Faten alsafadi*⁽¹⁾, Abdel Mohsen Marie⁽²⁾, Ramzi Murshid⁽³⁾ and Hesham Alatwani⁽¹⁾

(1) Sweida Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.                                                                                                          

(2) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.            

(3) Department of  Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of              

Damascus, Damascus, Syria.                                                                                        

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Faten alsafadi. E-Mail. f.alsafadi@gmail.com).                         

 Received: 25/11/2021                     Accepted:17/01/2022 

Abstract: 

This study was conducted at GCSAR-Swaida research center (Hout station) during the season 2018-2019, to evaluate six melon inbred lines and their 30 F₁ hybrids produced by complete diallel mating design, using RCBD with four replications, to  study genetic indicators as (Broad and narrow sense Heritability, Degree of dominance, Genetic Advance, Genotypic and Phenotypic coefficients of variations) for some fruit quality traits of melon (fruit pulp thickness, dry matter%, total soluble solids%, total sugar%, monosaccharides%, disaccharides%, carotenoids, vitamin C). The results showed that the additive variance was less than dominance variance for all studied traits, except the fruit content of carotenoids, since the degree of dominance was higher than 1 for these traits, this is indicating the importance of non-additive effects in the inheritance of these traits. While, the fruit content of carotenoids was under control of both additive and non-additive variance, and the degree of dominance was close to 1. The Estimates of the broad sense heritability was high in all traits On the other hand, the narrow sense heritability was an intermediate estimate for fruit content of carotenoids associated with a high genetic advance, and intermediate estimate for total soluble solids associated with low genetic advance. The results showed that the estimated of the phenotypic coefficient of variation are higher than the genetic coefficient of variation for all fruit quality traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation reached the highest value for the characteristic of the fruit content of disaccharides% (49.016%), and the coefficient of genetic variation, it reached high estimates for the fruit content of disaccharides% and fruit content of carotenoids, and intermediate for the fruit content of vitamin C and dry matter%, and low for the rest of the traits.

Keywords: Degree of dominance, Genetic Advance, Genotypic coefficients of variations (GCV), Heritability, Melon, Cucumis melo L., Phenotypic coefficients of variations (PCV).

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdul Naser Al-Omar^(1)*, Morshed Kassouha⁽²⁾, Ashraf Alsaleh⁽²⁾

 (1) Hama Research Center, General Commission For Scientific Agricultural Research (GSCAR), Syria.

(2) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hama University, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abdul Naser Al Omar E-mail: abdnaser64@gmail.com).

Received: 17/10/2022                      Accepted:27/10/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted during the years 2021 and 2022 with the aim of revealing the potency of ticks parasites in Syria to carry the Coxiella burnetti bacterium, which causes Q fever using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tick ​​samples were collected from 45 herds of sheep and goats distributed over the governorates of Hama, Homs and Rif-Damascus. The targeted herds included 36 herds of sheep and 9 herds of goats. The genera of collected ticks was identified and belonged to only two of the genera known to this parasite, genus G. Rhipicephalus and genus G. Hyalomma, with a prevalence rates of 60% and 40%, respectively. 3 Tick parasites were collected in one tube from each flock and DNA was extracted from them as a single sample, and then a PCR test was performed on the extract. The results of the PCR test which was performed on the extracted DNA samples showed that six of them were positive for the presence of Coxiella burnetti in each of the ticks collected from sheep and goats, where the result appeared positive in two samples from goat ticks and four samples from sheep ticks. It was noted that the two positive goat tick samples were from two flocks in which abortion of unknown cause occurred. On the other hand, only one sample was positive in sheep ticks was collected from herd sufferd from abortion. The six positive samples were distributed equally between the two genera Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma (50% each), meaning that the two genera are able to borne and transmit Coxiella burnetti. Also, positive cases were recorded from the three governorates from which samples were collected. This study recommends continuing work on Coxiella burnetti in ruminants in general, and educating the farmers about this common pathogen, with increased interest in controlling ticks, as they are a vector of many bacterial, parasitic and viral diseases in humans and animals.

Keywords: Coxiella burnetii, Ticks, Sheep, Goats, Syria, PCR.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Qasim jasim. Athfua^(1)*, Abass M. Jasm⁽²⁾, and Awatif. N. Jerry⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Biology, College of Education –Qurna, Unviersity of Basrah, Iraqi.

(2) Department of horticulture and Land Scape design, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah^,

(*Corresponding author: Dr Qasim Athfua,   Email:qasim.athfua@uobasrha.edu.iq)

   Received:28/04/2022         Accepted: 2/10/2022

Abstract: 

A study was conducted during 2018- 2017 seasons at the farm of college of education in Qurna ,university of Basrah  was to study the effect of salicylic acid ,ascorbic acid and tocophrol. The experiment included 28 factorial factors, which are the interaction between four concentrations of lead, which are 0, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg soil, and seven spray treatments are distilled water, salicylic acid at a concentration of 25 and 50 mg/L ascorbic acid at two concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L and tocopherol at two concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/L  design.  Randomized complete blocks and three replicates and the adoption of the least significant difference test at the 0.05 .Results coned be summarized as follow: when lead  concentration increased, it caused  a decrease in chlorophyll, carbohydrates and protein . Proline was increased as lead concentration increased in the soil. The highest activity of catalase enzyme was record plant at 600 mg /kg soil . Treatments by salicylic, ascorbic and tocophrol increased leave content of  chlorophyll, carbohydrates and protein while proline was decreased under those treatment. Catalase activity increased when plants sprayed by salicylic acid, ascorbic acid and tocopherol. The interaction between the two factors caused significant effect in all studied parameters.

key word : Salicylic acid ,Ascorbic acid , Tocophrol ,Lead.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bhuwan Bohara ^{(1) *}, Bikram Bhatta ⁽²⁾, Rajeev Joshi ⁽¹⁾, and Kabita Subedi ⁽³⁾

(1) Faculty of Agriculture, Doon (PG) College of Agriculture science and technology, Selaqui, Dehradun, India

(2) Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan 44209, Nepal

(3) Plant Protection Officer, Department of Agriculture, Hariharbhawan, Lalitpur, Nepal.

(*Corresponding author: Bhuwan Bohara Email: bhuwanbohara50@gmail.com)

Received:16/12/2021          Accepted: 13/11/2022

Abstract: 

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different weed management practices and row spacing in yield and yield attributing characteristics of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) during spring season, 29^th Feb – 24^th May, 2020 in Duduwa, Banke, Nepal. Nine treatment combinations consisting of three weed management treatments (W₁: Control (no weeding), W₂: Pre-emergence application of Pendemethalin at a rate of 1lit.ha^-1, and W₃: Hand weeding at 30 DAS (Days after sowing)) and three row spacing (S₁: 30 cm × 10 cm, S₂: 40 cm × 10 cm, S₃: 50 cm × 10 cm) were tested by deploying factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The plant height (55.73 cm), Number of pods per plant (43.00), Number of seeds per pod (10.83), and 100 grain weight (7.08 gm.) was recorded more in W₃. Dry weight of weeds (9.39 gm. m^-2) was recorded more in W₂. More seed yield (1136 kg. ha^-1) and biological yield (3222 kg. ha^-1) were found in W₁. Significantly, the plant population during 16 DAS (43.72 plant. m^-2) and during 86 DAS (42.17 plant. m^-2), and plant height (57.73 cm) and 50 % flowering (51.44 days) were the highest in the treatment S₁. However, days to maturity, number of pods per plant and 100 grain weight did not show any significant differences to the various row spacing. The dry weight of weeds (7.93 gm. m^-2) and number of seeds per pod (10.57) were found more in the treatment S₃. However, more seed yield (1120 kg. ha^-1) and biological yield (3240.11 kg. ha^-1) were found in the treatment S₁. To achieve more profitable yield of spring green gram, the crop should be sown at 30 cm x 10 cm spacing and followed by pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin at a rate of 1lit.ha^-1 coupled with hand weeding at 30 DAS.

Key words: green gram, weed management, row spacing, yield.

Full paper in English: pdf

Abdulla  Farid  Zaid^*(1) and Asraa  YaCoob  Yousif ⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Animal Production,College of Agriculture, University of Basrah , Basrah ,

(*Corresponding author: Abdulla Zaid , Email: agripg.abdulla.farid@uobasrah.edu.iq)

Received:16/12/2021          Accepted: 25/08/2022

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Animal Production of the College of Agriculture – University of Basrah from the date of 1\10\2021 to 1\3\2022. Where 15 pieces of beef burger weighing 50 g were manufactured and divided into 3 treatments, Control T1 treatment, T2 and T3 treatment to which conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was added at a concentration of 4% which is a group of positional and geometric similarities associated with linoleic acid. The CLA commercial main isomers are Cis-9, trans- 11 and trans-10, cis-12. The values ​​of TBARs and FFA were lower (p≤ 0.05) for the treatments to which CLA was added compared to the control treatment. It also included a higher color, flavor, freshness and juice (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the control treatment. The addition of CLA to beef burgers increased myoglobin and Oxymyoglobin pigments and reduced the proportion of meta myoglobin in meat burgers.

Key words: conjugated linoleic acid, meat burger, meat oxidation, myoglobin, meta myoglobin.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Alya Jameel Ali*⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture,  University Of Basrah,

Basrah,Iraq

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Alya Jameel Ali,  alya.ali@uobasrah.edu.iq )

Received:5/06/2021            Accepted: 30/12/2021

Abstract: 

The aim of the research was to study the antioxidant properties of methanol, aqueous and acetone extracts of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill. Var. Hass) taken from the markets of Basra Governorate in Iraq and imported from Nairobi (Kenya), including testing the effectiveness of avocado seed extracts in inhibiting the oxidation of linoleic acid and its ability to capture The extracts of two types of free radicals (DPPH, NO), were compared with the standard antioxidant properties such as alpha-tocopherol, catechins and ascorbic acid in different ways and the evaluation of oxidation of beef burger was carried out by estimating the carbonyl proteins of meat by (DNPH) method.. The results showed the high ability of the extracts to inhibit the peroxides of the linoleic acid emulsion. The more efficient extract was the methanolic extract, the aqueous extract and the acetone extract respectively. The percentage of methanolic, aqueous and acetonic extract of DPPH free radical ranged (29.1-73.0), (22.0-65.1) and (17.4-61.4)%, respectively at concentrations (50-250) microgram/ml, while the scavenging of nitrite oxide ranged (28.9-81.9), (20.9-75.9) and (15.7-61.0)% for the ethanolic, aqueous and acetonic extract, respectively, for concentrations (100-1000) micrograms / ml, and the results also showed the activity of the samples to inhibit burger beef proteins oxidation by estimating proteins carbonyl. With different concentrations of extracts when stored in cold storage for 15 days. The bioactivity of avocado seeds provides an added value for organic waste in addition to its economic value

 Key words: Avocado seeds, Antioxidant properties, Protein Carbony.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sawsan Mahmood^*(1), Ali Ali ⁽¹⁾, Mohamad Ayhem Darwesh ⁽²⁾, Wissam Zam ⁽³⁾

(1) Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technical Engineering, Tartous University, Tartous, Syria.

(2) Faculty of Medical Engineering, Andalusia University, Tartous, Syria.

(3) Faculty of Pharmacy, AL- Wade University Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Sawsan Mahmood. E-mail address: sawsanmahmood480@gmail.com ).

Received: 20/05/2021                                Accepted: 27/01/2022

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in the fermentation technology laboratory in department of the Food Technology of the Faculty of Technical Engineering at Tartous University, in 2021.Optimization of fermentation processes for the production of yeast is very complex, and it is necessary to use a method to optimize the fermentation system and to operate the biological fermenter under optimal conditions in order to obtain the maximum possible amount of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In this work, the Response Surface Methodology method (RSM) was used to aim optimization of the fed-batch fermentation system with the aim of achieving a higher production of yeast based on grape juice as a sole source of carbon compared with the production obtained from the batch fermentation system. The aim was to determine the optimum feeding rates for both substances glucose and nitrogen that are supplied to the fermentation medium through the fed- batch fermentation system so that the desired result is achieved, which is to obtain the maximum possible production of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results demonstrated the success of using the surface response method (RSM) to determine optimal rates of glucose and nitrogen feeding during certain periods of nutrient fermentation where maximum biomass production was obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (42.03 g /L) using glucose feed rate values of 0.0314 (L /h) and the nitrogen feed rate is 0.0274 (L /h), and the fermentation power of the yeast obtained was 480 ml.

Keywords: Response Surface Methodology, optimization, fermentation, Fed-batch fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Full paper in English: pdf

Roula Hamoui^*(1), Naim Al-Husien⁽¹⁾, Rasha Taouz⁽²⁾, Yehia Khamary⁽¹⁾,  Rand khayata⁽¹⁾, George Janji⁽³⁾ , and   Mohamad Alazem⁽⁴⁾

(1) Aleppo research center, General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Aleppo, Syria.

(2) Directorate of internal trade and consumer protection of Aleppo, internal trade and consumer protection Ministry, Aleppo, Syria.

(3) Department of food science, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Aleppo University. Syria.

(4) Department of food science, Faculty of Technical Engineering, Aleppo University. Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Roula Hamoui, E-Mail: roula31@hotmail.com).

