, which was distributed in a sexual ratio (1:3) one male for every three females. The results showed significant differences in body weight at the age of four and five weeks, body weight at the end of production, feed consumption rate and the efficiency of food conversion between the three treatments. There were significant differences in favor of treatment of genotype with a low hemoglobin level for number of eggs produced and egg mass compared to the other two treatments, while the significance was not presented with regard of average age at sexual maturity, weight of the first egg and average egg weight. The differences were also significant in fertility rate of high and low hemoglobin level treatments compared to the control.

Key words: Japanese quail, Hemoglobin, Egg production traits, Fertility ratio, Hatching ratio.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Khalid William Farner⁽¹⁾ Qusai Hamid Al-Hamadany^*(1) and Amir Abbas⁽¹⁾

(1). Marine Vertebrates, Marine Science Center, Uni. of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Qusay Hamid Al-Hamadany. E-Mail: qusayhamid@yahoo.com).

Received: 30/07/2020                               Accepted: 27/09/2020

Abstract

Samples of artificial fish diets was brought from three selected private fish farms as a selected stations that were marked as A, B and C, to represent the stations in the south, central and north of Basra, respectively. Storage and stores  conditions were studied and microbial content lesson to the samples from the fish diets  after 20, 40 and 60 days of storage, using isolation and diagnosis of colonies using scientific sources, and the bacterial counting method. Microscopic colonies of microbial growths were identified. The results showed the presence of fungal and bacterial growths in all diets. Also, the results of examination, isolation, and diagnosis showed the presence of the following types of organisms that included each of the fungal colonies: Penecilum sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus falvus, and Mucor sp.). The identified bacteria were: Staphylococus epidermis, Bacillus sp., Strptococus sp., and Diplococci sp.). Their difference in proportions depended on the sample source and the time period of storage, and at a total count rate for the colonies during the study period of the bacterial colonies were Staphylococus sp. (14), Bacillus sp. (16), Strptococus sp. (14), Diplococci sp. (12), the innate Penecillium sp. (23), Aspergillus niger (26), Aspergillus falvus (25), Mucor sp. (25) for station A, and for bacterial colonies Staphylococus sp. (22), Bacillus sp. (19), Strptococus sp. (17), Diplococci sp. (17), the fungal Penecillium sp. (30), Aspergillus niger (32), Aspergillus falvus (28), Mucor sp. (24) for station B, and for bacterial colonies Staphylococus sp. (31), Bacillus sp. (27), Strptococus sp. (22), Diplococci sp. (25), the innate Penecillium sp. (33), Aspergillus niger (37), Aspergillus falvus (36), Mucor sp. (29) for station C, with a clear increase with increasing and worsening of storage period and  using the older diets feed. According to that, the result showed that the percentage of microbial growth was the highest at station C compared to stations B and A.

Key words: Microbial growth, Fish diet, Bacterial colonies, Fungal colonies, Storage method, Storage conditions.

Full paper in English: PDF