Yaseen AL Mohsen and Abdel Naser AL Omar 

1 Animal department- faculty of veterinary medicine. University of Hama, Syria.
2 Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Hama, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Yaseen Al Mohsen. E.mail: yaseen.m@hama-univ.edu.sy  ).

Received: 13/ 07/ 2024      Accepted: 8/ 10/ 2024

Abstract 

The research was conducted on 20 heads of Awassi lambs located in the sheep station at the Agricultural Research Center in Hama, ranging in age from 6-7 months and weighting 40 kg on average. and in order to evaluate some of the properties of rumen liquid when the experimental lambs. all laboratory tests were conducted in the laboratories of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Hama when adding different percentages of coriander hay to their dietary diet. The lambs were offered a standardized concentrated diet. As for the filler feed, its percentage of components varied according to the study group. which was divided into four groups, each group consists of five lamps: The first group (the witness) was fed on filler feed, which is wheat hay only (100%), the second was fed (coriander hay 25% + wheat hay 75%), the third was fed (coriander hay 50% + wheat hay 50%), and the fourth was fed (coriander hay 75% + wheat hay 25%). Rumen fluid samples were collected from the experimental lambs one month, two months and three months after the start of the experiment and physical evaluation tests (color-smell-viscosity-sedimentation time) and chemical evaluation (PH- blue methylene return time- microscopic examination of the bacterial flora by qualitative and quantitative methods) were performed. Showed the results the acidity values in the groups with coriander hay added by 75% ranged between (7.1-7.8), while they were (6.8-6.4) in the rest of the groups and the control during the same period. No sensory change in color and smell of rumen fluid was observed in all groups, including the control, and after three months the viscosity was dense and severe (++++) for all groups of lambs of the experiment and the control, while a slight viscosity (+) was observed for the control group and a medium viscosity (++) for the rest of the groups after one and two months from the start of the experiment. The test showed the sedimentation and buoyancy time (SAT) and the return time of methylene blue in all groups. It concludes the need to conduct an analysis of rumen fluid, which gives an important diagnostic value and the possibility of using and adding coriander hay as an unconventional filler feed up to 25% to the nutritional diet of Awassi lambs as they did not affect the kinetics and activity of the protozoan averages and physical, chemical and sensory tests remained within the normal limits in the rumen fluid.
Keywords: Evaluation, Rumen liquid, Awassi lambs, Coriander Hay.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Majd Asaad^{* 1} and Shaza  Asaad¹

¹ Department of Agricultural Mechanization,  Faculty of Technical Engineering, Tartous University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Shaza Asaad. E.mail: Shazaasaad44@ gmail.com ).

Received: 16/ 06/  2024     Accepted: 16/ 09/ 2024

Abstract: 

This study was carried out on clay soil in a field at Yahmoor- in Tartous province, on potato (vr.”spunta”) during (2019-2020) to investigate the effect of weapons inclination angle and tubers damage index forward speed of the locally manufactured potato digger in the qthe percentage of the undamaged tubers (71.53 %) and the percentage of the lifting tubers (87.33 %), and decreased significantly the percentage of the quantitative and qualitative loss tubers (16.15, 12.31 %) respectively, and the uantitative and qualitative loss and tubers damage index. Two different angle of inclination weapons (m) were used as a main plot ) 30 degree (M1), and 35 degree (M2)., while three different speed of work were used as split plots included S1 1.6 km/h, S2 2.3 km/h, S3 3.32 km/h. Split-plot design under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used in this study. A statistical analysis was made to test the differences between treatments and their interaction with LSD at 0.05 level of probability. The results showed that undamaged and lifted tubers increased, while the quantitative & qualitative loss , and tubers damage index decreased with an increased at inclination weapon angle and a decreased in the work speed of the potato digger. The angle inclination (35) increased significantly percentage of the undamaged tubers (71.53 %), and percentage of the lifting tubers (87.33 %) and decreased significantly the percentage of the quantitative and qualitative loss tuber (16.15 ,12.31 %) respectivety, and tubers damage index (78.28). The speed S1 1.6 km/h also achieved the highest percentage of undamaged tubers (75.76 %), and the lifted tubers (91.22 %), and the lowest qualitative & quantitative losses (15.46, 8.77%) respectively, and was significantly superior to that of the rest of the measured lifting speeds. The interaction treatment (M2xS1) gave the highest value of the percentage of undamaged tubers (77.69 %), the lifted tubers (91.76 %), and the lowest percentage of quantitative & qualitative loss (8.23 and 14.07 %) respectively, and tubers damage index (67.08) compared to the other treatments.
Keywords: potato harvester, weapons inclination angle, lifting speed, qualitative loss, quantitative loss, tuber damage index.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Rima Ghafari*¹, Najwa Mouslemanie ¹, Abdullah Katta ²and Imad-Aldeen Alkhalaf ¹

