Mohammad Naddaf ⁽¹⁾,Nisreen Naksho ⁽²⁾ and Amany younes^*(1(

(1). Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). National Commission for Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Damascus University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Amany Younes, amanyyounes996@gmail.com ).

Received: 19/02/2024         Accepted: 26/06/2024

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in the laboratories of the National Commission for Biotechnology at the University of Damascus during the period 2022-2023. The purpose of this research was to find the optimal fermentation conditions to produce the highest possible yield of biomass from Saccharomyces cerevisiae using carrot juice as the sole carbon source. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method was used to determine the best conditions to get the highest yield, where the biomass of the yeast has reached (22.54 g/L) after 24 hours of fermentation, in the following optimal conditions (temperature 30 ⁰C), pH (5), at a rotation speed of 200 rpm during the fermentation process. According to the Syrian standard, the fermentation power of the resulting biomass was excellent, as the volume of CO2 produced reached 2900 (cm³).

Key Words: baker`s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Biomass, Carrot juice, Temperature, pH.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Amani Birawi *⁽¹⁾, Muhammad Baher Al-Kaddour ⁽²⁾, Bayan Alabdullah ⁽³⁾, Ayham Asbah⁽¹⁾, and Ibrahim Alghoraibi ⁽⁴⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Hama Research Center, Hama, Syria.

(2). Department of soil and soil reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). General Authority for Management Development and Protection of the Badia, Damascus, Syria.

(4). Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Amani Birawi,  E-Mail: eng.amani199001@gmail.com).

Received:16/03/2024          Accepted: 11/06/2024

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in an olive orchard belonging to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (Hama Research Center) during the two seasons (2020-2021) with the aim of studying the effect of different levels of conventional and Nano-fertilizers on the productivity of the olive tree (Kaisi cv.) and its oil content. The experimental trees were chosen to be as homogeneous in growth and age as possible. Traditional nitrogen fertilizers were added according to the following parameters: K (control without fertilization), T₁₀₀ (according to the previous fertilizer recommendation of the Ministry of Agriculture at 555 g/tree), T₇₅ (25% less than the fertilizer recommendation at 416 g/tree), T₅₀ (less Of the 50% fertilizer recommendation, 278 g/tree), T₁₂₅ (25% more than the 694 g/tree), T₁₅₀ (50% more than the 833 g/tree), and Nano-fertilizers were added according to the following parameters : N₁₀ (10 g/tree), N₂₀ (20 g/tree), N₃₀ (30 g/tree), N₄₀ (40 g/tree), and phosphate and potassium fertilizers were added to all previous treatments according to the approved fertilizer recommendation and at a fixed rate, and the experiment was designed. Completely randomized block method, with three replicates for each treatment. The results showed that the greater the amount of traditional nitrogen fertilizer (urea) than the 25% fertilizer recommendation in the treatment (T₁₂₅), the productivity increased to (33.67, 41.47 kg/tree) in both seasons and without a significant difference with the treatment N₄₀ (40 g/tree) Nano-nitrogen fertilizer. Which also excelled in terms of oil percentage, reaching (20.25 and 21.12%) respectively.

 Keywords: olive, traditional fertilizers, Nano-nitrogen fertilizers, Kaisi cultivar.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ismail Omran^(1)*

(1). directorate of agriculture and agrarian reform, lattakia, ministry of agriculture and agrarian reform, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ismail Mohammad Omran, E-mail: Ismail.omran86@gmail.com)

          Received:26/05/2024                    Accepted:25/06/2024

Abstract: 

The research aimed to study the impact of agricultural policy on peanut crop production in Syria using the policy analysis matrix (PAM). To achieve the previous objectives, the research relied on secondary data issued by the ministry of agriculture and agrarian reform in Syria for the year 2020 and the descriptive analytical approach was used with the aim of introducing the analysis matrix policies (PAM) in terms of its construction mechanism, and methods of using it in analyzing and evaluating policies.  The results of the research showed that the peanut production system is considered competitive, and enjoy a comparative advantage in its production , which can be used to increase exports, in addition to the lack of support for peanut prices and their fluctuation during the agricultural season. It was also shown that there is support A simple provision of production inputs would reduce costs. The results also showed that there is a real percentage of support provided by the state for agricultural products, but at a low percentage , and that peanut producers receive implicit support, because the effective protection factor is greater than one, and despite this , production costs are still quite high. This would reduce the percentage of profit achieved by the farmer.                                 

Key words: peanut yield, comparative advantage, local resource cost factor, producer support factor, agricultural policies.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mahmoud Khateeb⁽¹⁾, Aziza Ajouri⁽²⁾, Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban^*(3)

(1). Department of Soil Science and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria

(3). Department of Field Crop, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban. E-Mail: Shaabany57@gmail.com).

Received: 18/04/2024         Accepted: 16/05/2024

Abstract: 

An Experiment was conducted at Homeimeh search station in Aleppo, through 2021/2022 season to compare adding hydrogel and soluble fertilizers, and their effects on productivity characteristics of corn variety “Ghota 1”. Completely randomized block design was used with five treatments: (control without fertilizers, adding soluble fertilizer by 2 kg/donem, adding hydrogel by 1, 2 3 kg/donem). The fertilizers were added three times through season. Some morphological and yield component measured with analysis of seed content of NPK. Positive effects were showed when adding hydrogel by rising seed content of NPK comparing with traditional soluble fertilizer. There was an increasing of grain yield, biological yield and seed weight in earns by ratio: 4.8, 7.9, 7.5% when adding at same level (2 kg/donem), and by ratio: 7.7, 19.8, 15.2% when adding (3 kg/donem) respectively. These indicate to efficiency of hydrogel fertilizers to supply mineral elements to corn by high efficiency comparing with traditional fertilizers. And that reflects on improve morphological and productivity characteristics of corn.

Key Words: Hydrogel, NPK, Corn, Seed Content of Minerals, Grain Yield.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ababel hamoud*(1) and Hayat watfa(2)

(1). Natural Resources, General Authority for Agricultural Scientific Research, Damascus, Syria.
(2). Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus , Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Ababel Hamoud. E-mail:ababelhamod@gmail.com).

Received: 3/03/2024             Accepted:25/05/2024

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out at the Al-Nashabiya station of the General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research in Damascus Countryside Governorate in the year 2021), with the aim of determining the optimal time for fermentation of sawdust and the study of changes in some of the chemical properties of compost during its manufacture of sawdust. Where the sawdust was brewed over four periods (0, 1, 2, 4) , and to determine the degree of ( pH, EC) and the percentage of organic carbon,total nitrogen, organic matter, and C/N . The results of the statistical analysis The pH decreased in fermented sawdust at the beginning of the fermentation at 7.27, then the degree of pH rose to be alkaline at the end of the fermentation and reached 8.17. The degree of Ec is two months after the start of the fermentation, and then it decreased at the end of the fermentation process, and the percentageof total nitrogen content was observed in the start of the fermentation due to its nitrogenous poverty. A significant decrease in organic carbon and organic matter was also observed with increased fermentation time, and the results showed that the percentage of C/N was high in fermentation raw materials and then decreased after two months with significant differences in favor of the treatment 4 months. The treatment (4 months) is the best results and with clear differences in all the indicators studied in the experiment.
Key words: sawdust, carbon, nitrogen, organic matter, compost, fermentation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hiba Mohammad Mansour^*(1) and  Boulos Iskander Khoury⁽¹⁾

(1). Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Hiba Mansour, email: hibamuhammedmansour@gmail.com)

Received: 25/2/2024                                Accepted: 9/5/2024

Abstract

Additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) model was performed to assess genotype x environment interactions and yield stability for 15 bread wheat genotypes in 4 various locations in Syria (AL-Ghab, Hraison, Himmin, and Darmini) during 2020-2021 season, the experiment was designed using randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replications in the four locations, the data were statistically analysis using GenStat 12^th program. AMMI Biplot analysis combines pooled analysis and principal components analysis (PCA). The results of the pooled analysis showed that there were significant differences between genotypes (G), the tested locations (E), and the interaction between them (GxE), this indicates the necessity of evaluating and testing genotypes in many different locations. The results of variation analysis according to the AMMI model showed that the first and second principal components were significant and explained 88% of the total variances; this indicates the efficiency of this model in representing and interpreting the genotype x environment interactions. AMMI Stability Value (A.S.V) was also estimated to rank the studied genotypes according to their stability; depending on this value the promising line Douma68498 followed by the promising line ACSAD1300 had high stability. The results of AMMI Biplot analysis illustrated that the most stable genotypes were the two promising lines Douma68498 and Douma68467, and the variety Gollan2 showed specific adaptation and good suitability to the Darmini site, while the two promising lines ACSAD1147 and ACSAD1115 adapted to Himmin and Hraison sites. The results also showed that the AL-Ghab site was the best location. The best-studied genotypes that combined superior yield and high stability are the promising lines Douma66241 and Douma66981, representing the ideal genotype desired by plant breeders. This study showed that the AMMI model’s parameters give similar indicators for determining stable genotypes, and they are useful in improving the selection process and releasing new varieties in plant breeding programs using the AMMI Biplot.

Keywords: AMMI Biplot, Bread Wheat, Yield Stability, Principal Components Analysis, Ideal Genotype, A.S.V Value.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Nadia ALKhalaf *⁽¹⁾                                                             

(1). Doctor of  Horticulture, agriculture faculty- Alfurat University

(Corresponding author: Dr. Nadia ALKhalaf: nadiaalkhalaf5@gmail.com )

Received : 3/3/2024                        Accepted : 5/9/2024

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in Mrat village of Deir-Ezzor during the 2020 and 2021 seasons. The Aims was Effect of Spray By K-Humates and addition of the levels of fertilizer recommendation in physiological Characters and Yield Of Cucumber. by average four of K-Humates )HA₀  =0 g\l, HA₁ = 1 g\l, HA₂ = 2 g\l, HA₃ = 3 g\l( and Five levels of the Ground Mineral fertilization With Macro Elements N,P,K According to the Quantities Recommended by The Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform For Cucumber Crop and Based on the Results of soil Analysis at The Site of Implementation of Research Where Percentages of this Equation were used as follows) T₀ =0%, T₁ =25%,T₂ =50%,T₃= 75%, T₄=100%) Split Plots Design with three replications and a Rate of Ten Plants In Refined was used . The Aim of studying: K-Humates was using by average (3 g\l) spray on cucumber leaves and showed a significant increase in physiological Characters. And there was a significant increase compared with or to other treatments for most productivity traits. While was a significant increase in the level of mineral fertilization by 100% compared with or to other treatments for all physiological Character traits, and there was a significant increase compared with or to other treatments for most productivity traits. As for the interaction Between them, there was a significant increase in interaction (HA₃×T₄) compared with or to other treatments for all physiological Character traits. As for most of the Characteristics of Productivity, It was (46.46 fruit/plant) For the Number of Fruit on one plant and (5617.1 kg/acres) for Total Productivity

Keywords: K-Humates, cucumber, physiological, productivity, Mineral fertilization.  

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mayada Zahlout* ⁽¹⁾, Sarhan Layka⁽¹⁾ , Ahmad kara- Ali⁽²⁾,   and Abeer Sultan⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Botany, Faculty of Science , Tishreen University , Lattakia , Syria.

(2). High Institute Marine Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia , Syria.

(3). Faculty of Science, Tishreen University,  Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mayada zahlout: Mayadaam79@gmail.com).

Received: 2/12/2023                                   Accepted: 21/4/2024

Abstract: 

The current research included a study of the morphological characteristics of five species of the genus Convolvulus L. of the Convolvulacaea family, widespread in Latakia Governorate, during the two years (2021-2022), using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The results showed that the pollen grains of the genus are medium to large in size, with three germinal lines, 3-zonocolpate, with various shapes: C.althaeoides, C.arvensis, C.cantabrica, and C.scammonia, and the prolate-elongated form of C.scammonia, and the oblate-spheroidal form of C.scammonia.  betanocefolius and the sub-prolate shape of the species C.cantabrica. The decorations are notched. The smallest pollen grains were of the species C.cantabrica (52.2 – 60 ×((48.66 – 54.8) μm  For species within a genus, they provide valuable information for distinguishing between similar species.

Key words: Convolvulacaea, Convolvulus L., pollen grains , 3-zonocolpate, electron microscope SEM .

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammed Mareai^*(1) Mohammad Maqbool ⁽²⁾ and Tawfiq Al- Omari ⁽²⁾

(1). National Genetic Resource Center, Agricultural Research and Extension Authority, Dhamar, Republic of Yemen.

(2). Central Highlands Research station, Agricultural Research and Extension Authority, Dhamar, Republic of Yemen

(*Corresponding author: M. Mareai: mareemohammed88@yahoo.com, tel: 00967771843022)

Received: 8/2/2025                        Accepted: 21/7/2025

Abstract: 

The study was carried out, in the Central Highlands Region, Dhamar Governorate – Republic of Yemen in nine different locations during the summer season (July) 2020 AD. The study was concentrated in three districts, which are Mayfa’a Ans, Otma and Al-Hadda. In each district, three locations were chosen for the purpose of evaluating and studying the phenotypic and productive characteristics of tree varieties of pea (1 local and two improved Yahsob and Amran). Each cultivar was planted with an area of 150 m² in each site and was relied on 30 descriptive and quantitative traits. The results showed that the cultivars were divided into two groups, the first for the local cultivars (Landraces), the second group included the two improved cultivars Yahsob and Amran, The results of the cluster analysis indicate that the improved varieties differed from the local variety in many characteristics, and the degree of kinship reached only 40%, which indicates the presence of genetic divergence between them, while the degree of kinship between the variety Yahsob and Amran reached 93%, which indicates the presence of genetic closeness between them, and therefore it is possible to rely on the phenotypic characteristics to distinguish between the varieties, the study confirms the importance of expanding it by increasing the number of varieties in addition to the molecular study.

Key words: characteristics, traits, phenotypic, productive, cluster analysis and genetic kinship.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohamad Fouti*⁽¹⁾, Ahmad Kamari⁽¹⁾, and Ahmad Ayoubi⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

(2). Dept of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ebla, Idleb, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Mohamad Fouti: Mohammadfoti@gmail.com )

Received: 26/4/2025                       Accepted: 3/8/2025

Abstract: 

The parsley (Petroselinum crispum) has been known since ancient times for its nutritional and medicinal importance and its use as an anti-hyperglycemic and cardiovascular stimulant and digestive disorders, this research aimed to estimate the total content of phenols and flavonoids within the methanolic extract of the parsley plant (aerial parts only), and to evaluate the antioxidant efficacy based on the use of DPPH compound (2-2-biphenyl-1-becryl hydrazil) using spectroscopic methods. The results of the chemical survey showed the presence of many active groups in the methanolic extract of parsley such as phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids, and the phenols content was measured using the Foline Seocalto reagent and the flavonoid content was measured using aluminum chloride, the results showed that parsley contains a quantity of phenols amounting to (24.73 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (mg GAE/g DW 16.22) and showed antioxidant activity of (IC50 = 73.45 mg/ml) From the previous results, we conclude the reason for the great effectiveness of the parsley plant in resisting many diseases and therefore it can be used to resist oxidative stress of cells because of its effective external antioxidants.

Keywords: Parsley, flavonoids, phenols, DPPH compound.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF