Jamila Dirbas (1)* and Ahmad Al Jouma (1)
(1) Cotton Research Administration
(Corresponding author: Dr. Jamila Dirbas. Email: jamila.dirbas@gmail.com Abstract The experiment was conducted at Hama Center for Scientific Agricultural Research during the 2018 and 2019 seasons according to randomized complete block design with three replications. The research aimed to estimate heterosis and combining ability for earliness and yield of F1 hybrids resulted from half diallel program of twelve parents of upland cotton. Analysis of variance indicated to significant differences among the genotypes for all characters. Estimation of relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis showed significant favorite values in some hybrids that reached -6.37%, -5.75* %( Millinium x Aleppo 90, Fantum x Lider) for days to first opened boll, 58.6%, 35.58% (Millinium x Lider) for earliness and 136.22%, 132.61% for single plant yield, respectively. That refers to the variance of parents in genetic factors that control these traits. The percentages of δ2GCA/δ2SCA > 1 for all traits indicated to addictive gene effect. Parent Aleppo 124 was the best general combiner to days to first opened boll (-7.98) while, parent Fantum to earliness % (7.73) and parent Niab 414 (17.31) to single plant yield, therefore they can be used in breeding programs for improving these traits. Hybrid (Fantum x Lider) had the best SCA for days to first opened boll (-8.64), hybrid (Millinium x Lider) for earliness % (32.78), and hybrid (Raqqa 5 x Niab Kiran) for single plant yield (62.19), whereas hybrids; Fantum x Raqqa 5 and Coker 139 x Aleppo 90 had positive and non-significant SCA for earliness % and single plant yield, respectively. Subsequentl,y hybrids had significant favorite values for heterosis and SCA can be used in breeding programs for exploiting hybrid vigor. While Hybrids had positive and non-significant SCA that resulted from general combiner parents can be used to get distinct genetic combinations and breeding work can be followed to develop high yielding anshort-durationon varieties.
Keywords: cotton, earliness, yield, heterosis, combining ability, half diallel.

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Jaber Alaani(1)* Abdullah Alyosef(1) Naiem Alhussen(1) Rolla Hamwi(1) Fatema Abdul Rahman(1)
(1) Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Aleppo.
(*Corresponding author: Jaber Alaani. E-Mail: g.w.alani7476@gmail.com).
Abstract
This research aimed to study the chemical composition of wheat and its end-products (Bourghul and Frikeh) whence protein content and important minerals to realize chemical changes that occur when processing is done. The research has been carried out on four cultivars of wheat (two of them durum sham3, sham5 and two of them softs doma2, doma4) under rain failed environment, The trials have been carried out in Random Complete Blocks with three replicates and each plot harvested to two-part the first one (in the dough development stage) to make Frikeh by parched the spikes and the second one (in the mature development stage) to make Bourghul by poaching (boiling) the grains, and both of them were dried by air to level approximates the limit of moisture of wheat grains. The results of this study showed clearly variance in most wheat components comparing with its end- products (Bourghul and Frikeh), it could notice that the content of protein in Bourghul is little lowest than wheat and the highest in Frikeh (13.86%), and the same matter for ash that has the highest value in Frikeh (1.972%), but about minerals the results show that highest concentrate of Fe where in Frikeh then Bourghul then Wheat (239, 219, 56 ppm), but the highest concentrate of Mn and Zn where in Bourghul (124.6, 111.8 ppm), and the highest concentrate of P where in Frikeh (1007 ppm), but for Cu we can see decreasing in its content in Bourghul and Frikeh and he reached in Wheat (19.36 ppm

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Mustafa Beda^(1)*, Abeer Ali⁽²⁾, Ghina Jawhara⁽²⁾, Noma Muhammed⁽²⁾, and Leen Almukaddem⁽²⁾

(1) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2)Tartous Agricultural Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.  Mustafa Beda, Email: bedda.agri@hotmail.com)

