Zainab Tadbeer⁽¹⁾*, Ayman Taha⁽²⁾, Ayman Ouda⁽³⁾, Razan AL Najjar⁽¹⁾, Ola Kaso⁽¹⁾ and Mohammad Baker Al-Abd Al-Wahed⁽¹⁾

(1). Crops Research Administration, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Damascus Countryside Agriculture Directorate/ Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Syria.

(3). Assistant Professor, Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Zainab Tadbeer, E-Mail: zainab.tad@hotmail.com)

Received:21/08/ 2022             Accepted:28/11/ 2022

Abstract: 

The study was conducted at Kharhta Research Station, which belongs to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Researches (GCSAR), during the growing season 2017 – 2018, to evaluate the response of ten bread wheat genotypes under water stress conditions throw the life stage of the plant by stopping irrigation compalatily. The experiment was laid according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications for the control (without water stress) and water stress treatments both during anthesis and grain filling stages. Water stress conditions negatively affected in all studied quantitative traits, The response of the studied genotypes to stress varied according to the life stage of the plant exposed to water stress (flowering, grain fullness). The genotypes Bohooth8, Douma6 and Sham10 were more adaptable to water-limited conditions during the two studied developmental stages, maintaining significantly higher grain yield compared with the remaining investigated genotypes, which is attributed to their superiority in the grain related traits such as number of grains per spike, number of spikes per square meter and 1000-kernel weight, which can be considered as key traits to be selected for in the plant breeding programs to improve the production capacity of  wheat under water deficit conditions.

Key words: genotypes, water stress, bread wheat, grain yield.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Muhammad Khattab ⁽¹⁾,  Nizar Harba⁽¹⁾ and  Orwa Suleiman^(1)*

(1). Department Of Field Crops, Faculty Of Agriculture, Tishreen, University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Orwa Suleiman, E-mail: aboalabd876@gmail.com)

Received:24/10/2022            Accepted:12/12/2022

Abstract: 

Five sunflower genotypes were planted (type 90 (A), model 19 (B), type 9 (C), type 54 (D), and baladi (E)), obtained from a previous (master) electoral program sourced from The General Authority for Agricultural Research in Damascus. In the field of a farmer in the al-Ghab area of ​​Hama governorate during the agricultural seasons 2020-2021-2022 according to a full reciprocal cross-hybridization program. The hybrid seeds obtained from the first season (20 hybrids) and the parents’ seeds were sown in a comparative experiment in the second season according to the RCBD randomized complete block design with three replications. The general and specific ability to mix, combine and adversely affect each hybrid was estimated for the characteristics of plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), leaf area (m2), disc area (cm2), number of seeds in the disc, weight of 100 seeds (g), fertilization percentage (%) and seed weight of the plant (g) and the percentage of oil (%) and the amount of oil (g) at the level of a single plant, in order to select the best parents and individual and inverse hybrids in terms of high yield and desirable traits, especially the percentage and quantity of oil, and to continue with the superior ones to be included in future breeding and improvement programs for this crop. Genotype (E) was superior in general ability to mix and combine for short stems and increased oil content, genotype (B) for disc space, number of seeds, seed weight per disc and stem diameter, genotype (C) for oil percentage and leaf area, and genotype (A) For my fertilization rate and weight of 100 seeds. A group of individual crosses that have a special ability to mix and combine and resulting from positive parents, the general ability to mix and combine, was distinguished by many characteristics, and I especially mention the following hybrids: (D X B), (C X B), (D X C) and (E X C), which were characterized by the characteristics of disk space and number of seeds in the disc, the weight of the seeds in the disc and the percentage of oil, respectively, according to the sequence of the hybrids. A number of distinct inverse hybrids with a special ability to compatibility were obtained from positive parents, the general ability to combine, especially hybrids (A X C) for the characteristic of oil ratio, and other crosses from two parents, one negative and the other positive in the general ability to combine, superior to individual crosses in many of traits. The results also showed that there is a function of cytoplasmic genetics in the inheritance of the quantitative trait through the differences in the performance of each of the individual and inverse hybrids.

Key words: sunflowers, general ability to combine, special ability to combine, reverse hybridization.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hussain Almahasneh ⁽¹⁾, Ammar Zayoud ⁽²⁾ and Wajed Ghanem ^{(1) *}

(1). Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Hama ,Syria

(*Corresponding author: Wajed Ghanem, E-mail: ghanem565212@gmail.com)

Received:16/11/2022            Accepted:23/01/2023

Abstract: 

A field experiment was conducted at AlGhab Research Station affiliated with the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR). during the growing season 2021, to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizers application time and seed delinting on the growth and productivity of cotton (Variety Aleppo-124). The experiment was laid out according to split plot design with three replications. The statistical analysis results of the experiment clearly indicated to the existence of significant differences (P≤0.05) among nitrogen fertilizers and cotton seeds delinting treatments with respect to studied traits (plant height, number of fruiting branches, number of bolls per plant, dry weight of boll, cotton seed yield, fiber yield, ginning rate(. Application of nitrogen fertilizers at four splits recorded the highest value of studied traits (102.04 cm, 11.04 branch.plant^-1, 18.26 bolls.plant^-1, 5.80 g, 3115 kg.ha^-1, 2064 kg.ha^-1, 39.84 % respectively) as compared to other treatments. Regarding seed delinting treatments the chemical method (Using H₂SO₄) recorded significantly the highest values of studied traits (98.67 cm, 10.03 branch.plant^-1, 16.07 bolls.plant^-1, 5.82 g, 2767 kg.ha^-1, 1815 kg.ha^-1, 39.57 % respectively) as compared to other treatments. With respect to the interaction between nitrogen fertilizers application time and seed delinting, application of nitrogen fertilizers at four splits with seed delinting using sulphuric acids recorded significantly the highest values of studied treatments (106.19 cm, 12.17 branch.plant^-1, 19.36 bolls.plant^-1, 5.98 g, 3383 kg.ha^-1, 2274 kg.ha^-1, 40.19 % respectively) as compared to other interactions.

Keywords: Cotton, Nitrogen fertilizers, Seed delinting, Seeds yield, Fibre yield

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jamila Dirbas * ⁽¹⁾

(1). Cotton Research Administration, Aleppo, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Jamila Dirbas. E-Mail: jamila.dirbas@gmail.com ).

Received: 30/12/2022         Accepted: 31/01/2023

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out at Jub Ramla Cotton Research Station during the seasons 2020, 2021 and 2022 according at a randomized complete block design with three replications, with the aim of studying the components of variation among local cotton strains and evaluating their performance to reach a new variety. Results of ANOVA analysis showed significant differences among the genotypes (strains and control variety) of the studied traits (productivity, lint percentage, and boll weight) for the three seasons, individually and collectively, except for the boll weight during the 2021 season. Environmental variance played the largest role in the appearance of the productivity trait, while genetic variance was the major contributor to the appearance of the lint percentage and boll weight. This was evident in the heritability (broad sense) values, which ranged from low for productivity, medium for boll weight, and high for lint percentage. Results of meta-analysis indicated the superiority of strains 32 (Aleppo 118 × Coker 139) and 29 (Aleppo 118 × Coker 139) for productivity, strain 42 (Aleppo 118 × Raqqa 5) for lint percentage, and strains 28 (Aleppo 118 × Coker 139) and 32 (Aleppo 118 × Coker 139) for boll weight, depending on their performance. Therefore, it can be tested in multi locations and large scales within field’s farmers to confirm its superiority and select the best one to develop a new high-yielding variety.

Keywords: Cotton, Variance Components, Diallel Cross, Local Cotton Strains, Productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory⁽¹⁾ ,  Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi⁽²⁾ , Ali Faraon Aobais⁽³⁾ , Majeed Ajafar⁽¹⁾ and Ali Ahmed Alaw Qotbi⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of animal production, agriculture college- Al-Qasim green university- Babylon – Iraq

(2) Department of Environmental – College of Environmental Sciences- Al-Qasim Green University- Babylon – Iraq

(3) Babylon Agriculture Directorate / Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture- Babylon- Iraq

(*Corresponding author, Dr. Hashim Al-Jebory-  Email: hashimhadi@agre.uoqasim.edu.iq)

Received: 7/08/2022           Accepted: 28/12/2022

Abstract: 

The local probiotic (Iraqi probiotic)containing Lactobacilli, Bifid bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to ferment feed (FF) aerobically for 48 hours, after which dried and pelleted by pelleting machine in Al-Baraka grinder/ Babel government, 30 roosters were used in study fed on fermented feed with different level in poultry farm/ agriculture college/ Al-Qasim green university. The cocks were divided into 5 treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 fed on F.F. (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%), respectively, some qualitative characteristics of semen were measured, and the experiment continued for 20 weeks. It was found that there was a highly significant (P≤0.01) superiority in the total average ejection volume for treatment T5 and all fermented feed treatments in mass motility and individual motility of sperms and sperm concentration, as well as a highly significant improvement (P≤0.01) for all treatments of fermented feed in the percentage of dead sperm.

Keywords:  cock, probiotic, fermentation, semen quality.

Full paper in English: pdf

Rasha Fajer Al-Jebory^(1)* and Fadhil Rassol Al-Khfajy⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Science, Agriculture College- Al-Qasim Green University, Iraqi.   

(*Corresponding author:   Rasha Fajer Al-Jebory. E-Mail: Rahsa.fajer1989@agre.uoqasim.edu.iq ).

Received:  21/10/2023        Accepted: 24/12/2023

Abstract: 

 This experiment was conducted in the farm of Al-Anwar Poultry Company in Babylon/Al-Muradiyah Government, for the period from 7/25/2023 to 8/29/2023, where 300 broiler chickens (Ross 308) were used, divided into 5 treatments, with 3 replicates for each treatment and each replicate. 20 chicks, and nano-methionine-zinc was added to the diet at a concentration of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/kg feed for treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. All birds in the treatments were exposed to heat stress (35±1 degrees Celsius) for the duration of the experiment (35 days). The results showed a significant decrease in the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, triglycerides, and MDA (Malondialdehyde) in nano-methionine-zinc addition treatments compared to the control treatment. A significant improvement occurred for treatments T3, T4, and T5 in the concentration of LDL (Low-density lipoprotein), and the two treatments T4 also improved. In addition, T5 in the concentration of VLDL (Very low-density lipoprotein) compared to the control treatment. A significant increase in the concentration of glutathione peroxidase was shown in favor of the treatments T2, T4 and T5 compared to the control treatment. A significant increase in the level of the enzymes AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) was shown in the blood of the T1 treatment birds compared to the rest of the study treatments. There was a significant increase in the level of antibodies against infectious bronchitis in favor of the T4 treatment birds. The level of antibodies against Newcastle disease also increased in the blood of the T3 and T5 treatment birds compared with the T1 control treatment.

Keywords: amino acid nanoparticles, thermal stress, broiler chickens, nanotechnology.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jafar  Mohamad* ⁽¹⁾, Ali  Nisafi ⁽²⁾, Mohamad  Salhab ⁽¹⁾, and Bushra  Alissa ⁽²⁾       

(1). Lattakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding  author: Eng. Jafar Mohammad, E.mail: jafar202m2@gmail.com)

Received: 11/07/2022         Accepted: 28/12/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted on 360 fertilized eggs from ROSS broilers, where the eggs were distributed homogeneously into four different treatments according to the light color applied so that Each treatment included 90 eggs, and one treatment included three replicates, 30 eggs for each replicate, with the unification of hatching and post-hatching conditions for all treatments. The treatments were subjected to different patterns of illumination: T1 (continuous darkness 0L_0lux:24D), T2 (12 hours blue light vs 12 hours darkness (12LB _35lux:12D), T3 (12 hours green light vs 12 hours darkness) T4 (12LG_35lux:12D), T4 (12 hours blue-green mix vs 12 hours darkness) (12L_{Mix B+G35lux}: 12D) . The results showed a significant increase in hatching percentage, hatching percentage and average weight of hatched chicks in treatments T2, T3, T4 subject to the influence of colored LED lighting in comparison with the control treatment T1 (continuous darkness), and treatment T4 (a mixture of blue and green colors) outperformed the rest of the treatments as it achieved Hatching rate of 89.23%, hatching rate of 78.41% and chick weight at hatching 43.11 g compared to the lowest values ​​in the T1 control treatment (hatching rate of 80.15%, hatching rate of 71.12% and chick weight at hatching 41.35 g) .As for the percentage of total fetal mortality and hatching time, it decreased significantly in the colored LED treatments (T2, T3, T4) compared to control treatment T1 (continuous darkness), and the lowest percentage was in T4 treatment (a mixture of blue and green colors), as total fetal mortality was 7.13% and hatching time 480.1 hours compared to the highest values ​​in control T1 treatment (total fetal death rate 27.62% and hatching time 89.5 hours). As for average weight of the fetus, it increased significantly in colored light treatments (T2, T3, T4) compared to control treatment T1 (continuous dark) during different stages of fetal development studied (7 days, 11 days, 19 days) and the treatment T4 achieved (the two colors mix). blue and green) had the highest average fetal weight during the three stages, it reached 1.54 g at 7 days of age, 7.68 g at 11 days of age, and 32.27 g at 19 days of age, while these values ​​in the T1 control were (1.23 g, 6 ,42 g and 29.79 g, respectively). It is concluded from this study that the introduction of a system Colorful LED lighting alternating with darkness (12L:12D) contributes to improving the hatching process and the quality of the hatched chicks, thus achieving higher yields, which can be adopted as a new management method in poultry production chain in Syria.

Keywords: LED lights, artificial hatching, lighting system, broiler.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bilal Natiq Abdul-Wahhab⁽¹⁾, Basim Aboud Abbas^(2)* and Ammar Talib Dhiab Al-Tememy⁽²⁾

(1). General Company for Agricultural Supplies, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq.

(2). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq.

 (*Corresponding author: Basim Aboud Abbas,  E.ail:  bsmmuhandis@yahoo.com)

Received:  18/08/2022                     Accepted: 16/01/2023

Abstract: 

The experiment aims to monitor changes in the environmental conditions inside the poultry house, a comparison between the times, the locations inside of the hall. Use 405 broiler chicken Rose-308. The results showed a significant effect among the measurement time, day and night, as it gave the highest temperature and lowest relative humidity during the day in comparison with the night, however no significant effect was recorded on dew point and carbon dioxide. The locations of the hall, the front of the hall outperformed in comparison with the middle and the end of the hall with in terms of the lowest temperature, highest relative humidity, dew point and lowest carbon dioxide level. The temperature during the day was higher than it was at night, and the relative humidity was the highest at the front of the hall at night and the lowest at the end of the hall during the day, and the dew point was the highest at the front of the hall during the day and the lowest at the end of the hall at night. As for carbon dioxide, it was not significantly affected by the interaction between the measurement time and location. Where the highest temperature was recorded at 28.44° C with time during the day and the location at the end of the hall, and the lowest relative humidity was 49.184% during the day in the center of the hall, with the dew point and carbon dioxide not being affected significantly. The evening hall’s starting locations outperformed with the lowest temperature of 26.169 °C, the highest relative humidity of 50.57%, and the dew point of 25.34 °C, while no significant effect was recorded for the site and time together on the level of carbon dioxide. There was no effect of the site on the live body weight, while it was found that there was a significant effect of the site in the fifth week in the average weekly weight gain, the first week of the feed intake and feed conversion ratio, as well as a significant effect of the site in the mortality ratio.                                                                        Keywords:  broiler, poultry houses, poultry environment, environmental factors, dew point.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nada ALAmeir*⁽¹⁾ and Mohammad ALSheikh⁽²⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alfurat University, Deir Al-Zour, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, Alfurat University, Deir Al-Zour, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Nada ALAmeir. E-Mail: mmnndd9074@gmail.com).

Received: 21/09/2022                          Accepted: 12/12/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out during the 2022 in a private farm in Deir El-Zawr Governorate on watermelon plants (Citrullus lanatus L.) Hybrid(Joud F₁) in order to study the effect of each of the foliar spraying with dry bread yeast using several concentrations, including (0, 2, 4, and 6) g/ l, at a rate of three sprays, the first when the second true leaf appears, the second at the beginning of the fruit set, and the third in two weeks before maturity, and the distances between one plant and another (1.5, 2 and 2.5) m in the growth and yield of watermelon. The results showed that spraying bread yeast at a concentration of (6) g/L was significantly superior to the rest of the spraying treatments and control in the number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content of leaves, weight of the fruit and productivity. The distance of 2 m between the plants gave the highest values in all the studied characteristics except for the yield, which achieved its highest value (58.66 tons/ hectare) was at a distance of (1.5) m. The interaction of spraying and distances also had a significant effect in all studied characteristics, so the best values were when using the concentration (6) g/ l with a distance of (2) m except for the yield, which was significantly increased at the distance of (1.5) m and the concentration (6) g/ l.

Key Words: Watermelon, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, spacing, yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nadia Al khalaf ^{(1) *} Abboud aljasim⁽¹⁾  and  Mouhammed ALBalekh⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Agriculture Faculty,  Alfurat University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: E. Nadia Alkhalaf   E-Mail : nadiaalkhalaf5@gmail.com).

Received: 20/09/2022           Accepted: 6/12/2022

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in Mrat  village of Deir-Ezzor during 2020 and 2021 seasons.  Splite Plots Design with three replications was used. The Aims was Effect Of Spray By Fulvic Acid and addition of the levels of fertilizer recommendation in Early Characters And Yield Of   Cucumber . by average Four of Fulvic acid (0, 1000, 2000, 3000) Mg/kg and Five levels of the Ground Mineral fertilization With Macro Elements N,P,K According to the Quantities Recommended  by The Ministry  of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform For Cucumber Crop and Based on the Results  of soil Analysis at The Site of Implementation of Research. Where Percentages of this Equation   were used as follows (0 ، 25 ، 50 ، 75 ، 100(%.The Aim of studying: Fulvic acid was using by average (3000) Mg/Kg spray on cucumber leafs showed  significant increase for maturity early. And there was a significant increase compared with or to other treatments for most productivity traits. While was significant increase for the Level of mineral fertilization 100% compared with or to other treatments for all mature early traits. And was a significant increase compared with or to other treatments for most  productivity traits. As for the interaction Between them was significant increase for interaction (3000Mg/kg*100%) and (3000 Mg/Kg*75%) compared with or to other treatments for all mature early traits, where was  (20.87-22.73 day) for respectively for trait of male flower one show and (23.57 , 25.60)  day respectively for trait of female flower one show and (49.13 – 47.03) day respectively for trait Length of the harvest period. AS for the Characteristics of Productivity reached) 6326 -5475  Kg/d) respectively for Total  Productivity at  (3000 Mg/Kg*100%) (3000 Mg/Kg *75%).

Key words: Fulvic acid, cucumber, Mineral fertilization,  early traits, productivity.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf