Ahmed Qasim* ⁽¹⁾, Mohammad Shafik Hakim ⁽¹⁾ and Abdallah Al–Yossef ⁽²⁾.

• Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo.
• Research center in Aleppo, GCAR, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Ahmed Qasim. . E-Mail: Ahmedkassem11194@gmail.com).

Abstract   

The study was carried out during 2018/2019 season in  two locations, first at AL-sfira zone B (rainfed) and Hmayma location zone C (irrigated)  belong to Scientific Agriculture Research Center in Aleppo, the study aim to identification of  selection indicators for local wheat Lips (Triticum durum) under varying environmental conditions، 25 durum wheat genotypes of (local lines) were planted in addition to 5 cultivars Cham 3, Cham 5, Cham 7, Cham 9 and Doma1 as a check verities under two treatments (water-stress) and (un-water stress) in a randomized complete block design with two replications Grain yield were studied and the percentage of reduction was estimated as result of drought stress, the Correlation between phonological  indicators (Days to Heading, Days to Maturity), morphological (peduncle length, spike length, Awn length), Flag leaf Area  and grain yield under both conditions was estimated for determining the most effective indices which were used to breeding programs،qualities were studied use of path Analysis were studied for qualities to know the contribution of each attribute yields ،The result showed the drought stress reduced grain yield for all genotypes significantly,  the lowest decreases was observed in cham5 compared to the rest of control and genotypes with decrease of (8.15%) which gave the highest productivity in rainfed agriculture conditions by (3289 kg/h) followed by the genotype Horani nawawy with a decrease of (9.85%) with a productivity of (2653 kg/h). The result showed presence of positive and high moral genetic and phenotypic link between grain yield and (Grains Per Spike, 1000 – Kernel Weigh) While the link was negative and highly moral with (Days to Heading, Days to Maturity) the weight attribute of one thousand tablets is more contributing to yield with positive direct effect(0.35) in irrigated farming conditions، in rainfed agriculture the results indicated a positive and highly significant genetic and phenotypic correlation between grain yield and (1000 – Kernel Weight, Spikes Per Unit Area, Flag Leaf Area, Awn Length) while the link was negative and highly moral with (Days to Heading, Days to Maturity) the number of spikes per square meter was the most direct attribute of yield with positive direct effect (0.282)، the recipe for number of days until splicing had a direct negative effect on grain yield (-0.403).  

Keywards: Durum Wheat, Selection indices , Drought Tolerance, combined analysis ، path Analysis.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

1. Essa¹; N. Asaad¹; A. Katnaji²; N. El Hosien² and M. Al Debss³

(1) Al-Ghab Center for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR)

(2) Aleppo Center for Scientific Agricultural Research, (GCSAR)

(3) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR).

(*Corresponding author: Nader Asaad . E-Mail:  asaad_nader@yahoo.com).

Abstract

The work was carried out in the Al-Ghab Agricultural Scientific Research center and Tel-Hadya station, which is related to the Agricultural Scientific Research Centre of Aleppo, during the 2017-2018, and 2018-2019 cropping seasons. It aimed to an evaluation of eight promising chickpea genotypes (G7-08, G5-08, FLIP -02-84, FLIP-03-118, FLIP-03-142, FLIP-05-44, G11-08, and FLIP95-67) comparing with three released varieties (Ghab³, Ghab^4, and Ghab⁵) as well as to evaluation of its against Ascochyta Blight Disease under the field conditions. Field results showed that the genotype G5-08 was better than of released varieties in all studied parameters (morphological and production) as well as it was more tolerance against Aschochyta blight, Therefore, this promising genotype would be recommended to be registered as a chickpea variety in both Aleppo and Al-Ghab region for winter cultivation.

Keywords: Genotype, varieties, Yield, Disease, Aschochyta blight

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar Abbas^(1)* and Ghonwa Khaddour⁽¹⁾

(1) Agriculture research center of Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ammar Abbas. E-Mail: Ammarabbas1984@hotmail.com).

Received: 20/08/2022                      Accepted: 31/08/2022

Abstract: 

 This research was conducted at the al-Kabeer al-Shamali river basin between the Syrian-Turkish borders and the coastline of Syria within area of / 836 / km² in order to prepare main database  of the basin . Topographic and geological maps, climatic data (temerature and rainfall), satellite images, DEM maps and ARC GIS 10.4 were used to prepare some maps including: Contour and slope, geological, soils, temperature, isohytes and land use.  Then detailed tables were included to provide appropriate databases that provide appropriate management decisions. The results showed  the topographic variation, most of the basin are is dominated by low to moderate slopes, Geological  map  also indicated to the presence of seven geological structures most widespread is carbonaceous karst,while the soils map showed the presence of four soil orders ,most spread soils is  Luvisols. Forests are the most prevailing in most of the basin depending on the land use map. average annual temperature ranged between(18-25)`c and annual rainfall (1264) mm in Kasab, the hydrographic net is dense and total length of the river is (56)km

Key Words: al-Kabeer al-Shamali Basin, GIS, database, river

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Wassim Mahmoud Mayya^*(1), and Kamal Salem Al-Hanoun⁽²⁾

(1) Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Wassim Mayya . E-Mail: wassimrand88@gmail.com).

Received: 11/06/2021                      Accepted: 24/10/2021

Abstract: 

 The current research included studying the feeding of a species of crustacean zooplankton of the order Cyclopoida Oithona nana (Giesbrecht, 1892), in addition to investigating the microstructure of the mandible and determining the preferred food for the species, then examining 112 samples, collected vertically continuously and gradually over the period between In March 2020 and February 2021, sample collection was accompanied by taking hydrophysical and hydrochemical measurements from three different areas from each other with their environmental characteristics. Knowing the gut content of the aforementioned species gave new data on the conditions and behavior of its feeding under the influence of various environmental factors. The number of phytoplankton and zooplankton species that appeared in O.nana reached (16) species and (4) genera, of which (5) belong to the flagellate phytoplankton, two genus of diatoms, and five stages of the napelius larvae of the type Acartia clausi, in addition to (6) species of The Ciliates and two genus from the rotors, as for the average number of individuals, it was recorded (3268) individuals, whereas the mean Ciliates were recorded for the number of individuals (1875) individuals in all seasons of the year.

Keywords: Oithona nana, The Feeding , Mandible, Gut Content, Environmental factors.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar Daher*⁽¹⁾, Ziad Barbar⁽¹⁾, and Ismail Al-Mohammed⁽²⁾

(1) Al Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(2) Al Furat University, Al Hassakah, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ammar Daher. E-Mail: ammardaher88@gmail.com).

                    Received: 8/07/2021                      Accepted: 24/10/2021

Abstract: 

This research aimed to study the population dynamic of Two Spotted Red Spider Mites Tetranychus urticae in a cotton field located at Al Dabbaghia in Al-Hassakah governorate during 2019 and 2020. The density of T. urticae did not differ between 2019 and 2020 (the mean was 0.27±0.03 mites / leaf in 2019 and 0.24 ± 0.03 mites / leaf in 2020). In 2019, the first appearance of T. urticae was on 19 July and its density increased and reached the highest level on 10 August. However, in 2020, the first appearance of T. urticae was on 3 August and its density increased and reached the highest level during second week of October. The results showed also that the highest density of T. urticae was observed in the apical leaves of cotton plants during the two seasons of the study. The highest infection rate by T. urticae was observing during harvest, in the two seasons. Concerning the severity of the injury, the highest degree was observed in 2019 where 16% of the leaves of the mid-level cotton plant showed stippling and reddening.

Keywords: Tetranychus urticae Koch– population dynamic – cotton – Syria.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Abeedo*^{(1) (2)}, Mohamad Kanouh⁽²⁾, and Haifa Alsayeda⁽²⁾  

(1)  Pesticide Test Research Department, Plant Protection Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.  

(2) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ali Abeedo:  Email:aliabeedo265@gmail.com)

Received:7/07/2021            Accepted: 19/10/2021

Abstract: 

The present study was conducted at plant protection department laboratories (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus) during 2020. This work aimed to estimate the effect of two chemical acaricides, Chlorpyrifos and Spiromesifen, and the effect of plant extracts of Melia azedarach L. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn against the eggs and adults of strawberry spider mite, Tetranychus turkestani under laboratory conditions. The relative efficiency and LC₅₀ of tested acaricides and plant extracts had been determined. The results showed significant differences in the adult mites’ mortality after the exposure to residues of acaricides and plant extracts between the control and the treatments. There were no significant differences between the two acaricides despite of the difference between their mode of action. According to LC₅₀ value, the toxicity of Spiromesifen to adult mites was 9.3 times higher than Chlorpyrifos, the toxicity of M. azedarach extract was 1.55 times higher than E. camaldulensis extract. Egg mortality rate had been determined after direct spray by tested acaricides and plant extracts. There were significant differences between the control and the treatments.

Keywords: Strawberry spider mite, Chlorpyrifos, Spiromesifen, Plant extracts, Melia azedarach, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Relative efficiency, Toxicity index.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Muataz Haidar^*(1), and Jaoudat Faddoul⁽²⁾

(1). Diseases Department, Plant Protection Research Department,  General Commission for Scientific  Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.
(2). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus,Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Muataz Haidar, Email:moatazhidar986@gmail.com)

Received:  29/08/2021             Accepted: 24/10/ 2021

Abstract: 

The efficacy of two species of Trichoderma and mycorrhizal fungi was tested against the pathogen of black-scale disease, Rhizoctonia solani, in a pot. The results showed that biological agents stimulated plant growth and increased the length of the plant, the wet weight of the aerial shoot and the root total, and crop production. Results showed that mycorrhizal fungus was significantly superior to T. viride and T. harzianum in reducing the percentage of severity infection on the stem which, they were (25%, 33.3%, and 41.7%) respectively. But when we added the three biological agents, the percentage of severity infection reduced significantly to (11.44%), In addition to the reduction of the number of sclerotia on tubers and the percentage of severity infection on tubers reduced to (7.04%) the superior significantly in other treatments. Results showed the use of chemical fungicide (Moncut) with biological agents supported the role of these biological agents in reducing the infection severity.

Keyword: Rhizoctonia solai, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Mycorrhiza.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Faten  Bakor, ⁽¹⁾, Anwar Almouemar⁽¹⁾ , and Zakaria Al Naser*⁽¹⁾

(1)Plant protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Zikeria Al naser,:. E-Mail: zinzanasera@gmail.com )

Received:  29/08/2021                   Accepted: 11/11/ 2021

Abstract: 

This research has aimed to study the effect of repeated spraying of glyphosate on Solanum elaeagnifolium plants in uncultivated fields in three different locations in the Syrian governorates, Deir Ezzor (Al-Jufra area), Aleppo (Dayr Hafir), and Rural Damascus (Mseilha) during the period between 2018 and 2020. The results obtained that the repetition of the pesticide spray 3 and 6 times during the years of the study did not change the physical composition, salinity, pH and calcium carbonate in all study sites. Whereas, spraying glyphosate 3 and 6 times increased the percentage of organic matter and phosphorus available, with a significant difference with the control. The values of available phosphorous were (236 & 296 mg / kg ) Aleppo , (312& 363 mg / kg ) Deir Ezzor and (336 & 395 mg / kg) Rural Damascus  in control and plot treated with 6 times of glyphosate, respectively. Also, repeated spraying with glyphosate in the treated soils led to increasing the average general population of bacteria and fungi. These indicators have increased with the increase in the number of times the pesticide was sprayed. The total count of bacteria after 6 times of spraying the pesticide was 18.12, 15.78, and 19.57X10⁴ / g soil in Deir Ezzor, Aleppo, and Rural Damascus, respectively.

Keywords: Glyphosate, S. elaeagnifolium, microbial, Soil.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Walaa kashkash^(1)*, Rashid Kharbotli ⁽²⁾, and Fahd Sahyouni⁽³⁾

(1).Hama Agriculture Directorate, Hama, Syrian

(2). Department of Horticulture  ,Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University ,Latakia, Syria

(3).Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria

(*Corresponding author:  Walaa keshkesk . E-Mail    sywalaa26@gmail.com)

Received:  4/06/2021                     Accepted: 24/10/ 2021

Abstract: 

This research was conducted on pistachio trees of the camel tusk variety with age (30 years of cultivation). With the aim of finding out the effect of fertilization (2019-2020) in the village of Taybat Imam of Hama Governorate within two years.  With boron, whether sprayed on the leaves or adding it to the soil in the productivity of these trees, the following are the most important results that were reached: Fertilization with boron, whether it was added to the soil or sprayed on the leaves, contributed to the production of trees and improved the quality of their fruits compared with the control. Greater than ground fertilization in most traits. The studied experience. The highest percentage of contract and largest tree production was found in the Maameltene trees So that the percentage of the contract reached (T7-T9) while the contract percentage did not exceed (32.77) (Kg / tree),  and production (56.85)% (T9) in the treatment trees. in treatment of the witness (12.66) and production% (49.43) Kg The lowest percentage of falling fruits and the lowest percentage of empty fruits reached (T5).Respectively% (7.08),% (64.20)% The highest percentage of cracked fruits and the highest fruit clearance percentage. (T7) were investigated by treatment trees Respectively% (33.02)% (43.65)%.

Key words: pistachio nuts, production, fruit specifications, fertilization with boron

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kais Ali ⁽¹⁾ *, and Issa Kabibou ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Land Sciences. Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University. Lattakia. Syria.

(* Corresponding author: kais ali, E-mail: kaisttali721@gmail.com)

Received:  8/07/2021                     Accepted: 19/10/ 2021

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out in Tartous Governorate – Beit Ismail village for the two agricultural seasons (2019-2020), according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications for each treatment, and with seven study treatments separately by adding them in the forest. Or sprayed on the leaves or both on the bean plant, on some soil chemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity S/M, organic matter %, effective lime %, total nitrogen % and phosphorous-potassium (ppm)), and morphological properties (plant height, root number, total root weight, vegetative total weight, and exclusive number (number of pods). The results show that the treatment (adding soil + spraying) of the biofertilizer was significantly superior to all treatments, as the plant height reached (129.667 cm), the weight of the root total (59.10 g), the number of root nodes (48.33 kknots/root, the number of pods (12.5 horns/plant). ), while the treatment of forest litter extract (in addition to the soil + spray) with the weight of the vegetative total (225.5 g), and we note that there are no significant differences between the bio-fertilizer treatments and the forest litter extract in terms of its effect on soil properties, growth and productivity of faba bean plant.

Keywords: EM1, forest cover, bean plant, Soil Properties, Morphological and Productive traits

Full paper in Arabic: pdf