Received: 19/09/2021         Accepted: 30/12/2021

Abstract: 

This research was carried out at the laboratories of the Plant Protection and Food Technology Departments, at Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Aleppo. Thyme essential oil was extracted with hydro and steam distillation, and the effect of the extracted oil on the growth and activity of some Pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli ,Salmonella typhi) was tested with Cup Assay Method (CAM) in different concentrations of thyme essential oil (4-6-8-10) µg/L with the use of some antibiotics as a control sample to compare the efficiency of the oil with reference antibiotics, the inhibitory essential oil effect against the tested bacteria was estimated by measuring the inhibition diameter in millimeters.  After that, Soft spreadable cheeses were made laboratory, after sterilization of cheese, the extracted oil was added at a concentration of 1% to determine the impact of the oil in Inhibiting the growth of species of bacteria, and storing the cheese as long as possible. The results showed, the yields of thyme essential oil were 5 and 1.7 % respectively, andthe aromatic thyme oil extracted by water and steam extraction methods inhibited the growth and activity of bacterium (Escherichia coli ,Salmonela typhi) with the higher ability of Gentamicin antibiotic and the same ability of antibiotic in inhibiting the growth of bacterium (Listeria monocytogene), while the inhibitory effect of this oil was less than the inhibitory effect of antibiotic against bacterial growth (Bacillus cereus) when extracted by water distillation and greater than the effect of Gentamicin inhibition of the growth of the same type of bacteria. The ability of thyme essential oil to eliminate the studied bacteria has been observed on (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli) compared with the control sample for each type of bacteria studied, which indicates the efficiency of thyme oil in the protection of chees as well as being a flavoring material.

Keywords: Essential oil, Thyme, Bacteria, Antibiotics, Soft spreadable cheeses.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Naim. Al-Husien* ⁽¹⁾ and Reham Abo -Alkanj ⁽¹⁾

 (1).Aleppo Centre of Scientific Agricultural Researches, GCSAR, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Naim Al-Husien. E-Mail: naiem64@hotmail.com).

Abstract

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses that threaten wheat cultivation in the world and the Arab region. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the response of some promising lines to the drought using some morphological and biochemical markers.The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Biotechnologies of the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research / Aleppo Research Center in 2019. The reaction of eight promising durum wheat genotypes to drought stress using polyethyleneglycol at 5% concentration and compared with distilled water in controlled conditions according to cultivation system on surface the agar, based on morphological markers, protein was extracted from wheat seeds and protein samples were separated on the polyacrylamide gel by SDS-PAGE system.The experiment was carried out using RCBD design with three replications under lab conditions. The data were analyzed and the means were compared using LSD at 5% using Genstat V12.0. The TASSEL software was used to perform a genetic correlation using the general linear model (GLM) between molecular markers and studied traits. The morphological and biochemical results showed that genotype 22 is the best genotype, having the largest number and highest density of the bands, followed by Sham 5, which was lower by one band than genotype 22 in the treatment 5%, Whereas the worst response to drought was morphologically, genotype 14, and this corresponded with the results of the biochemical study where there were no changes to the alleles (bands) increase or delete a band, but were only in the density of the band. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there are a number of protein markers associated with more than one trait. Drought tolerant genotypes under stress were found to increase the dimater of the root and the surface and volume of the root in an attempt to adapt to stress. Detection of the presence of proteins such as dehydrins, heat shock proteins and drought- induced proteins can be useful markers for the early selection of drought-tolerant genotypes and their introduction in breeding programs.

Key words: Wheat cultivars; Drought Stress; SDS-PAGE; chaperones, dhn; PEG6000; TASSEL

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yamen Maksoud ^(1)*, and Tamim Alia ⁽²⁾

• Latakia Scientific Agricultural Research Center – Food Technology Division
• Tishreen University – The Higher Institute for Environmental Research.

(*Corresponding author: Yamen Maksoud, E-Mail: maksoud.yamen@gmail.com)

Abstract

ISO/IEC 17025 enables laboratories to demonstrate that they operate competently and generate valid results, thereby promoting confidence in their work both nationally and around the world. It also helps facilitate cooperation between laboratories and other bodies by generating wider acceptance of results between countries. Test reports and certificates can be accepted from one country to another without the need for further testing, which, in turn, improves international trade. In this study, the reality of Al-Henady Research Station’ Laboratory affiliated to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) was evaluated in light of the requirements of ISO 17025: 2017. The results of the evaluation showed that the main reasons for the mismatch were due to the lack of risk assessment, the uncertainty of the measurement uncertainty, the lack of documentation, the non-periodic calibration of the devices, and the lack of metrological traceability of the measurement results. It was also noted that the laboratory does not meet the requirements of the management system. The potential risk assessment of the laboratory was performed using the Failure Mode Effects Analysis method (FMEA). A methodology for the application of the standard has been formulated and methods have been proposed to overcome possible difficulties of implementation. In addition, a number of recommendations were made, including the need to educate customers on sampling methods to ensure the correctness of the test results and the need to establish an internal maintenance team and start applying the requirements of the standard, especially items that do not cause any additional burdens to implement.

Keywords: General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research_Al-Henady Laboratory, Laboratory Accreditation, Testing and Calibration laboratories, ISO 17025:2017.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf