Hazar Wakil^*(1) Hasan Alla Aldin⁽¹⁾ and Talal Amin⁽¹⁾

 (1).Forestry and Environment Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria..

(*Corresponding author: Eng.Hazar Wakil. E-Mail:amenmamon@hotmail.com).

Received: 01/11/2019                                Accepted: 28/12/2020

Abstract

This research aimed to the study of the propagation of stem cuttings of the Leyland cypress on three types of agricultural medium which were:the sand, turf and a mixture of turf and sand by percent of 1:1by  using IBA hormone in a concentration of (8000ppm). The work was conducted into the greenhouse Tishreen center of the Directorate of Agriculture, Lattakia. The experiment was designed by complete randomized blocks with four replicates for each treatment and 20 cuttings in each replicat. The experiment conducted in March 2019 and lasted for 4 months.The results were as follow: The mixture medium was the best for rooting where the percentage reached (66.7%), whereas in turf was (50.7%) and in sand (25.3%). The average of the length of the main roots was the highest in sand that it reached (9.80 cm), whereas the length was reduced in the mixture medium to (7.74 cm) and in the turf to (6.85). The use of IBA hormone increased the percentage of rooting from (0%) in the control treatment to (66.7%) to the cuttings treated with hormone.

Keyword: Leylandii cypress, Stem cuttings, Agricultural Medium, Rooting

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Malak Saboh* ⁽¹⁾ and Talal Ameen⁽¹⁾

 (1)- Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University,
Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Malak Saboh. E-Mail: malak.sabboh@gmail.com)

Received: 13/08/2020                                Accepted: 25/09/2020

Abstract

The study was conducted during 2018-2019 on some species of Thymus spp. spreaded in Lattakia’s  forestry. Morphological characteristics of the species identity has been determined based on study of 21 phenotypic characteristics for 36 genotypes belonging to three species of Thymus spp. which were Thymus capitatus Hoff. (Snobar Jableh), Thymus syriacus Bioss (Solas, Kasab) and Thymus cilicicus Bioss ( Al-Dalia) . Morphological indicators were used depending on formal characteristics of the leaves ,flowers ,fruits , and seeds. The morphological characterization results were analyzed using the statistical program NTSYS  and using Cluster analysis according to (UPGMA) method . Cluster analysis showed that the genotypes were divided into three separate groups. Each group included all the distinctive species. The morphological variance rate reached  93%.

Keyword: Thymus spp., morphological characterization, Cluster analysis

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Awad Mahmoud Al Aswad*⁽¹⁾

(1).Department of Ecology and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Furat University, Deir Ezzor, Syria.

(*Corresponding autho:  dr.awadalaswad@gmail.com)

Received: 10/05/2020                    Accepted: 02/07/2020

Abstract

The research was conducted at the Forestry Nursery of the Directorate of Agriculture in Deir Ezzor Governorate during the growing season of 2019. The objective of the experiment was to study the effect of humic acid application and different irrigation intervals on the growth and productivity of Panicum antidotale. The experiment was implemented in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) by planting panicum seeds in polyethylene bags filled with a mixture of soils to  sand (2:1) in four replicates. Also, three irrigation intervals (7, 14, and 21 days) and two humic acid application treatments (none addition and application of humic acid) were used. The growth and productivity parameters were recorded at each cut, where two cuts that were taken during the season (one cut each two months). Results indicated that irrigation interval of 7 days was significantly higher than the other irrigation intervals in plant height (cm), number of tillers, and fresh and dry wright (g) in both cuts and the study season. Application of humic acid surpassed the treatment  without humic acid addition significantly and recorded the highest values of plant height and fresh and dry weight of plant in both cuts. The studied parameters were significantly affected by the interaction between irrigation intervals and humic acid application, whereas irrigation interval of 7 days and application of humic acid was significantly higher than the other treatments and recorded the highest values of plant height of (56.75 and 50.28 cm), plant fresh weight of (18.35 and 18.95 g) and plant dry weight of ( 9.43 and 10.24 g) at the first and the second cuts, respectively;      

Key words:  Panicum antidotale plant, Humic acid, Irrigation intervals, Fresh and dry weight.

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Ilene Mahfoud ^{* (1)} and Suha Nbeaa ⁽¹⁾

(1).Forestry and Ecology department, Agriculture faculty, Tishreen university.Latakia –Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Email ilenemahfoud@tishreen.edu.sy)

Received: 19/11/2020                                Accepted: 11/02/2020

Abstract

The aim of this study was to use the Landsat 7 ETM+ and  Landsat 8 images (taken in 16 November 2016) for forest parameters estimation of the most important plantation sites of Pinus brutia Ten. in Jableh region. Thirty sample plots were used to conduct field work, during October and November 2016, covering the whole variance within area of study (Jableh). After that, linear regression relationships between the forest parameters (tree diameter and height, basal area and wooden stock) with the spectral bands of Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 images, were developed. Linear relationships between the forest parameters with  values of some  spectral indices calculated using the same  images, were also studied. The results showed  significant regressions (P value=0.05) between the forest parameters and the spectral bands of the Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 images. Regressions between the  forest parameters  and both of  band 5 (b5=0.85-0.88 µm) and band 9 (b9=1.36-1.38 µm) of the Landsat 8 image were non-significant. Results also revealed significant regressions between all studied spectral indices and  studied forest parameters (excluding EVI2 with basal area) . Consequently, reliable models were constructed  to get forest data for pinus brtuia Ten. groups in Jableh region, for the desired times, in case the same type of images, taken in the same period of the year, will be used.

Keywords:  Forest parameters, Turkish pine, Spectral indices, Landsat7, landsat8, Linear regression

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Noura Alhussein⁽¹⁾  , M. Taher Anan ⁽²⁾ and Yahia Mohamad Fareed ⁽¹⁾

• of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo.Aleppo-Syria
• of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Aleppo. Aleppo-Syria

(*Corresponding author:  00963934050014،  alhusseini.noura@gmail.com)

 Received: 05/01/2020                   Accepted: 06/02/2020

Abstract:

In this paper, Principal Components Analysis approach (PCA) and the Multilayer Feed Forward Neural Networks (MLFF) have been hybridized to improve the prediction of monthly rates of minimum, maximum and dry temperatures, wind speed, air pressure, relative humidity, and the monthly total rainfall of Aleppo city in Syria, and the  monthly rates of minimum, maximum and dry temperatures, vapor pressure, and rain precipitation of the Mon city in the state of Nagland in India, where three methods have compared, the first method have involved prediction using the (MLFF), while in the second one PCA has applied to the inputs of the MLFF network and prediction, and in the third one replacement the temperature series with the first PC have  proposed then (PCA) has applied to the inputs of the MLFF network and prediction. The results have showed the ability of the MLFF network to predict the weather parameters under study except the rainfall series as it is one of the series which doesn’t follow a specific rule, and the application of PCA approach to the inputs of the network has reduced the number of network parameters to be estimated, improved prediction results,  and the third proposed method has outperformed the Previous two methods for predicting the series under study.

KeyWords: Principal Components Analysis, Neural Networks, Prediction, Weather Parameters of Aleppo City, Weather Parameters of Mon City

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                     Irfan Aswad Al-Hamd ⁽¹⁾  and  Abdul Razzaq Jarbu ⁽²⁾

(1): Department of Soil and Land Reclamation – Faculty of Agriculture at Deir Ezzor – Euphrates University.

(2): Department of Soil and Land Reclamation – Faculty of Agriculture at Hasaka – Euphrates University .

(*Corresponding author Irfan Aswad Al-Hamd . Mobile (0932799099) – Email: orfan.alhmad@gmail.com)

Received: 8/4/2020                                    Accepted: 23/11/2020

Abstract:

In order to find the optimum fertilizer levels from fermented sheep waste and nitrogen fertilizer for wheat plants (variety Sham 6) grown in clay soil, the potted experiment was carried out during the year (11/15/2017) according to the RCBD design and with three replications, the research included two factors: fertilization With fermented sheep waste with three levels (0, 10 and 20) tons / hectare, symbol for it (M0, M1 and M2 Ton / hectare) , and nitrogen fertilizer in four levels (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg N / hectare), symbol for it (N0, N1, N2 and N3) in the form of urea fertilizer (N One third of it was added when planting, the second third after a month of germination and the last third after 60 days of germination. Potassium sulfate (K₂O, 50) was added as a source of potassium at a level of 80 kg K₂O / ha and triple superphosphate fertilizer as a source of phosphorus (P₂O₅, 46%). At the level of (100 kg P₂0₅ / hectare) when planting. Some vegetative and productive characteristics and some soil indicators were studied.The results confirmed a significant increase in each of (plant height, cm, number of spikes / m2, weight of 1000 grains, g and grain yield, tons / hectare) in the overlap of treatment of fermented sheep waste at two levels (20) tons / hectare with fertilization treatment at level (240). (Kg N / ha), reaching (94.12 cm, 300.12 spikes / m2, 33.47 g and 5328.0) tons / ha respectively. There was also a significant increase in the characteristic of the organic matter when the level of fermented sheep waste (M2) (20) tons / hectare overlapped with the level of nitrogen fertilizer (N1) (80) kg N / ha, as the highest value reached (1.412)%. The highest non-significant value of soil reaction degree (pH) was achieved from the interaction of (no addition of fermented sheep residues) (M0) with nitrogen fertilizer treatment at the level of (80) kg N / ha, as it reached (7.75). The highest value of the electrical conductivity of the soil from the interaction of (not adding fermented sheep residues (M0) with the nitrogen fertilizer treatment was (240) kg N / hectare, reaching (4.64) m / dS.

Key words: Fermented Sheep Manure, Nitrogen Fertilization, Some Growth Characteristics And Wheat Plant Productivity, And Soil Indices.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Redwan Al-gasem^{⁎ (1)}, Maher Yousef ⁽¹⁾ and Mustafa Haj Hmaidi ⁽¹⁾

 (1).Dept. Of economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Redwan algasem. E-Mail: redwanalgasem@gmail.com).

Received: 12/09/2019                                Accepted: 6/02/2020

Abstract

This research was carried out in Aleppo Governorate (Deir Hafer region), and preliminary data was collected from a sample of cotton farmers for the 2019 agricultural season to estimate the functions of demand for chemical fertilizers during the season. Through the studied sample, it became clear that most farmers used two types of chemical fertilizers, namely urea and triple superphosphate, the mainstay of this research It is the estimation of the cotton crop production function, and the best mathematical formula that was reached was the Cobb-Douglas function, and from this function both the cost functions and the fertilizer demand functions were derived. Through the results, the elasticities of the two fertilizers, urea and superphosphate, were reached, which amounted to (0.47,0.19), respectively. The results of the research also showed that if the fertilizer prices were doubled, the demand function for fertilizers would remain the same without any change. As a result, after estimating the expansion corridor equation, the optimal economic combination of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers was reached and it was (450,280) kg/ ha, respectively.

Keywords: Douglas Cup production function, cotton crop, expansion corridor. Deir Hafer region

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Adelina Sbh⁽¹⁾*, Ghassan Kalil yacoub⁽¹⁾ and Mahmoud Mostafa Alio⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Adelina Sbh . E-Mail: adelina.sbh@gmail.com).

Received: 21/10/2019                                Accepted: 14/02/2020

Abstract:

This research was conducted in the Latakia and Tartous provinces, through a simple random sample consisting of 383 farmers, first to estimate the quantity and value of plant wastes in Syrian coast, and second to present modern methods to benefit from them, relying on preliminary data collected through field visits for growers of grasses, legumes, fruit trees and vegetables during the year 2017-2018, and then to analyze the data using the analytical and descriptive methods. The results of the research showed that most of the resulting agricultural wastes are not optimally used, but are thrown and accumulated, which causes wastage of large amounts of them, the environmental pollution, Results showed that, the average investment ratio of legume, vegetables, grasses, and fruit trees was 77%, 80%, 55% and 43% consensually. Also, it became clear that maximizing the use of untapped plant wastes in Syrian coast would produce quantities of biogas and organic fertilizer estimated at 162.1 million cubic meters and 1108.62 thousand tons, respectively, and the amount of biogas is rewards 97247 thousand liters of diesel. Which indicates the need to draw the attention of farmers to the economic importance of plant residues, especially when used in order to produce biogas and the resulting organic fertilizer, and the need to sensitize them about the risks of wrong disposal of plant wastes on human and the environment.
Key wards: Plant waste, Biogas, Organic Fertilizer, Diesel.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Redwan Al-gasem^{⁎ (1)}, Maher Yousef ⁽¹⁾ and Mustafa Haj Hmaidi ⁽¹⁾

 (1).Dept. Of economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Redwan algasem. E-Mail: redwanalgasem@gmail.com).

Received: 12/09/2019                                Accepted: 6/02/2020

Abstract

This research was carried out in Aleppo Governorate (Deir Hafer region), and preliminary data was collected from a sample of cotton farmers for the 2019 agricultural season to estimate the functions of demand for chemical fertilizers during the season. Through the studied sample, it became clear that most farmers used two types of chemical fertilizers, namely urea and triple superphosphate, the mainstay of this research It is the estimation of the cotton crop production function, and the best mathematical formula that was reached was the Cobb-Douglas function, and from this function both the cost functions and the fertilizer demand functions were derived. Through the results, the elasticities of the two fertilizers, urea and superphosphate, were reached, which amounted to (0.47,0.19), respectively. The results of the research also showed that if the fertilizer prices were doubled, the demand function for fertilizers would remain the same without any change. As a result, after estimating the expansion corridor equation, the optimal economic combination of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers was reached and it was (450,280) kg/ ha, respectively.

Keywords: Douglas Cup production function, cotton crop, expansion corridor. Deir Hafer region

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mariam.A.Auribi⁽¹⁾ *Lina S.Mohammed ⁽¹⁾  Nawal K. Zben ⁽¹⁾

(1) University of Basra – Basra- Iraq          

(*Correspondence: Lina Samir Mohamed 07715921923.  E-Mail Linasamer234@gmail.com )

Received:  29/11/2020       Accepted: 232021/5/

Abstract:

The aim of the research is to extract pectin from the remnants of some fruits and vegetables, which are peels of (green apples, red apples, yellow apples, cucumbers, and sunchoke) using ammonium oxalate 1%, citric acid 0.2 molar and oxalic acid 2% at a temperature of 90 ° C for ninety minutes, as the highest percentage of extracted pectin are Using citric acid for all apple samples, ranging between 43.4 – 14.2%, the highest percentage was in green apples 43.4%, and the lowest was in cucumber 14.2%, while the highest yield was given when using ammonium oxalate, in sunchoke, reaching 19.2%, and then Green apples 18.4% and less in cucumbers by 4.8%, and the results of extracted pectin using oxalic acid showed that it was the lowest percentage among the extraction methods in all the studied samples. moisture and ash, which ranged between 10.3 – 11.35% and 2.2 – 2, 1%, respectively, it was extracted by ammonium oxalate at a temperature of 90 ° C for 90 minutes. Using FTIR to find out thechemical active groups of extracted pectins.

Key words: Apple, Sunchoke, Cucumber, Oxalic Acid, Pectin Extract, Citric Acid

Full paper in Arabic: PDF