Zobaeda Ali Hussien ⁽¹⁾,Bassam Fahad Al Atalah* ⁽²⁾ and Nedal Jamil Sofan ⁽¹⁾

 (1) Faculty of Agricultural Engineering in Bath, Bath University,Syria.

(2). Researcher,Sweida Research Center/ General commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(^*Corresponding author: Bassam Fahad Al Atalah. Email:bassamatalah@hotmail.com )

 Received: 18/03/2020                               Accepted:13/05/2020

                      Abstract

This study was conducted at Sweida Research Center/ General commission for Scientific Agricultural Research/ Syria during the summer season of 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of seven pepper genotypes (local variety 10496, local variety 10743, pure line 129, pure line 110, Aleppo pepper, thick sweet pepper and deer horn pepper) cultivated in polyethylene bags towards salinity (control, 30 mM and 80 mM). This evaluation was based on a group of physiological and quantitative indicators and in addition to some tolerance indices. Split plot was used as a statistical design and the data were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA analysis. Results for the physiological and quantitative indicators showed a different behavior of the genotypes studied in the control as well as the salinity treatments 30 and 80 mM. As for the physiological indicators, deer horn pepper achieved the highest increase ratio (3.64%) in 30 mM treatment compared to the control and the lowest reduction ratio in 80 mM treatment (6.43%) for the relative water content indicator. Whereas the thick sweet pepper registered the highest reduction ratio compared to the control in 30 mM treatment (35.36%), and the lowest increase ratio in 80 mM treatment (0.5%) for electrolyte leakage indicator. The local variety 10496 registered the highest increase ratio compared to the control in both salinity treatments for chlorophyll a and b, whereas Aleppo pepper registered the highest increase ratio in 30 mM treatment compared to the control (14.71%) as well as the deer horn pepper registered the highest increase ratio in 80 mM treatment (11.83%) for carotenoids indicator. As for the quantitative indicators, pure line 129 achieved the lowest reduction ratio compared to the control in 30 mM treatment (7.57%) as well as pure line in80 mM treatment (30.66%) for plant height indicator. In addition, the lowest reduction ratio was recorded for the local variety 10496 in 30 mM treatment (17.94%) and for the local variety 10743 in 80 mM treatment (52.05%) for dry weight indicator. The local variety 10743 also continued to record the lowest reduction ratios in both salinity treatments (30 and 80 mM) for leaf number indicator (23.45, 52.83% respectively). As for the fruit number indicator, the lowest reduction ratios were registered for deer horn pepper in 30 mM treatment (6.39%) and for Aleppo pepper in 80 mM treatment (54.05%) while deer horn pepper achieved the lowest reduction values for productivity indicator in both salinity treatments. For stress tolerance indices, the results showed the ability of yield stability index and stress susceptibility index to distinguish the most salinity stress tolerant genotypes (deer horn pepper) from the most sensitive genotypes (the local variety 10743). This study suggested introducing deer horn pepper in breeding programs and working to raise its productivity due to its ability to tolerate salinity stress.

Keywords: Pepper, Salinity Stress, Local varieties, Cluster analysis, Salinity tolerance indices.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ibrahim Akram Mhanna^*(1), Fahd Ahmad Sahyouny⁽¹⁾ and Badie Mohammad Samra⁽¹⁾

 (1) Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(^*Corresponding auther: Ibrahim Mhanna. E-mail: Ibrahim.lattakia.93@gmail.com )

 Received: 04/07/2020                               Accepted:17/08/2020

Abstract

This research was carried out at an agricultural field in Lattakia countryside during the agricultural season 2019, to study the effect of the treatment with potassium nitrate and gibberellic acid-GA₃ on some growth and production parameters of pepper Capsicum annum L. This experiment was designed according to the randomized complete block design which included (9) treatments, each treatment included (3) replicates and each replicate included (20) plants. Potassium nitrate (0.4 + 0.8 %) and Gibberellic acid-GA₃ (25 + 50 ppm) were used as foliar spray. The results showed that potassium nitrate solution and gibberellic acid and their interactions had significant effect on the vegetative growth and production traits. The treatment of (potassium nitrate 0.8 % + Gibberellic acid-GA₃ 50 ppm) recorded the highest plant height (102.43 cm), number of branches (15.55 branch/ plant) and number of plant leaves (493.2 leaf/ plant) compared to control treatment which recorded (89.4 cm), (9.44 branch/ plant) a (352.6 leaf/ plant). This treatment also outperformed the other treatments, in production (6.06 kg /m²) while the control production was (3.93 kg/m²). With regard to the quality of fruit, the treatments of potassium nitrate (0.4 % and 0.8 %) recorded the highest value of dry matter percentage in fruits (9.98 and 10.17 %) respectively compared to control treatment. On the other hand, the various treatments gave positive results regarding vitamin C% as a result of plant development and growth strength. Therefore, foliar spray with potassium nitrate (%0.8) and gibberellic acid (50 ppm) can be used to improve the development and productivity of pepper under field cultivation conditions.

Keywords: Pepper, Potassium nitrate, Gibberellic acid, Growth traits, Production.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Jawa Daoud ^(1)*, Rashid Khrboutly ⁽¹⁾  and Amjad Badran ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture. Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University. Lattakia . Syria.

(2) Agricultural Scientific Research Center .Lattakia.Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Email: daoudjawa@gmail.com (0938477016)).

Received: 17/05/2020                                              Accepted: 06/07/2020

Abstract

The current study was conducted during the two seasons (2018 And 2019).on Diospyros kaki var (Hachyia).  Which grown at Boqa Botanical Research Center,Faculityof Agriculture, Tishreen  University , Lattakia. In order to assess the effects of different levels of fertilization treatments and the spraying of gibberellic acid on the productivity of Japanese persimmon trees.This study included the use of three levels of chemical fertilization (NPK) and comparison with the treatment of farmers and the presence of a control treatment without the addition of any fertilizer in addition to spraying trees with a solution of gibberellic acid GA3 concentration (25) ppm.This search was carried out according to  complete randomize block design which included (5) treatments: Control treatment, farmer treatment (500 g K2O + 500 g P2O5 + 500 g N), low fertilizing treatment (400 g K2O + 300 g P2O5 + 400 g N), medium fertilizing treatment (600 g K2O + 450 g P2O5 + 600 g) N and high fertilization treatment (800 g K2O + 600 g P2O5 + 800 g N) in addition to the use of organic fertilizing by (25) kg per tree for the previous four traitments. Each treatment included (3) repeats and each repeat included (3) trees .thus the number of trees that  used in the experiment (45) trees. Fertilization treatment and the spray of gibberellic acid (25) Ppm led to increase the fruit setting and tree production, as there is the highest percentage in the fruit setting in the high fertilization treatment, wich reached (67.42)%. Also, the highest tree production was found in the high and medium fertilization treatments, which reached to (31.93) kg. / The tree and (29.87) kg / tree, respectively, without significant differences between these two treatments, also contributed to improving the quality of the fruits either in terms of the average weight of the fruit or its content of ( total acidity –  total sugars – Total soluble solids – vitamin C) where the average fruit weight in the treatment of high fertilization reached (154.09) g while  The weight of the fruit in the witness treatment trees didn’t exceed (136.85) g. As for the chemical content of the fruits, the results of the statistical analysis indicated the superiority of the high and medium fertilization coefficients without significant differences between them, as the high and medium fertilization fruit levels from acidity reached (0.362) and (0.354) % compared to the witness which reached (0.235%). The fruit content of high and medium fertilization of sugars reached (16.74) and (15.81) %, respectively, between them, compared to the witness which reached (11.57) %. The fruit content of total dissolved solids amounted to (18.32) and (18.30) %, respectively, without significant differences between them compared to the witness which percentage was (14.06%). As for vitamin C), the results of the statistical analysis indicated the superiority of treatment The control of most of the studied treatments was vitamin C in the control of the control (43.72) mg/100g

Keywords: Diosoyros kaki, Fertilization, Gibberellic acid, Production, Quality

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Eyad Dannoura ⁽¹⁾,Hafez Mahfoud ⁽¹⁾,Ali Deeb ⁽²⁾

(1). General Commission For Agricultural Scientific Research (GCSAR), Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department Of Horticulture, Faculty, Of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Eyad Dannoura.Email: eyed.dannoura@gmail.com )

Received: 21/08/2020                                Accepted: 03/09/2020

Abstract

The research was conducted in 2016 in cooperation between Tishreen University and the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia and the Green House Company in Lattakia (Tissue Multiplication Laboratory), The aim of the research is to determine the best growth medium of type and concentration of growth regulators, where plant parts were obtained from one of the type of the wild apple variety Malus trilobata (Lab) from the Ariza site of the Qardaha Area in Latakia, This study reached a successful and detailed method for micro-vegetative propagation of the wild apple variety Malus trilobata (Lab) (growth and multiplication stage), Which sodium hypochlorite gave good results in superficial sterilizing to small vegetative growths, and the tow concentrations 1 and 0.5 mg / liter of BAP gave respectively the best men for the length and number of growths.

Key word: Wild Apple, Micropropagation, The Stage of Growth and Multiplication.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Awad alaswad
(1) Department of Forestry and Environment, College of Agricultural Engineering,
Al-Furat University, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Corresponding auther:. E-mail: dr.awadalaswad@gmail.com )

Received: 11/10/2001 Accepted:2710/0101

Abstract

The research was conducted at the Forestry Nursery of the Directorate of Agriculture in Deir Ezzor Governorate during the growing season of 2019. The objective of the study was to study the effect of humic acid application and different irrigation intervals on chemical composition of blue panic plant (Panicum antidotale). The experiment was implemented in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) by planting Panicum seeds in polyethylene bags filled with 2 soils to 1 sand mixture in four replicates. Whereas three irrigation intervals (7, 14, and 21 days) and two humic acid application treatments (control without addition and application of humic acid) were used. Fresh plant sample from each treatment was taken at each cut, and samples were dried at 70^C until weight was stable. Chmeical compostion was conducted for the samples and dry matter %, crude protein%, crude fiber %, total carbohydrate %, and ether extract % were estimated according the the common methods.  The results showed that the control treatment (irrigation every 7 days) was significantly superior to the two irrigation treatments every 14 days and 21 days in the percentage of soliable carbohydrates (42.09%). While, irrigation treatment every 14 days outperformed the other irrigation treatments and recorded the highest values of percentage of crude protein (17.07%) and the percentage of ether extract (2.73%). The irrigation treatment every 21 days gave the highest values of ash percentage (16.38%).  No significant differences were recorded between the irrigation treatments for the percentage of dry matter and the percentage of crude fiber. The control treatment of humic acid outperformed the addition of humic acid interms of the percentage of crude fiber (CF), while the treatment of addition of humic acid outperformed the control in the percentages of crude protein (CP), ash and ether extract (EE). No significant differences were recorded between the application and control of humic acid treatments in dry matter % and the percentage of soluble carbohydrates. The effect of the interaction between irrigation intervals and the application of humic acid was significant for all the studied characteristics. The control treatment (irrigation every 7 days) with the addition of humic acid recorded the highest values for the percentage of soluble carbohydrates (42.92%).  The irrigation treatment every 14 days with the addition of humic acid gave the highest values in the percentage of crude protein (17.81%), the percentage of ash (16.55%) and the percentage of extracted ether (2.81%). As for the irrigation treatment every 21 days with the addition of humic acid, had the highest values for the percentage of dry matter (96.25%).

    Key words:  Panicum antidotale plant, Humic acid, Irrigation intervals, Chemical composition, Crud protein, Total carbohydrate, Ether extract, Crud fiber.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Hazar Wakil^*(1) Hasan Alla Aldin⁽¹⁾ and Talal Amin⁽¹⁾

 (1).Forestry and Environment Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria..

(*Corresponding author: Eng.Hazar Wakil. E-Mail:amenmamon@hotmail.com).

Received: 01/11/2019                                Accepted: 28/12/2020

Abstract

This research aimed to the study of the propagation of stem cuttings of the Leyland cypress on three types of agricultural medium which were:the sand, turf and a mixture of turf and sand by percent of 1:1by  using IBA hormone in a concentration of (8000ppm). The work was conducted into the greenhouse Tishreen center of the Directorate of Agriculture, Lattakia. The experiment was designed by complete randomized blocks with four replicates for each treatment and 20 cuttings in each replicat. The experiment conducted in March 2019 and lasted for 4 months.The results were as follow: The mixture medium was the best for rooting where the percentage reached (66.7%), whereas in turf was (50.7%) and in sand (25.3%). The average of the length of the main roots was the highest in sand that it reached (9.80 cm), whereas the length was reduced in the mixture medium to (7.74 cm) and in the turf to (6.85). The use of IBA hormone increased the percentage of rooting from (0%) in the control treatment to (66.7%) to the cuttings treated with hormone.

Keyword: Leylandii cypress, Stem cuttings, Agricultural Medium, Rooting

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Malak Saboh* ⁽¹⁾ and Talal Ameen⁽¹⁾

 (1)- Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University,
Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Malak Saboh. E-Mail: malak.sabboh@gmail.com)

Received: 13/08/2020                                Accepted: 25/09/2020

Abstract

The study was conducted during 2018-2019 on some species of Thymus spp. spreaded in Lattakia’s  forestry. Morphological characteristics of the species identity has been determined based on study of 21 phenotypic characteristics for 36 genotypes belonging to three species of Thymus spp. which were Thymus capitatus Hoff. (Snobar Jableh), Thymus syriacus Bioss (Solas, Kasab) and Thymus cilicicus Bioss ( Al-Dalia) . Morphological indicators were used depending on formal characteristics of the leaves ,flowers ,fruits , and seeds. The morphological characterization results were analyzed using the statistical program NTSYS  and using Cluster analysis according to (UPGMA) method . Cluster analysis showed that the genotypes were divided into three separate groups. Each group included all the distinctive species. The morphological variance rate reached  93%.

Keyword: Thymus spp., morphological characterization, Cluster analysis

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Awad Mahmoud Al Aswad*⁽¹⁾

(1).Department of Ecology and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Furat University, Deir Ezzor, Syria.

(*Corresponding autho:  dr.awadalaswad@gmail.com)

Received: 10/05/2020                    Accepted: 02/07/2020

Abstract

The research was conducted at the Forestry Nursery of the Directorate of Agriculture in Deir Ezzor Governorate during the growing season of 2019. The objective of the experiment was to study the effect of humic acid application and different irrigation intervals on the growth and productivity of Panicum antidotale. The experiment was implemented in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) by planting panicum seeds in polyethylene bags filled with a mixture of soils to  sand (2:1) in four replicates. Also, three irrigation intervals (7, 14, and 21 days) and two humic acid application treatments (none addition and application of humic acid) were used. The growth and productivity parameters were recorded at each cut, where two cuts that were taken during the season (one cut each two months). Results indicated that irrigation interval of 7 days was significantly higher than the other irrigation intervals in plant height (cm), number of tillers, and fresh and dry wright (g) in both cuts and the study season. Application of humic acid surpassed the treatment  without humic acid addition significantly and recorded the highest values of plant height and fresh and dry weight of plant in both cuts. The studied parameters were significantly affected by the interaction between irrigation intervals and humic acid application, whereas irrigation interval of 7 days and application of humic acid was significantly higher than the other treatments and recorded the highest values of plant height of (56.75 and 50.28 cm), plant fresh weight of (18.35 and 18.95 g) and plant dry weight of ( 9.43 and 10.24 g) at the first and the second cuts, respectively;      

Key words:  Panicum antidotale plant, Humic acid, Irrigation intervals, Fresh and dry weight.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ilene Mahfoud ^{* (1)} and Suha Nbeaa ⁽¹⁾

(1).Forestry and Ecology department, Agriculture faculty, Tishreen university.Latakia –Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Email ilenemahfoud@tishreen.edu.sy)

Received: 19/11/2020                                Accepted: 11/02/2020

Abstract

The aim of this study was to use the Landsat 7 ETM+ and  Landsat 8 images (taken in 16 November 2016) for forest parameters estimation of the most important plantation sites of Pinus brutia Ten. in Jableh region. Thirty sample plots were used to conduct field work, during October and November 2016, covering the whole variance within area of study (Jableh). After that, linear regression relationships between the forest parameters (tree diameter and height, basal area and wooden stock) with the spectral bands of Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 images, were developed. Linear relationships between the forest parameters with  values of some  spectral indices calculated using the same  images, were also studied. The results showed  significant regressions (P value=0.05) between the forest parameters and the spectral bands of the Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 images. Regressions between the  forest parameters  and both of  band 5 (b5=0.85-0.88 µm) and band 9 (b9=1.36-1.38 µm) of the Landsat 8 image were non-significant. Results also revealed significant regressions between all studied spectral indices and  studied forest parameters (excluding EVI2 with basal area) . Consequently, reliable models were constructed  to get forest data for pinus brtuia Ten. groups in Jableh region, for the desired times, in case the same type of images, taken in the same period of the year, will be used.

Keywords:  Forest parameters, Turkish pine, Spectral indices, Landsat7, landsat8, Linear regression

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Noura Alhussein⁽¹⁾  , M. Taher Anan ⁽²⁾ and Yahia Mohamad Fareed ⁽¹⁾

• of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo.Aleppo-Syria
• of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Aleppo. Aleppo-Syria

(*Corresponding author:  00963934050014،  alhusseini.noura@gmail.com)

 Received: 05/01/2020                   Accepted: 06/02/2020

Abstract:

In this paper, Principal Components Analysis approach (PCA) and the Multilayer Feed Forward Neural Networks (MLFF) have been hybridized to improve the prediction of monthly rates of minimum, maximum and dry temperatures, wind speed, air pressure, relative humidity, and the monthly total rainfall of Aleppo city in Syria, and the  monthly rates of minimum, maximum and dry temperatures, vapor pressure, and rain precipitation of the Mon city in the state of Nagland in India, where three methods have compared, the first method have involved prediction using the (MLFF), while in the second one PCA has applied to the inputs of the MLFF network and prediction, and in the third one replacement the temperature series with the first PC have  proposed then (PCA) has applied to the inputs of the MLFF network and prediction. The results have showed the ability of the MLFF network to predict the weather parameters under study except the rainfall series as it is one of the series which doesn’t follow a specific rule, and the application of PCA approach to the inputs of the network has reduced the number of network parameters to be estimated, improved prediction results,  and the third proposed method has outperformed the Previous two methods for predicting the series under study.

KeyWords: Principal Components Analysis, Neural Networks, Prediction, Weather Parameters of Aleppo City, Weather Parameters of Mon City

Full paper in Arabic: PDF