Naim. Al-Husien* (1) and Reham Abo -Alkanj (1)
(1).Aleppo Centre of Scientific Agricultural Researches, GCSAR, Aleppo, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Naim Al-Husien. E-Mail: naiem64@hotmail.com).
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses that threaten wheat cultivation in the world and the Arab region. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the response of some promising lines to the drought using some morphological and biochemical markers.The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Biotechnologies of the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research / Aleppo Research Center in 2019. The reaction of eight promising durum wheat genotypes to drought stress using polyethyleneglycol at 5% concentration and compared with distilled water in controlled conditions according to cultivation system on surface the agar, based on morphological markers, protein was extracted from wheat seeds and protein samples were separated on the polyacrylamide gel by SDS-PAGE system.The experiment was carried out using RCBD design with three replications under lab conditions. The data were analyzed and the means were compared using LSD at 5% using Genstat V12.0. The TASSEL software was used to perform a genetic correlation using the general linear model (GLM) between molecular markers and studied traits. The morphological and biochemical results showed that genotype 22 is the best genotype, having the largest number and highest density of the bands, followed by Sham 5, which was lower by one band than genotype 22 in the treatment 5%, Whereas the worst response to drought was morphologically, genotype 14, and this corresponded with the results of the biochemical study where there were no changes to the alleles (bands) increase or delete a band, but were only in the density of the band. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there are a number of protein markers associated with more than one trait. Drought tolerant genotypes under stress were found to increase the dimater of the root and the surface and volume of the root in an attempt to adapt to stress. Detection of the presence of proteins such as dehydrins, heat shock proteins and drought- induced proteins can be useful markers for the early selection of drought-tolerant genotypes and their introduction in breeding programs.
Key words: Wheat cultivars; Drought Stress; SDS-PAGE; chaperones, dhn; PEG6000; TASSEL
Full paper in Arabic: pdf