Tahani Kousa^(1)* , Rashid Kharbotl1⁽¹⁾ and Abd el-Aziz Boessa⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University.

(2). Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University,  Lattakia.

(*Corresponding author: Tahani Kousa.E-Mail:tahanikousa@gmail.com).

Received: 27/07/2024               Accepted:24/10/2024

Abstract: 

This study was carried out in the village of Kassab in Lattakia Governorate on the apple trees of the (Golden delicious) variety during the two growing seasons (2021-2022) to find out the effect of foliar spraying with some nutrients on some physical and chemical specifications of apple fruits of the Golden delicious, the experiment included nine treatments, where spraying with boron, potassium and seaweed extract was carried out individually or in combination with each other,  The spraying process with these materials led to a significant superiority of the studied transactions compared to the control, where the average weight of the fruit increased and gave (180.00) g in the treatment (B+K) While in the witness it was (150.50) g, as for the size of the fruits, the highest volume was recorded in (B+K) (180.83) cm3 and the lowest value in the witness (146.67) cm3. Foliar spraying with these substances also led to an increase in the percentage of total sugars, the highest value was in (B+K+SW) (15.67)%, while the control (13.30)% was also observed, and a decrease in acidity was also observed in (B+K+SW) (0.42)% compared to the control (0.66)%. An increase in the productivity of trees was also observed, where the highest value was recorded in the treatment of (K+B+SW), which is (3926.80) kg/dunum, and the lowest was in the treatment of the witness (2750.00) kg/dunum.

Keywords: : apples, golden delicious, foliar spraying, potassium, boron, seaweedextracts.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Tharwat  Redwan^(*1)  and Mazen Nassour ⁽²⁾

(1). Scientific Research Center of Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

 (*Corresponding author: Tharwat  Redwan. E-Mail: tharwat.redwan@yahoo.com  – 0988929143)

Received:10/07/2024              Accepted:8/10/2024

Abstract: 

The research aimed to evaluate the most important productive and phenological characteristics of R. damascena, and R. centifolia. Cultivated in Lattakia conditions at two different altitudes (650 and 10000m) during 2020-2022. The results showed a variation in the productive and phenological characteristics between the phenotypes of the two species on the one hand and the two sites of the experiment on the other hand. The best results were in site B (1000) m, which gave the highest value for the average plant production and the number of flowers on the plant (66.4), and the average plant productivity (366.06) g/plant. It also achieved the highest value for the flowers content of essential oil. As for the phenotypes as R. centifolia was superior to the average flower weight (12)g and average productivity of (407.5) g/plant, but it contained the least number of flowers and the lowest percentage of essential oil. The results of the qualitative analysis of the essential oil resulting from the two studied species showed that it contained good proportions of many important compounds (Nerol, Geraniol, , Linalool, Tetracanol, Nondecane) and  R. centifolia is superior in its essential oil content to the Nerol compound compared to R. damascena. The results of the study of phenological phases showed a delay in the phenological phases of the studied phenotypes with increasing altitude above sea level.                                                                                        

Key words:  Rosa Damascena, Rosa centifolia. Productivity , Essential Oil, Lattakia.Phenological phases.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Dima  khrmashow^(1)*

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dima khrmashow  E-Mail: khrmashowdima@gmail.com

Received: 27/07/2024                   Accepted: 14/10/2024

Abstract: 

  The research was carried out in Latakia – the village of Dbiqa during the 2021 growing season, with the aim of studying the effect of foliar spraying of cucumber plants with the growth regulator naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on flower growth characteristics. Three concentrations of NAA (150, 100, 50( ppm were used also with control without spraying, and the experiment was designed according to Randomized complete block design, with three replicates per treatment.  The results showed a positive effect of spraying with NAA, as all concentrations used were superior to the control plants. The treatment led to an increase in the total number of flowers and the number of female flowers, in addition to a reduction in the number of male flowers, which contributed to increasing the sex ratio. Spraying with a concentration of NAA of 150 ppm was preferable, as shown. Spraying with a concentration of 150 ppm of NAA has a distinctive role in reducing the number of nodes that precede the first female flower, in addition to its effective effect in increasing the percentage of female flowers and the percentage of stagnant flowers on the plant.

Keywords: Cucumber, Naphthalene Acetic Acid, NAA, Flower growth.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rama Mansour^(1)*

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Rama Mansour. E-mial: rama1mansour1990@gmail.com)

Received: 13/06/2024                  Accepted: 14/10/2024

Abstract: 

 The research was studied of Al- Hennadi, – Lattakia, in the spring season of 2020, where The effect of foliar spray with cycocel, Salicylic acid, and Silicon on Potato morpholigicall characteristics, grown and prodactivity under conditions of irrigation water salinity (6 ds). /m). The research concluded 14 treatments : 1-control , 2- Salicylic Acid 25 ppm, 3- Salicylic Acid 50 ppm , 4- Cycocyl 400 ppm ,  5- Cycocyl 600 ppm,  6- Silicon 100 ppm , 7- Silicon 200 ppm, 8-Salt water, 9 –Salt water+ Salicylic Acid 25 ppm , 10- Salt water+ Salicylic Acid 50 ppm, 11-Salt water+ Cycocyl 400 ppm  , 12- Salt water+ Cycocyl 600 ppm, 13- Salt water+ Silicon 100 ppm, 14- Salt water+ Silicon 200 ppm. The results showed that foliar spray with Si and SA, improved growth in, plant height, shoot number , leaf number, leaf area/ plant (cm²)and leaf area index, and fruit growth in terms of number and weight of tubers and productivity, when plants were irrigated with normal or saline water. The results showed as well that CCC treatment reduced plant height, and increased shoot number when plant were  irrigated with normal water, but, when the plants were irrigated with saline water, CCC treatment increased leaf number, leaf area/ plant (cm²), leaf area index, shoot number, and fruitful growth in terms of number and weight of tubers and prodactivity. The results indicated that SA, CCC, and Si could alleviate the harmful effect of salinity, with preference of Si200 which was more effective.

Key words: Salinity, Silicon, Salicylic acid,  Cycocel, Potato.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kholod  Abbas ^(1)* , Georges Makhoul⁽¹⁾ , Faisal  Dway⁽¹⁾ and Mohammad Naddaf ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Food Science – Faculty of Agriculture – Tishreen University  Lattakia – Syria.

(*corresponding author : kholod abbas. Email: kholod.abbas7@gmail.com)

Received:6/08/2024                                               Accepted:27/11/2024

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out during three seasons (2020,2021,2022) on Al- khudairi olive trees,30 years old in Rwayst al-hersh village in Lattakia. The aim of research is to study the effect of irrigation and organic fertilization on the production and quality of fruits of Al- khudairi olive trees. Two levels of organic fertilizer 5 and 7 kg\ tree, were added in November, and irrigation water was used three times at a fixed irrigation water rate at 800 liters\ tree\irrigation. A completely randomized design was adopted. The experiment included 12 treatments and each treatment had 3 replications. The results were analyzed using Genestat 12 program by calculating the least significant difference level of 5%. The results showed that the  T12 treatment (7 kg\tree organic fertilizer+ 3 irrigations) was superior to the three- year average in the amount of production of 45.54 kg\tree, with an increase rate of 88.18 % over the control , and in the average weight of the fruit 3.32 g and the average weight of the pulp of 2.7g, an incease of 45,94% over the control. Also, all the treatment that received one or two or tree irrigations wewe superior in average pulp to kernel ratio to all treatments that didn’t receive irrigation. Also, (T8, T12) were superior in average fruit size (3.1 ,3) cm³with significant differences. The size of the kernel and the percentage of purification also followed the same trend as the size of the fruit , as treatment (T12, T8) (0.486,0.48) cm³  and(2.997,2.99)%  consecutirely out performed the rest treatment.

Keywords: olive , organic fertilizer , irrigation , production.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bashar Tobo^*(1)  and  Wael Ali⁽²⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Ecology and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture,Tishreen University, Latakia , Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Bashar Tobo, Email: bashar.tobo33@gmail.com).

Received: 8/12/2024           Accepted:12/08/2024                   

 Abstract: 

This study, which was conducted in the Baluran site (Latakia Governorate), aimed to examine the crooked, burned trees of the Pinus brutia Ten. to estimate the biomass of these trees and calculate the percentage of artificial wood, fuel wood, and crooked wood. 64 circular samples were taken with an area of ​​400 m2 and a sample radius of 11.3 metres, which largely represents the statistical variation found at the site. The results showed that using the exponential equation gave good results in biomass estimates, as the coefficient of determination reached 0.95, which is an excellent value, as the exponential model can explain 95% of the measured points or values. The diameters of the burned crooked trees cut at the studied site ranged between (15-50.5) cm, with an average of 33.15 cm, covering all rows of diameters. The measured tree heights ranged between (13-20) meters, with an average of 16.6 metres. The weights of the trunks of the burned crooked trees ranged between (104.9-1171.2). ) kg with an average of 523.9 kg, the percentage of artificial wood (30.7-99.4)% with an average of 71%, the percentage of crooked wood (6.4-66)% with an average of 27%, and the percentage of fuel wood (0.4-5.7)% with an average of 1.7%.

key words: Crooked trees, Biomass, Timber wood, Firewood,  Pinus brutia.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Areej Alkeder^(1)*, Rash Aljarad⁽¹⁾, Muhammad Iyad Abbara⁽¹⁾,Nabila Kridi⁽¹⁾, Safaa Hazeim⁽¹⁾, Julia Esmander⁽¹⁾ , Nada Ghiba⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Natural Resources Research, General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Researches, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Areej Alkeder, E.mail:  areejalkeder@gmail.com).

Received:15/10/2023                 Accepted: 31/05/2023

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out at the Al-Nashabiyah Research Station in the Damascus countryside governorate in the 2022-2023 season, with the aim of studying the effect of adding levels of urea with biofertilizer on some production indicators of durum wheat, Sham 7 variety. Urea was added at four rates (25 – 50 – 75 – 100). % of the fertilizer recommendation separately, and the previous four treatments were added mixed with the EM1 biofertilizer, and the treatments were compared with the control treatment without addition and the EM1 biofertilizer treatment. Using a completely randomized block design. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the control and the biofertilizer treatment in all the indicators studied on wheat, while the increase was positive under the influence of the rest of the fertilizer treatments. The four treatments of urea mixed with the EM1 biofertilizer recorded significant differences in spike length, grain productivity, and weight of a thousand grains compared to the control. The urea fertilizer treatment added at a rate of 100% of the fertilizer recommendation and mixed with biofertilizer achieved the highest grain yield of 7.08 tons/ha compared to (the control 4.33 tons/ha and the biofertilizer treatment only 4.85 tons/ha).

Keywords: durum wheat, urea,  biofertilizer, spike length,  grain yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Fuzia Elfituri Eltariki⁽¹⁾ and Mohamed Alsoul ^(1)*

(1).Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Mohamed Alsoul,   E-mail: m.alsoul@yahoo.com

Tel: +218911929513)

Received:9/03/2024                   Accepted: 29/07/2024

Abstract: 

was grown under varied temperature conditions (7±1; 17±1; 27±1 and 33 ±1˚C). Growth rate, dry weight, chlorophyll a content, total carbohydrate content, total lipid content and cell ultrastructure were investigated when there was growth, whereas only cell ultrastructure, and survival were investigated when no growth was observed. Tetraselmis marina was able to grow under temperature ranged from 7±1˚C to 27±1˚C, with a relatively stable growth rate (0.69-0.91 division/day) and dry weight (0.188-0.241 gL^-1) respectively. Decreasing in chlorophyll a content and total carbohydrate content were observed under low temperature; this was coupled with increasing in total lipid content. Whereas no growth observed when Tetraselmis marina was maintained at 33±1˚C. Transmission electron micrographs illustrate that, Tetraselmis marina grown under high temperature conditions (33±1˚C) forms non-motile cysts, these cysts are capable of rejuvenating when return to suitable growth temperature. 

Key words: Tetraselmis marina, cysts, behavior, survival, Biochemical composition.

Full paper in English: pdf

Abier Raouf Mahmoud Al-Qaissi *⁽¹⁾, Abdullah Abdul-Karim Hassan ⁽²⁾, and Waleed Mohammad Saleh ⁽¹⁾

(1). Agricultural Research Office –   Ministry of Science and Technology, Salah Aldin, Iraq

(2). Tikrit University, College of Agriculture, Salah Aldin, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.AbierMahmoud Al-Qaissi. E-MailAbiers2014@gmail.com).

Received:12/06/2023                 Accepted: 2/08/2023

Abstract: 

Thirteen bacterial isolates were isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat plants (cultivar Sham 6), from different locations in Salah El-Din Governorate in Iraq for the agricultural season 2020-2021. These bacterial isolates were screened depending on the ability inhabit the pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani growth on the nutrient agar medium. The isolates Ar-7, Ar-10 and Ar-3 were significantly superior by recording the highest inhabitation, which reached 9.85, 7.33 and 6.12 mm, respectively. These isolates were molecularly identified as Psudomonas fluorescences, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis according to the matching of the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of these isolates with the global strains recorded in the World Genetic Bank (NCBI), which matched by 99.03-98.65%. P. fluorescences significantly outperformed by recording the highest hydrogen cyanide production, as it recorded the highest absorbance of 0.894 nm, with the superiority of the treatment of a mixture of three bacterial filtrates of these isolates significantly under disease stress inducing systemic resistance of the plant by increasing the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, which reached 1.436 and 1.046 units/ml, respectively. In addition to the superiority of the same treatment by recording the lowest infection severity amounting to 6.64%, In addition to its significant superiority over all other treatments in the wheat productivity, as it gave the highest grain weight and 1000 grain weight, reaching 20.41 g/plant and 32.82g/1000grains, compared to 7.57 g/plant and 13.7 g in the pathogenic fungus treatment.

Keywords: Rhizosphere, PGPR, wheat/ sham 6, root rot disease, Fusarium solani.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reem  Alkhlif * ^{(1) (2)} , Mohammad Fawaz Azmeh ⁽²⁾, and Mahmoud abu Ghoura ⁽¹⁾

(1). Plant Protection department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(2). National Commission for biotechnology, SYRIA

(*Corresponding author: Reem Alkhlif, Email reem.alkhlif@damascusuniversity.edu.sy )

Received: 7/07/2023           Accepted: 13/08/2023

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in the greenhouse of Syrian National Commission for Biotechnology in Damascus during the 2021-2022 season, with the aim of studying the effect of Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza VAM Glomus spp.  and Trichoderma harzianum fungi and bacterial isolates, which were isolated from the rhizosphere of Tomato plants and Trifolium purpureum, for controlling the effect of Fusarium solani that causes Tomato wilt, in planta. Bacterial isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus cereus were identified according to several biochemical tests. Comparisons made between treatments were based on the dry weight of shoots and roots of treated and control plants, plant length, disease severity (%) according to the approved scale, and infection rate (%). The best isolates in controlling F.solani were the two isolates C33 and F63 related to Pseudomonas fluorescens with disease severity of 3.33 and 6.67% respectively, and increasing parameters of plants growth (plant height 70 and 63.25 cm, dry plant weight 5.05 and 4.75 g, dry root weight 4.35 and 4.9 g, respectively). In addition, the isolate K11 related to Bacillus cereus gave similar efficiency in disease control and growth parameters with a disease severity 6.67%, plant height 76 cm, dry plant weight 6.55 g, dry root weight 4.025 g. There were no significant differences between the results of the above mentioned parameters with plants treated with Trichoderma where results showed disease severity of 6.67%, plant height 69.75 cm, dry plant weight 6.05 g and dry root weight of 3.075 g. While, the isolate RIZN of B. cereus suppressed infection with the pathogen where disease severity became 3.33%, but it did not effect growth parameters. The greatest increase in dry weight of the roots was observed when  plants were treated with the bacterial isolate F63, neither treatment with this isolate nor treatment with VAM revealed significant differences in dry weight  when compared with the healthy control of the roots giving the following results 4.9, 4.4, and 3.25 g, respectively.

Keywords: Fusarium solani, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzianum, Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf