Hala Mohammad ^(1)*

(1) Field crops department, Faculty of Agriculture,  Tishreen University, Lattakia,  Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Hala Mohammad. E-Mail: halamohammad445@gmail.com).

Received:23/09/2021          Accepted:30/11/2021

Abstract

The research was carried out in Lattakia Governorate – Jableh (Arab Al-Malik) region – for the agricultural season 2020-2021 to study the effect of spraying with bread yeast on the productive and qualitative characteristics of coriander plants, where four concentrations (0, 4, 8, 12) g/l were studied. In a random sector manner, yeast was sprayed three times (the beginning of branching, the beginning of flowering, and the beginning of the decade), the averages were recorded and the significant differences were calculated, where the results showed that the treatment of 12 g/l in all the studied traits was significantly superior to the control and to the other studied concentrations. It also achieved significant superiority in the trait (number of inflorescences, the weight of 1000 fruits, hectare productivity, and percentage of essential oil (0.4%), while there were no significant differences between the two concentrations (4.8 g/l) in the trait (number of leaves and number of inflorescences) on the plant. The percentage of essential oil

Keywords: Coriander, Bio-Fertilizer, Bread Yeast, Productive Qualities, Essential Oil.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nour Shahin⁽¹⁾                   

(1) Water engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Damascus University, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Nour Shahin . E-Mail: Jolie.n.2019@gmail.com).

Received:7/03/2021            Accepted:25/04/2021

Abstract

Climate change and its heinous effect on agriculture are inevitably impacting the farmers’ livelihood. Climate change and farmers’ perception of it have increasingly been considered important among researchers and induce them to look for scientific discourse and strategy. This paper provides an analysis of existing scientific research contributions on farmers’ perceptions about climate change from 1999 to 2020. The bibliometric method was used for the analysis of 888 articles from the Scopus database. The results were analyzed with specific variables and represented through clusters of geographical networking maps by using VOS viewer (version 1.6.15). Among the top 10 countries on the basis of a higher number of research papers contributed, the United States is identified as the top country followed by Australia and the United Kingdom. The central axis of the research papers from these countries has been temperature, rainfall, traditional knowledge, smallholders, and adaptation strategies. Ghana, being the lowest contributing country, has been suffering from climate change-induced disasters. Interestingly, it has been statistically. Moreover, this correlation might have been influenced by other factors, which may be stuto ascertained that the higher the research-based based scientific publication, the lower (better) the climate change vulnerability index among the countries studied. However, it is also found that this correlation is not significant further.

Keywords: Agriculture, Climate change, Perception, Bibliometric analysis.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Leen Almukaddem*⁽¹⁾  Jamal Alali⁽²⁾, and Wael Habib⁽³⁾

(1) Tartus Center for Scientific Agricultural Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(2) Department of Agricultural Economy. Faculty of Agriculture, Albaath University, Homes, Syria.

(3) Latakia Center for Scientific Agricultural Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Leen Almukaddem. E-Mail: leeno1411@yahoo.com).

Received:6/01/2021            Accepted:29/11/2021

Abstract

Although agriculture is considered the dominant economic activity in rural areas, rural households participate in various other livelihood activities to improve their income and achieve food security. The study aimed to analyze the rural households’ livelihoods in the coastal area and their impact on food security status. The research relied on collected preliminary field data using a questionnaire form during the months of (October and November) of 2019, the research was conducted on a random sample of 382 farm households distributed between Lattakia and Tartous governorates based on their percentage of the total number of households. The impact of the Livelihood Diversity Index and other variables on the Food Security indicator (Food Expenditure Share FES) were studied, using descriptive analysis methods and a multi-linear regression model. The results showed that besides agriculture, 94% of households work in other activities, and the average contribution of non-agricultural activities to total household income was about 67.8%. The household food security indicator showed that about 53.6% of households were food insecure. The results showed a positive impact on the number of family members, the age of the head of household, and the dependency ratio, while the Livelihood diversification index, Income and the number of owned machines have had a negative impact on the food security indicator. The study recommended the necessity of improving farm income, and working to develop non-agricultural activities because of their importance in improving food security status of rural households, without adversely affecting agricultural production.

Keywords: Livelihoods, Food Security, Income Diversification, Income, Farm Households.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Shaza Turkmane  ⁽¹⁾, Iskandar Ismail ⁽²⁾, and Kena Kamal Al-deen*⁽³⁾

(1) Socio-Economic Studies Department, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2) Department of Agricultural Economy, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Kinan kamal Al-deen, E-Mail: kenana76@gmail.com.)

Received:25/02/2021                   Accepted:27/05/2021

Abstract

The research was conducted in Swedaa governorate, Syria, and it based on a random sample of 186  non- irrigated Grapes farmers on the first – second stability zones. Data was collected using special questionnaire designed for this purpose. The research aimed to study effect farm size on costs and productivity non- irrigated Grapes crop and estimate the cost functions in order to reach economic sizes of production and farm. The sampled farms were divided into four classes based on size. The results showed that the production, return, net return and the net profit of 1 SYP/ Donnum were increased along with size of the farm .By using one way Anova, The analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences among the size of farms based on the above-mentioned measures. By estimating the cost function in the short and long runs, the results showed that the production minimizing cost increases as the farms size increases as it amounted to about 871.7 Kg/ Donnum,907.1 Kg/ Donnum,1069.1 Kg/ Donnum in first ,second ,and the third size classes respectively on the first stability zone. and that the production minimizing cost increases as the farms size increases as it amounted to about 755 Kg/ Donnum,814.4 Kg/ Donnum,914.1 Kg/ Donnum, in first ,second  ,and the third size classes respectively on the second stability zone n the other hand, the optimum size of scale amounted to about 42.5 Donnum wherein the optimum production is 1404.2 Kg/ Donnum on the first stability zone. and the optimum size of scale amounted to about 77.2Donnum wherein the optimum production is 1072.3 Kg/ Donnum on the second stability zone Therefore, cultivation of the non- irrigated Grapes in larger scales will result in the optimum production with minimized cost.  The study emphasized the need to aggregate holdings in order to reduce production costs and to achieve better returns to scale.

Keywords: Non- irrigated Grapes, Cost function, Economic scale.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Issam Bilal^(1)*,Ali Dib⁽¹⁾, and Fahd Sahyoni ⁽²⁾   

(1) Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2) Second Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Issam Fadl Bilal. E-Mail: issamblal3@gmail.com)

Received:28/10/2021          Accepted:27/12/2021

Abstract

The study was carried out during the years 2019 and 2020 at Blouta village of Al-Haffa city in Lattakia governorate, in apple orchard (Starking Delicious), total area of 5 dunums, on trees 20 years old and planted with (5*5) m spacing and grafted on Malus domestica Borkh rootstock. aim of the research was to study the effect of foliar spray with boron and ascorbic acid On content of the leaves of total chlorophyll and mineral elements and the quality of the fruits of the Starking Delicious apple variety and to determine the compound that achieves the best results. The experiment was designed in complete randomized way, and included four treatments with five replications and one tree in each replication: (T0) control: Spray only with water, (T1) Spray with boron at a concentration of  170 ppm, (T2) Spray with ascorbic acid at a concentration of 0.5 g/L, (T3) Spray with boron at a concentration of  170 ppm and Spray with ascorbic acid at a concentration of 0.5 g/L. Foliar spraying with boron at a concentration of 170 ppm and ascorbic acid at a concentration of 0.5 g/L, alone or complex, improved the studied characteristics. The treatment of foliar spraying with boron at a concentration of 170 ppm and ascorbic acid at a concentration of 0.5 g/L together gave the best results, as it increased the content of leaves from chlorophyll (2.60) mg/l, nitrogen (2.09)%, phosphorous (0.22)%, potassium (0.56)%, and boron (44.9)ppm compared to the control (1.86 mg/g, 1.15%, 0.15%, 0.43%, 19.4ppm) respectively, and it gave the largest weight and increased size of the fruit (172.9 g, 185.8 cm³) compared to the control (143.8 g, 155.6 cm³), respectively, and the percentage of total soluble solids and total sugars (16.15%, 13.51%) compared to the control (13.51%, 11.38%), respectively.

Keywords: Apples, Starking Delicious, Foliar Spray, Ascorbic Acid, boron.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rana Al-Mansour *⁽¹⁾ , khetam Idris ⁽²⁾, and  Jamal Al-Ali ⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Agricultural Economics , College of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Homas, Syria.

(2) Homs Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author, Rana Al-Mansour, E-mail: ral986727@gmail.com).

Received:22/08/2021          Accepted:4/06/2021  

Abstract

The research aims to estimate the production functions of almond according to cultivated varieties and to identify the main factors affecting almond production in the province of Homs for 2019 by assessing the economic efficiency indicators of the resources used to measure the impact of each element used in almond production on the volume of production. In addition to determining the production phase in which the production is implementing by the sample farmers. It has relied on the achievement of its objectives on the multiple regression method in estimating the production functions of the primary data collected through face-to-face interview with the farmers in the eastern district of  Homs province. The results indicated that the varieties of almond grown for green consumption (Auja – Frog) had the highest productivity compared with the rest of the cultivated varieties in the studied area, reaching (245.2) and (241.51) kg/dunum,respectively, followed by the French almond variety, where its productivity reached (164.7) kg/dunum; whereas, the lowest productivity was for the municipal variety amounted to (104.48) kg/dunum. It was also found that the productive elasticity’s of all almond varieties in the sample operate in the first phase of increased production. They reflect the revenue of the decreasing capacity. At the economic efficiency level, it has become clear that the economic efficiency limit of the factors considered has not been reached. The economic efficiency factor has increased in value compared to the standard limit, i.e., another combination of production inputs can be used to make the value of marginal output equal to the opportunity cost, enabling increased production and higher production efficiency of farmers in the studied area.

Keywords: Almond Production – Production Functions – Production Efficiency – Production Flexibility – Economic Efficiency Factor.

full paper in Arabic: pdf

Osama Yosef^(1)* , Imad Alhorani⁽²⁾, Michel Nicola⁽³⁾ , and Shaza habib⁽⁴⁾

(1) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Scientific Agricultural Research Center of Moms.

(2) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Tartous Center.

(3) Al-Baath University, College of Agriculture.

(4) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Salmia Center.   

(*Corresponding author, Osama Yosef, E-mail: osamayosef2021@gmail.com).

Received:24/08/2021          Accepted:16/03/2021  

Abstract

Providing forage is a major challenge for the development of livestock, and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes plant may be one of the local sources of this forges, so research has been carried out at the Salamiya center for Agricultural Scientific Research in (2020), to determine the physical and chemical characterizations of the water hyacinth silage and its impact on fattening the lambs of the Awassi lambs, The results showed that the treatments were containing the air-dried water hyacinth (T1,T2, and T3) were of good smell and texture (4.1-4.20), while, treatments (T4,T5) had a high PH (6.8-7.32) and bad smell therefore, it didn’t use in feeding, in other hand, The results of feeding showed no significant differences between fattening lamb groups in the qualities studied (0.05), and the second treatment apparently outperformed both total weight gain and daily weight gain (11.12±0.5, 210±17) followed by the third transaction (11±0.38, 196±4) compared to the witness group (9.62±1, 172±2.1). The study recommends the manufacture of nile flower silage according to the ratios (83% Nile flower, 5% moulas, 2% urea, and 10% hay), and recommends using 50% nile flower silage as feed-in feeding the lambs of the awas.

Keywords: Forge, Water hyacinth,  silage, Awassi lambs, and growth parameters.

full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nermen ahmad ^(1)*, Mazen Nassour ⁽¹⁾, and Sawsan Haifa ⁽²⁾

(1 ) Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) Department of soil and water science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University,Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Nermen Ahmad, E-Mail: nermen_eng86@yahoo.com).

Received:28/08/2021          Accepted:14/12/2021  

Abstract

This study has been carried out for the growing season (2018-2019), in the nursery of Lattakia city council, in cooperation with Tishreen university labs, In order to study the effect of five treatments on the quantity and quality of the essential oil of the Tuberose flower, which is fertilized with (2) kg/m2 organic fermented manure. These treatments included: Irrigation with potassium humate at a concentration of 1.5 g/l/m2(T2), and foliar spraying with salicylic acid at a concentration of 0.2g/l (T3), and foliar spraying with micro nutrients at a concentration of (0.15%Zn + B 0.01% + Mn 0.15%) (T4), and a combination of potassium humate, salicylic and micro nutrients with the  previous concentrations (T5), in addition to the control treatment (T1). the treatments were arranged in spreader according to Complete sectional design. The result showed that all treatments have exceeded the control treatment (T1) for the quantity(0.098)%, and quality which was determined by the content of Benzenoid compounds in the first place (12.8) %, and Terpenes (sesqui ,mono) in the second place (4.7, 3.6) %respectively, the treatment T5  has given the best results for the quantity and quality, the average amount of essential oil was (0.154) %, content of Benzenoid compounds (30.9) %, Sesquiterpenoids (15.6) %, monoterpenoids (6.7 %) .

Keywords: Tuberose, Humic acid, Salicylic acid, Essential oil, Monoterpenoids, Benzenoid compounds.

Full paper in Arabic:pdf

Ammar Nasir *⁽¹⁾ , Ali Deeb ⁽¹⁾ and Fahed Sahione ⁽¹⁾

(1) Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ammar Nasir. E-Mail: Ammarnaser129@gmail.com)

Received:9/03/2021            Accepted:10/12/2021  

Abstract

The research was conducted in two seasons (2019, 2020) in the village of Bahlolia, in the province of Lattakia, on the trees of plum (Prunus domestica L.  cultivar jubileum), grove size (4) acres, age of trees is (12) years, the distance between trees is (4*4), trees is grafted on wild rootstock Prunus cerasia blanche, as it included (4) treatments and (5) iterations per treatment at tree rate per treatment at a tree rate per repeater T₀: Control (soaking in water for five minutes), T₁: soaking in salicylic acid solution 400 PPM for five minutes, T₂: Soaking in petruscine solution 300 PPM for five minutes, T₃: Soaking in salicylic acid solution 400 PPM and petruscine solution 300 PPM respectively for five minutes each, the study concluded the following: soaking the fruits with salicylic acid and petruscine jointly led to reduction in the weight loss of the fruits during the storage period compared to the control, and also led to increased fruit hardness and acidity compared to the control.

Key word: plum Prunus domestica L., salicylic acid, petrucine, Fruit Storage.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Aulfat Hasan^*(1), Ali  Dib ⁽¹⁾ , Ali  Elkhateeb⁽²⁾ and Ali Ali ⁽³⁾

(1) Horticulture Department, Agriculture College, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.                    

(2) General Commission Agriculture Scientific Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(3) Department of Food Science, Agriculture College, Tishreen University,, Lattakia, Syria

 (*Corresponding author: Aulfat Hasan. E-Mail: aulfat85@hotmail.com).   

Received: 12/10/2021                      Accepted:27/12/2021

Abstract

The experiment was carried out during the 2020/2021 season on Citrus sinensis L.var.Valencia trees to study the impact of foliar spray with salicylic acid (150 mg/l),citric acid(500 mg/l), potassium sulfate (2500 mg/l) and Fe(Fe-EDDHA) chelates (500 mg/l) on the physical and chemical properties of fruit and maintain their quality during cold storage. Fruit were harvested at the ripening stage Then they were stored at 4°c and relative humidity (85±5%) for 4 mounths in a storage unit in Tartous city. physical and chemical properties of fruit were assessed every month during storage. The results showed that the spray treatments significantly reduced fruit weight loss during storage, It was (5.91%) from Salicylic acid spray fruit versus (9.88%)  in the control at the end of storage period (after120days). Salicylic acid and citric acid treatments had maintain the highest content of vitamin C (44.73, 43.3 mg/100ml) respectively, compared to control (34.34 mg/100ml) and were superior for all treatments. Salicylic acid spray gave the highest  percent of juice (53.52%) compared to control (45.12%) after 120 days of storage and was superior for all treatments, followed by citric acid and potassium sulfate treatments(52.4,52.38%) without significant differences between them. Salicylic acid and citric acid treatments had more impact than potassium sulfate and iron chelate in maintaining  fruit quality until the end of storage.

Key words: Valencia orange, foliar spray, salicylic acid, citric acid, potassium sulfate, iron chelate, fruit quality, storability

Full paper in Arabic: pdf