Abstract

This study aimed to study plant biodiversity as an eco-tourism attraction in the Amrit region. It was implemented during the period of (2014-2017). Fifteen random samples were taken to study biodiversity distributed between the peripheral and within the forest. A random sample of 100 inhabitants was also taken in the communities near the site of Amrit to study the economic impact of ecotourism on the study area. A total of 197 trees were studied, of which 143 were Proteins, 51 Eucalyptus, 1 Kharnob, 1 Hoz and 1 Batem. The samples were classified according to Mouterde1966,1866, Zohary 1966,1914 Flora, and the 2008 Syrian desert plants Atlas. A list of the plant species found in the study area was found. The number of plant species found in plant surveys was 161 plant species traceable to (47) Plant species. (152) plant species were classified and remained (5) types of rocky reefs (3) fungus and (1) insect eaters, distribution of plant species between natural plant and plantation where (4) tree species and (42). The results also showed significant differences between forest products in terms of their contribution to the income of people in rural areas adjacent to forest areas. The most important were: animal grazing, medicinal and aromatic plants, wood products, seeds and small planter, and hunting.

Keywords: Plant Biodiversity, Environment, Eco-tourism, Amrit site, Tartous Governorate.

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Bassam Al-Oklaa (1), Radwan Badr Al-Deen (1), and Nour haj Msoud(1) (1) National Commission for Biotechnology, Damascus, Syria. (Corresponding author: Dr. Bassam Al-Oklaa, E-Mail: Bassam78alk@gmail.com)
Abstract
Citrus fruits are considered the major source of essential oils. However these essential oils are not invested in Syria. The current study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of the peel essential oils extracted from sweet and bitter oranges, in addition to the antifungal activity of these two essential oils against some Candida species. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was used for identifying the chemical composition of these two essential oils, after extraction using the hydro-distillation method. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) method was used to determine the antifungal activity towards four Candida species. Results showed that the essential oils extracted from the peels of bitter orange were active towards all Candida species in MBCs ranged from 20 mg/ml against C. krusei, C. famata and C. sphaerica, to 30 mg/ml against C. guillieromondii; while the essential oil extracted from the peels of sweet orange was active towards the first three species (C. krusei, C. famata and C. sphaerica), in MBCs of 30 mg/ml and inactive against the species C. guillieromondii.
Keywords: Essential oils, antifungal activity, minimal bactericidal concentration, C. krusei, C. famata and C. sphaerica, C. guillieromondii, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

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Baraa Aswad)1(, Nizar Harba(1), and Walid Alrahmoun(2) (1) Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria. (2) Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria. (Corresponding author: Bara Aswad. E-Mail: baraa.aswad711@gmail.com)
Abstract
The research was conducted in Rumaila village, Jableh, Lattakia for two growing seasons (2015/2016) and (2016/2017). The objectives were to study the productive efficiency of forage mixtures and compare them with single cultivation by studying yields of green fodder, hay, chemical content of hay (crude protein, crude fiber and crude ash). Three forage crops (barley, common vetch and forage pea) were cultivated each separately and together in mixtures of two – and three crops. They were arranged in a random complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Forage mixtures surpassed individual crops in the unit yield of green fodder and hay, where the binary mixture (barley + forage pea), was the highest value with 15.59 and 8.62 ton/ha, respectively. Forage mixtures also outperformed individual barley in terms of their content of crude protein and crude ash.
Keywords: Forage mixtures, Hay, Barley, Common vetch, Forage pea, crude protein, ash.

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Badr Alden Jalab(1)* Mustafa Mazen Otri(1) Faisal Khalil(1) Fatema Abdelrahman(1)
(1) Center for Scientific Agricultural Research in Aleppo, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Badr alden Jalab. E-Mail: b.jalab@ yahoo.com)
Abstract:
The study done in (2016-2018) on the soil of Aleppo governorate showed that it has a high content of total iron (37100-51300) ppm (representing the terarosa, brown and dark red soil) except for the sample has taken from gray soil at Aleppo badia (14200 ppm). The amount of iron available ranged from 0.24 ppm in the gray dry soils of Aleppo Badia east of Safira city (very poor) to 18.7 ppm in Terarosa soil in Kafar Nouran (rich), and most soils of Aleppo governorate was low and the average content of iron available because its high content of calcium carbonate and high Ph. The correlation coefficient between the total amount of iron available in the soil was positive and significant and it was 0.49, while the correlation coefficient between the amount of iron available and the percentage of active lime in the soil was negative and significant and the value was 0.63. The addition of humic acids or iron chelates to soil resulted in a significant increase in the available iron content in soil compared to the control and was not the same when adding agricultural sulfur to the soil. Conducting a field experiment on feeding the bean plant with iron, the foliar spraying with ferrous sulfate and the addition of iron chelate to the soil in terms of (the average content of bean leaves of iron) on the control (not adding iron) increased by 38% and 18%, respectively. To feed the plant with iron in the high ground content of calcium carbonate foliar spraying with ferrous sulfate is recommended, preferably with the addition of iron chelate to the soil because the first method outweighs the second in the absorption of leaves of iron.
Keywords: soil, iron, bean , chelates, ferrous sulphate

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Nihad Abdul-Lateef Ali*(1) and Nebras Kadhim Abbas(2)

(1) Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture University of AL-Qasim Green, Iraq.
(2) Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Agriculture Babylon, Iraq.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Nihad Ali. E-Mail: dr.nihad@agre.uoqasim.edu.iq)
Abstract
This study was conducted at the Poultry Farm of Animal production Dept., College of Agriculture, University of AL-Qasim Green to investigate Study the Effect of adding different levels of Nano Boron to the Diet in some blood parameters of broiler Chickens Ross 308 . Use the 180 broiler chicks Ross 308 day-old were randomly assigned to four treatments (by 3 replicates per treatment 15 chicks per replicate), and treatments were as follows : First treatment: control group: free from any addition. The second treatment: experimental added to it 40 mg nano-boron / kg feed, the third treatment: experimental added to it 60 mg nano-boron / kg feed and the fourth treatment: experimental added to it 80 mg nano-boron /kg feed. The experiment included a study of the following characteristics : red blood cell account, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) , Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), value of Mean Corpuscular Volume, white blood cells account and differential leucocyte count . The results of the study did not show significant differences between the experiment treatments in the number of red blood cells account, hemoglobin concentration, the percentage of Haematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) at 21 days age. The value of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), where the first treatment (control) recorded the highest concentration for it. The fourth treatment (addition of 80 mg nano-boron particles/kg feed) showed an increase in the red blood cells account and the Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) significantly (P <0.05) at 35 days age. As for the hemoglobin concentration and percentage of Haematocrit, no significant differences were recorded between all experiment treatments. The results showed the superiority of the first treatment (control) in both the value of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and the value of Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) compared to the fourth treatment. The treatments of the nano-boron have a role in raising the immune traits for the bird at the 35 days age, where a significant improvement (P<0.05) in white blood cells account and the highest percentage of Lymphocytes (L) and the lowest percentage of (H / L) recorded compared to control treatment, while no significant differences in the percentage of Heterophil cells (H) between bird groups. It concluded from this experience, that the addition of nano-boron to the ration can lead to improve in some blood parameters of the broiler .
Key words : nano-boron , blood parameters , broiler

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Amani Berawi *(1), Abd Al-Gani Khorchid (2), Mahammad Manhal Al-Zoubi (3), Ayham Asbah(1), Saher Al-Bakeer (4)
(1) Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Hama, Hama, Syria.
(2) Department of soil and soil reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
(3) Administration of Natural Resources Research, Damascus, Syria.
(4) Department of horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
(*corresponding author: Amani Berawi. E-mail : eng.amani199001@gmail.com)
Abstract:
To study the effect of adding soluble fertilizers and Foliar Application by Micronutrients in determining the optimum rate of soluble fertilizers according to the Fertigation and the effect of these fertilizers on the production of olive tree and their content of oil. The experiment was carried out in an olive field of the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research(GCSAR) (Hama Research Center) during the two seasons (2016 – 2017). The trees of the experiment were selected to be homogeneous in growth and age. The experiment included the application of 5 levels of fertilizer soluble (S0, S1, S2, S3, S4) (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) kg /tree respectively, according to the Fertigation. The soluble fertilizers were added during three stages of the growth Plant, where the high phosphorus composition was used in the first phase (in mid-March), the balanced composition of the contract period and the beginning of fruit growth, the high potassium composition at the fruit growth stage, and the Foliar Application with a balanced compound of the microelements necessary with the concentration of the spray liquid (0.5 g /L ) According to different dates: one spray F1 (Before inflorescence appearance), twice spray applications F2 (Before inflorescence appearance and after fruit set) or three times in season F3 (Before inflorescence appearance, after fruit set and before one month of harvest date), in addition to the control without spraying F0, the experiment was designed in a way Split plots and three replicates per treatment. The results of the study showed that the response of olive trees(Kaisi cv.) was significant for soluble fertilizers and Foliar Application by Micronutrients compared to the control (without fertilization). The best treatment for productivity was (S3F2) fertilization (1.5 kg fertilizer / tree) and twice spray from Micronutrients to three spray from Micronutrients F3 in some specifications, Where productivity reached the first season (32.67 kg / tree) and in the second season (36.55 kg / tree) at the treatment (S3F3). The addition of (2 kg fertilizer soluble/ tree) and supported by two spray from Micronutrients gave the highest percentage of oil in the first and second seasons (20.94, and 21.87%) respectively.
Keywords: olive, solubility fertilizers, Fertigation, micro-elements, dates of foliar spray Kaisi cultivar.

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Al-Moutassem Bellah ALdaker* (1), Mansour Ahmad(1),
Hounada Alerksousi(1), Mohammad Amin(1), Ali Alhawarin(2), and GawadSharaf(2)

(1) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural, Animal Wealth Research
Administration
(2) Ura Station for Improving the Mountain Goats, Swidaa, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Al-Moutassem Bellah ALdaker E-Mail: aldakermb@gmail.com.).
Abstract
The present work was carried out at Ura station for improving the mountain Goats at Swidaa, Animal Wealth Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research to determine the normal levels of some biochemical blood parameters in the Jabali female goats during pregnancy to predict any nutrition or health disorders. Forty Jabali goats, similar in age and weight, were used. Monthly blood samples were taken during the pregnancy period, and hematocrit glucose, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, and urea levels were determined. Results indicated that the values of the studied parameters ranged between 20-42% for hematocrit and 35.8 to 96.3 mg/dl for glucose, 31.09 to 99.83 mg/dl for cholesterol, 2.63 to 6.20 g/dl for albumin, 5 to 9.90 g/dl in total protein, and 6.62 to 37.72 mg/dl for urea. Tables containing the means of the studied parameters’ concentrations with advancing age were made, in which any disorder, weather was health or nutrition-related reason could be predicted, consequently conducting the needed treatments
Keyword: Shami goat, blood parameters, biochemical parameters, pregnancy.

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Mahran Zeity ^(1)*, Majda Mouflh⁽²⁾, Rawa Youssef ⁽¹⁾

(1) Latakia Center for Scientific Agricultural Research, Boqua, Latakia

(2) General Commission for Scientific and Agricultural Research, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahran Zeity. E-Mail: mzma2009@gmail.com)

Abstract

This study was carried out in the main areas of apple cultivation in Latakia Governorate during seasons 2017-2018, with the aim of investigating the phytophagous and predatory mites species associated with apple ecosystem. Six species of phytophagous mites belonging to three genera and three families were recorded, Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urticae, Amphitetranychus viennensis, Bryobia rubrioculus (family:Tetranychidae), Cenopalpus pulcher (family: Tenuipalpidae) and rust apple eriophyid mites, Aculus schlechtendali (family: Eriophyidae). This study was the first record of A. viennensis on apples, as it was previously recorded on peaches from Syria. Predatory mites were belong to three families, Phytoseiidae, Stigmatidae and Anystidae. Some species have been identified up to the level of the species as in the Typhlodromus pyri and Zetzellia mali and this is new record of this species Z. mali from Syria, while some species, Anystis sp. belong to the family, Anystidae (first record of this family from Syria), Phytoseius sp. and Typhlodromus sp. (family, Phytoseiidae) have only been able to reach the genus level and further studies are needed.

Key words: Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae, Phytoseiidae, Apple.

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