1 Dept. of Botany, Faculty of Science, Aleppo Univ. Syria
2 Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aleppo Univ. Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Rima Ghafari, mail: mirago82@yahoo.com ).

Received: 18/ 04/  2025     Accepted: 17/ 09/ 2025

This research aimed to determine the red laser irradiation effect with wavelength (635) nm and capacity (5) mWat/cm2 on some Sesamum indicum growth parameters, the research took place at the laboratory of plant ecology and pollution, and the laboratory of Nano science and the ecology garden, Faculty of science, University of Aleppo, between June and September 2023. Two groups of seeds dried and soaked in water for three hours were irradiated with red laser for graduated periods (1,5,10,15) min, then planted in pots containing suitable soil and left for the periods of experiments (1,2,3,4) months. at the end of third and fourth month, some growth parameters were determined for the plants such as fresh length and weight of plant shoots and roots, leaves area, and total chlorophyll and carotene. The results showed that the best shoot length statistical differences were registered for dried and wet sesamum seeds irradiated for (15) min reached (104) cm compared to the control (70) cm, and for roots length reached (17) cm compared to the control (7) cm. The results also showed that the highest statistical differences of fresh shoots and roots weight were obtained for period (15) min irradiation of the dried seeds which reached (26) gram compared to the control (6) gram, and also for the leaves area with a highest area (34) cm2 compared to the control (13) cm2. It can be concluded that red laser irradiation enhanced some growth parameters of Sesamum indicum.

Keywords: Laser, growth parameters, Chlorophyll, Sesamum indicum.

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Abstract: 

The Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Salamiyah conducted a study in 2019 to evaluate the economic benefits of incorporating Nile flower silage into the diet of Awassi lambs. The experiment involved Awassi lambs aged 5-6 months, with an average weight of 43.1±2.26 kg, randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of 4 males. The trial spanned 75 days, with a 15-day introductory period. Different percentages of Nile flower silage substitution (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) were applied. Results revealed that integrating Nile flower silage into the diet of Awassi lambs led to a reduction of feeding costs by 5.3% in the fourth treatment (75% WHS), while maintaining a weight gain rate of 10.62 kg. The third and second treatments also showed reduced feeding costs by 3.5% and 1.8%, respectively, compared to the control group. The third treatment exhibited the lowest cost per kilogram of live weight produced during the 60-day experimental period, amounting to 2982 SYP per kilogram, translating to a 9.8% decrease in meat production costs compared to the control group. Consequently, the study suggests incorporating Nile flower silage into lamb diets up to 75% to improve economic indicators and overall herd health. 
Keywords: Nile flower silage, Awassi lambs, economic indicators.    

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Tofek Othman^*1

¹ Department of Environment Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Tofek Othman, Email: tofek.osman@gmail.com ).

Received: 10/ 06/ 2024     Accepted: 18/ 09/ 2024

Abstract: 

The use of environmental friendly methods to enhance crop growth and productivity is essential for sustainable agriculture. So the aim of this research is to study the effect of natural materials, such as the liquid resulting from the anaerobic fermentation process (Bioslurry) on germination rate and some of  the growth characteristic of peanut, by soaking the seeds in this liquid at several concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) with two durations (5, 6) hours. It was 10 treatments in addition to the control treatment (no soaking). The experiment was designed according to a randomized completely block design RCBD, with three replicates for each treatment. The following traits were studied: germination percentage, number of root nodes, plant height, total number of leaves, leaf area index, and dry weight.  The results of the statistical analysis showed that the treatment at a concentration of (50)% soaking for (5) hours was superior to all experimental treatments with high significance in the following characteristics: germination rate, number of root nodules, plant length, total number of leaves, and dry weight, as the values reached (97.16%, 44.3 nodes/plant, 60.67 cm, 292.33 leaves/plant, 177.3 g) respectively.  Also, it was found that there were no significant differences in the characteristic in leaf surface index when treated with (50)% concentration for (5 and 6) hours, as the following values were reached (2.29, 2.25), respectively. The results of the statistical analysis also showed that the control treatment (without soaking) and the soaking treatment with (0)% concentration in bioslurry were the least significant among all the experimental treatments.

Keywords: Soaking, bioslurry, growth traits, germination, peanut. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hasan Asad* ⁽¹⁾, Hassan Khojah ⁽²⁾, and Ghaitha Hasan ⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Tartous Research Center, Syria

(2). Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria

 (*Corresponding author: Hasan Asad, Email: ashsn132@gmail.com , Mobile: 0994137992)

Received 31/3/2024                     Accepted 11/7/2024

Abstract

The research was carried out at Al-Jammasa Research Station during (2020-2021, 2021-2022) seasons; to study the genetics behavior of some important specifications of eggplant fruits, based on appropriate genetic indicators. Six parents of protected cultivation types of eggplant were evaluated and their fifteen individual hybrids were hybridized by half-diallel reciprocal crossing., using a Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three replications, to study general and specific ability effects and dominance degree for some fruits quality (total sugars%, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, dry matter and firmness). The results showed highly significant differences between the parental types for all the studied traits except the acidity percentage%. The variances due to GCA and SCA were highly significant, which indicates that both additive and non-additive genes effects control these traits. But however, the ratio of GCA/SCA variance was greater than one (1) for all studied traits; This indicates that the contribution of additive effect genes was greater than of the non-additive effect genes. The average degree of dominance was less than one (1) in those traits. This also confirms the predominance of additive effect genes when these traits are inherited.

Keywords: Additive effect, Dominance, Eggplant, General ability, Protected cultivation, Specific ability.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ali Hassan* ⁽¹⁾, Nabil Abo Kaf ⁽²⁾, and  Iyad Mohammed⁽³⁾

(1). PhD Student, Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(3). Researcher, Director of the Plant Protection sector, Ministry of Agriculture, Damascus, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Ali Hassan, E-Mail: alihasan1990944@gmail.com, Mob: 0988346017)

Received: 21/1/2024          Accepted: 29/7/2024

Abstract

The research was carried out in the insect laboratory of plant protection department at the faculty of Agricultural engineering, Tishreen University, Syria, under controlled laboratory conditions during 2022, with the aim of studying the Parasitism rates of the parasitoid Scutellista caerulea on the citrus wax scale Ceroplastes floridensis using life tables based on sex and age stage to analyze data. Life and parasitism rate, as Cucurbita moschata fruits were used as host plants for this insect, and infection with the pest was obtained from infected citrus trees in the form of females containing eggs (infection stage). Results showed that the highest value of the net Parasitism rate (C₀) for the parasitoid was 6.08 offspring/individual at 25°C, while the lowest was at 20°C, that it reached 5.21 offspring/individual, and the highest value of the limited Parasitism rate was 0.0608 offspring/individual at 30°C and 0.0513 offspring/individual at 30°C, and the highest value of the Parasitism rate associated with the age stage (c_xj) of parasitoids females was 12.3 offspring/individual at a temperature of 25°C.

Keywords: life tables, Ceroplastes floridensis, Scutellista caerulea, laboratory conditions, parasitism rate, temperature.
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Walaa Ammar^(1)*, Safaa Rahmoun⁽¹⁾ and Mohamed El Helou⁽²⁾

(1). Crops Research Administration, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria

(2). Hama Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*corresponding author:  Walaa Ammar. E-Mial: walaa.lulu90@gmail.com).

Received: 22/2/2024        Accepted:  29/7/2024

Abstract

The study was carried out at the Center for Scientific Agricultural Research in Hama, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria, during the 2022/2023 agricultural season with the aim of studying the phenotypic correlation coefficient and path analysis of some phenological and morphological traits and yield components (days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of pods on the plant, number of branches per plant, weight of 100 seed, seed yield) for 12 faba bean genotypes. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between the seed yield trait and the days to flowering (r=0.634**), days to maturity (r=0.510**), plant height (r=0.777**), number of pods on the plant (r=0.657**), weight of 100 seed (r=0.898**). Path analysis clarified that weight of 100 seed (0.7553), number of pods on the plant (0.2699), had a direct effect on seed yield, In addition to the indirect effect of weight of 100 seeds on plant height (0.6412), days to flowering (0.4822), days to maturity (0.4082), and number of pods on the plant (0.4584). The days to maturity, the number of pods on the plant, and weight of 100 seeds are among the characteristics that contribute most to increasing seed yield, as their contribution rate reached (70.72%).

Key words: phenotypic correlation coefficient, path analysis, seed yield, faba bean.
 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Nowar Zeid^(1)*, Essa Kabibou⁽¹⁾ and Jehan Mtawaj⁽²⁾

(1). Department of soil and water science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). The General Organization for Seed Multiplication, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Nowar Zeid. E.Mail: :Zeidnowar@gmail.com, Mob.: 0981206790).

                                       Received:   7/3/2024           Accepted:  28/7/2024

Abstract

The research was carried out in Sitmarkho village – Latakia, within a sealed room, during April – June 2023; For study the effect of 3 factors on the amount of Oyster mushroom production and its protein content .Factorial experiment method was used including three factors: (two mushroom strains Gosm and Florida, two sterilization liquids: water, and olive mill water, and three substrates: (Wheat straw, sawdust, and their mixture equally), using the completely randomized design, which  included twelve combinatorial treatments, each one with three replicates. GenStat-12 program was used with Duncan-LSR parameters at 1% level. Results showed Florida strain was significantly superior on production quantity (500.1g/1kg wet weight) to the Gosm strain (386.1)g, while the Gosm strain was significantly superior to the Florida strain in protein content of wet weight (3.40, 3.22)% respectively. Sterilization with water also outperformed sterilization with Olive mill water in producing (473.1, 413.1 g/1 kg dry weight), respectively, while sterilization with the Olive mill water was superior in protein content (3.392, 2.231%), respectively. The Wheat straw substrate outperformed the rest substrates significantly in production trait, while the sawdust was superior in protein content%. The combinatorial treatments varied significantly; the treatment T4: (Wheat straw + water sterilization + Florida strain) outperformed all treatments in the production (923.3) g/1 kg. While the treatment (T8: sawdust + Olive mill water sterilization + Gosm strain) outperformed all treatments in Protein content (3.670%) of wet weight.

Keywords: Oyster mushrooms, Olive mill water, production, protein. 

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Nsreen Dahe Mohamad*⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Nsreen Dahe Mohamad, E-mail: nsreenmohamad1986@gmail.com, mob.: 0988487892)

Received:   23/3/2024         Accepted:  13/7/2024

Abstract

The research was carried out in the Al-Haffa area, the village of Bamrin, in the country side of lattakia, during the 2022 growing season on Washington navelate orange trees were grafted on Citrus aurantium L. rootstock, in order to study the effect of foliar and ground fertilization with humic acid on some leaf’s characteristics and fruit qualitative. The experiment was designed according to completely randomized design. The experiment included seven treatments and three replicates. Foliar and ground fertilization with humic acid was used at concentrations of 0.25,0.5,1 g/l for the foliar and 3,4,5 g/l for the ground at the following dates : the stage of flower bud swelling in the middle March , the stage of fruit set  in May , After month from the second spraying in June . The two concentrations 1 foliar and 5 ground fertilization were distinguished by the other two concentrations by giving the highest leaf area (43.95, 43.607) cm², respectively, compared to the control 30.837 cm² . Fertilization with humic acid also led to improvement the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits. As the two concentrations of 1 g/l for the foliar and 5 g/l for the ground fertilization gave the highest values in terms of the weight and volume of the fruit and the of percentage the juice, superior to rest of the treatments, but without significant differences between these two concentrations. the  content of the fruits of total soluble solids, total sugars and vitamin c also increased when treated with humic acid compared to the control , while the acidity content of juice fruit  was reduced when treated with humic acid, and the control treatment gave the highest acidity percentage 1.720 % As for the total chlorophyll content of the leaves , the two concentrations of 1 g/l for the foliar and 5 g/l for the ground were superior to the rest of the treatments (11.74,11.61)mg/g respectively, but without any significant differences between these two ,while the control gave the lowest value for total chlorophyll is 9.69 mg/g.

Key words: humic acid, weight and volume of the fruit,”Washington navelate”, chlorophyll leaf, leaf area. 

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF