Aulfat Monzer Hasan^*(1), Ali Khalil Dib ⁽¹⁾ and Ali Essa Elkhateeb⁽²⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Agriculture College Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2).General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Aulfat Hasan. E-Mail: aulfat85@hotmail.com).

Received: 11/06/2021                                 Accepted:29/07/2021

Abstract

The experiment was carried out during the 2019/2020 season in a citrus orchard in Myaar Shaker country south of Tartous city on Citrus sinensis L.var.Valencia trees to study the impact of foliar spray with salicylic acid (150 mg/l), citric acid (500 mg/l), potassium sulfate (2.5 g/l) and Fe(Fe-EDDHA)500 mg/l on the tree vegetative growth properties, and fruiting of Valencia orange. Foliar spray treatments were applied three times according to the phenological stages of trees. The results showed that the treatments significantly raised fruit set percentage and the percent of remaining fruit after June fall, and that they improved vegetative growth parameters compared to the control. Salicylic acid spray resulted in the highest percent of remaining fruit after June fall (11.11%) compared to the control (6.22%), citric acid spray gave the highest leaf area (27.47 cm²) compared to the control (22.3 cm²). Salicylic acid spray gave the highest fruit production (177 kg/tree) was superior to all the treatments, followed by citric acid (168 kg/tree). Regarding the chlorophyll index, salicylic acid spray gave the highest values with significant differences to all the treatments. The results showed that salicylic acid and citric acid sprays were more effective than potassium sulfate and iron chelate sprays in term of the studied parameters

Key words: Valencia orange, foliar spray, vegetative growth, fruiting

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nour Zien Alabiden ^{(1) *}, Ramdan Utra⁽¹⁾ and Mohamed Massri ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:Eng. Nour Zien alabiden. E-Mail: noor.zien@gmail.com)

Received: 7/07/2021                                   Accepted: 9/08/2021

Abstract

Apples are dried and used as snacks because they are rich in phenolic compounds, antioxidants, ascorbic acid, minerals and vitamins. Therefore, this research aimed to study the effect of the direct solar drying process and the indirect solar drying, by used of a hybrid solar dryer that was designed in this study, on the moisture content of apple slices, water activity, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, color change, and the effect of storage the dried product for a period of six months. These indicators were estimated during six storage periods (0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days). The results showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in moisture content in the slices dried by direct solar drying from 14.517% at the beginning of storage to 17.521% at the end of storage, while in the hybrid dryer from 11.218% at the beginning of storage to 14.209% at the end of storage, it also increased The values ​​of the water activity were significant by direct drying from 0.431 at the beginning of storage to 0.511 at the end of storage and in the hybrid dryer from 0.318 to 0.425. All color parameters changed significantly during storage depending on the drying method. The results showed that the color of the sample dried using the hybrid dryer was better and closer to the fresh sample. A decrease in the content of ascorbic acid was observed from the beginning of storage to its end by direct drying from 45.296 mg/100 g to 22.5 mg/100 g dry weight, and in the hybrid dryer from 65,741 mg/100 g dry weight to 32.5 mg/100 g dry weight. The total phenol content decreased significantly from the beginning to the end of storage. The results showed that the moisture content was lower with the hybrid dryer by 3.299% compared with direct solar drying, and the product retained better color and higher content of ascorbic acid and total phenols and thus better quality compared to direct solar drying.

Key words: solar drying, dried apple, hybrid dried, ascorbic acid, total phenols

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Malaz Albasha^*(1)

(1). Science university, Department of chemistry, Aleppo university, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Malaz Albasha. E-Mail: malazalbasha9@gmail.com)

Received: 5/10/2020                                   Accepted: 16/06/2021

Abstract

In this study (the research laboratories of Chemistry Departments-Aleppo University, Syria, 2018), the active components of the aerial parts of Ruta chalepensis L plant was extracted by using different solvents of methanol 70%, ethanol 80, ethyl acetate and hexane. The methanol 70% and ethanol 80% extracts of Ruta chalepensis L were produced excellent antimicrobial activities (1.5 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) against three strains of gram-positive bacteria; Bacillus substilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans and three strains of gram-negative bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. And three species of fungi (2×10⁵) spores/mL; Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. All extracts showed DPPH radical scavenging activity in a concentration–dependent manner. The extracts were used for anticoagulant assays PT and APTT assays with different concentration of the extracts. The methanol 70% and ethanol 80% extracts of Ruta chalepensis L prolonged the time taken for blood clotting in all the tested methods. The activity was increasing as the concentration of extracts increased.

Keywords: Ruta chalepensis L, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticoagulant, DPPH.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Tahani Al-idee ^{(1) *} and Maysam Jalees ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Food Technology, General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Tahani alidee. E-Mail: tahane.alidee@yahoo.com)

Received: 18/06/2021                                 Accepted: 9/08/2021

Abstract

 The research was conducted at the laboratories of general commission of scientific agricultural research and the main laboratory of grain in the Sbeineh region during 2019, with the aim of studying the properties of wheat flour fortified with flaxseed flour. Wheat flour was replaced by flaxseed flour in different ratios (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) and the effect of the addition on some physiochemical, functional and rheological properties was studied. The addition of ground flax seed led to a darkening in the colour of the resultant mixtures, and the darkening of the mixtures increased from 1.89 in the control sample to 12.87 degree in the fortified sample with 20%. An increase in the falling number was recorded from 346 to 394 second with an increase in the addition of flaxseeds from 0 up to 15%. The water absorption increased from 62.15% in control sample to 65.15% in the sample with 20% of flax flour. Increasing the ratio of addition up to 20% resulted in an increase in the development time (5 min) and stability (3.5 min), while the degree of softening decreased (80 BU) compared to the control sample (90.1 BU). A decrease in extensibility from 170 mm in control sample to 75 mm for 20% flax flour sample. Also, substituting flaxseed flour for wheat flour up to 15% caused an increase in area and reached to 6.15 cm².

Keywords: wheat flour, Flaxseed, Rheological Properties, Extensibility, Area.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Youssef Mousa Zayeid ^{(1) *} and Altaib Noah Altaib ⁽²⁾

(1). Entomology Sector, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Libya.

(2). Higher Institute of Agricultural Technologies, Al-Marj,Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Youssef Mousa Zayeid .E-Mail: ymzaied@yahoo.com).

Received: 20/07/2021                                Accepted: 21/11/2021

Abstract

This study was carried out from January 2018 to December 2019 in Al Jabal Al Akhdar region which amid to identify the species of suborder Anisoptera family Aeschnidae in twelve sites. The results indicate occurrence of three species, Anax ephippiger, A.imperator and A.parthenope that were identify  depended on the external characteristics of the adult The species Global distribution are given .

Keywords: Odonata , Anisoptera , Aeschnidae, Anax spp., Al- Marj , Libya.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Ali Al-haj Akeel^(1)*, Muhammad Nour Al-dean Al-tenbi⁽¹⁾ and Youssef  Khoudary⁽²⁾

(1). Rural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo.

(2).  Soil Reclamation Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo.

(*Corresponding author: Ali Al-haj Akeel. E-Mail: ali.hagaqil@gmail.com).

Received: 25/02 /2021                         Accepted: 20/04/2021

Abstract

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of different roller shapes (smooth, sharp discs, serrated discs, reciprocating discs) on loam soil physical characteristic and the productivity of lentil yield. An Experiment conducted at village of Tarhine, in the Al-Urimah area in the governorate of Aleppo, bypassing the rollers over the soil after planting in its various forms, and then comparing it with the treatment of control. The results showed that all forms of roller worked to increase the bulk density value and reduce the porosity value, in contrast to the disc roller treatment that reduced bulk density and increased porosity, as well as all forms of roller worked to reduce the value of soil moisture content, compared with the control treatment. Also, all shapes increased the resistance to soil penetration in different percentage compared to the control, and the highest was in the smooth roller and the lowest in the disc roller. Among the indicators of the ability of the soil to retain water after irrigation, the building factor, the percentage of germination and the productivity of the lentil crop. These indicators were the highest in the treatment of reciprocating roller, while the smooth roller treatment gave the lowest values ​​for these indicators.

Keywords: roller, bulk density, porosity, Physical Properties.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Zeinab Hasso ^{* (1)}, Maher Yousef ⁽¹⁾ and Nerouz Ferdawi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Zeinab Hasso. E-Mail: zeinabhasso1992@gmail.com).

Received    21 / 12 / 2020               Accepted    24/02/2021                         

Abstract

The aim of the research is to analyze the risk in the layer Poultry Farms of eggs in the governorate Aleppo, using the uncertainty (CE) method through the estimation of the functions of each breeder of the layer poultry breeders in the studied governorate, and use the coefficient pratt to see the desire of the producer towards risk, and use multiple linear regression model to analyze the relationship between the risk factor (dependent factory), and some of the socio-economic characteristics of the farms (independent factors). Search adopted in the implementation of the initial data for a sample of Poultry egg were chosen in a manner stratified random sample, and the volume of the sample (16) breeders. The results of that analysis (43.76%,31.25%,25%), educators were neutral towards risk, do not want to risk, they want to risk, based on that, all the breeders were taken, in order to estimate the benefit function and risk factor for each breeder the results of applying the multiple linear regression model that the experience factors and the number of birds positively affect the risk factor, and the number of individuals and the area of domesticated animals negatively affect the risk and affect the dependent factors Y of (78%), and (22%) of the effect is due to other factors has not been studied.

Keywords: Egg Producers -Social Characteristics -Economic Characteristics -The Risk -Aleppo Governorate.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Yousif ⁽¹⁾,Ghiath Alloush *⁽²⁾ and Ahmad Jaloul ⁽¹⁾

 (1). Department of Hoticulture- Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Water Sciences- Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author, Dr. Ghiath Ahmad Aloush, E-Mail. galloush@scs-net.org)

Received 9/12/2020                  Accepted:  23/03/2021

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the tolerance of four tomato hybrid to salinity (Shanon, Merel, Julnar, and Astona) widely grown in greenhouses to salinity (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) grown in nutrient solutions. Shanon hybrid had a higher shoot growth in non-saline nutrient solution (control treatment) by 10, 48, 85% compared to Astona, Julnar, and Merel, respectively. Shoot growth decreased gradually with increasing NaCl concentrations in the nutrient solutions. There were differences among tomato hybrid in their salinity critical level in which 50% of the growth is decreased. Shanon had greater shoots compared to other tomato hybrid in all applied salinity levels. Salinity influenced roots which became stunted, thick and easy to break at 75 mM NaCl, and became slobby when NaCl reached 150 mM in the nutrient solution. Root systems were reduced by 71, 46, 67, and 56% at 150mM NaCl treatments for Astona, Julnar, Merel and Shanon compared to control in which no salinity was induced. Shanon had a long root system (136 m/plant) in the control treatment compared to 113, 90, and 77 for Astona, julnar, and Merel respectively. Root growth was reduced by salinity in all hybrids right from 25 mM NaCl, but however Shanon remains with the highest root length at all applied salinity levels. Shanon root system showed a higher efficiency to absorb nutrients and nutrient translocation to the shoots for most nutrients when compared to Merel, Julnar, and Astona. All inflow rates and specific accumulation rated in the shoots were reduced gradually with increasing salinity up to 150mM NaCl in the nutrient solutions. The critical salinity level (50% reduction) varies among tomato hybrid, 50 mM NaCl for Merel and Astona, 75 mM for Julnar, and 100 mM NaCl for Shanon.

Key words: tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), salinity, nutrient uptake, hydroponic culture, greenhouse.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Faten alsafadi*⁽¹⁾, Hesham Alatwani⁽¹⁾, Abdel Mohsen Marie⁽²⁾ and Ramzi Murshid⁽³⁾  

(1). Sweida Research Centre -General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

 (2). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author:Dr. Faten alsafadi, E.mail:  .f.alsafadi@gmail.com.)

Received: 19/01/2021                                 Accepted: 25/03/2021

Abstract:

This study was conducted at GCSAR-Swaida research center (Hout station) during the season 2018-2019, to evaluate six melon inbred lines P1(104)، P2(106)، P3(108)، P4(113)، P5(116) and P6 (118) and their 30 F₁ hybrids produced by complete diallel mating design, using RCBD with four replications. for estimate the general combining ability (GCA) effects for each parents, and the specific combining ability (SCA) for hybrids and their reciprocal, in addition to evaluate the broad and narrow sense heritability for some fruit quality traits of melon (fruit pulp thickness, dry matter, total soluble solids, total sugar, monosaccharaides, disaccharides, carotenoids, vitamin C).  The variance of GCA and SCA were significant for all studied traits, indicating the importance of additive and non-additive effects in the inheritance of these traits. The parent P5(116) showed positively significant and desirable general combining ability effects for the traits of carotenoids and sweetness of the fruits, and the parent P4(113) for the traits of the total sugars and disaccharides. The hybrids P1×P6, P2×P3 and P2×P4 showed positive specific combining ability effects for monosaccharaides, and the hybrids P1×P2 and P2×P5 for total sugars and monosaccharaides, and the hybrids P3×P5,P4×P5 and P5×P6 for disaccharides, and P1×P5 hybrid for the fruit content of carotenoids, and P1×P4 and P2×P3 hybrids for the fruit content of vitamin C, and four hybrids showed positively significant reciprocal effects for dry matter trait. The GCA/SCA showed that the non-additive gene action effects controlled the inheritance of all studied traits. The Estimates of the broad sense heritability was high in all traits. While the narrow sense heritability was an intermediate estimate for fruit content of carotenoids and total soluble solids.

Keyword: Combining Ability, Heritability, Melon, total sugar.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Sally Abo Akel⁽¹⁾, Walid Naffaa^(2)*,  and Mohammed Jamal Mando⁽¹⁾

(1). Plant Protection Research Admin., General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Damascus University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:Dr. Walid Naffaa. E-mail:  walid1851966@yahoo.com )

Received: 14/04/2021                                 Accepted: 10/05/2021

Abstract

Potato Solanum tuberosum L. is one of the most important food and industrial crops worldwide. Black scurf, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. [teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. Frank) Donk], is an important disease associated with potato cultivation worldwide including Syria. Nineteen isolates of R. solani were obtained from sclerotia formed on infected potato tubers, collected from fields in Homs and Aleppo governorates during the spring season (February, March, & April), and from fields in Damascus countryside (Sa`sa) and Daraa governorates during the summer season (August, & September) in 2018-2019. The isolates varied in their morphological characteristics (colony colour and appearance), ability to form sclerotia, colour of sclerotia and where they were placed on the plate. The molecular study, using a pair of specific primers (ITS4-B / AG3-1F) for R. solani (AG3) detection, and another pair of specific primers (Rs2R1 / Rs1F2) for AG3-PT detection, showed that 78.95% of R. solani isolates belonged to the sub-group AG3- PT, except the isolates Rh4, Rh12, Rh14, Rh19 (21.05 %) that might belong to one or more of the non-AG3 anastomosis groups infecting potatoes. Up to our knowledge, this is the first study in Syria for the molecular detection of R. solani anastomosis groups.

Key words: Rhizoctonia, anastomosis groups, black scurf, potato, molecular identification.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf